Раздаточный материал по английскому языку на тему: "Holidays".
учебно-методический материал по английскому языку на тему

1. Прочитайте, переведите текст.

        Text 1.

                                   Winter holidays.

Winter holidays are shorter than summer ones. They begin at the end of December and last about two weeks. It is so nice to have a rest from school, college. During winter holidays we celebrate the New Year’s Eve and Christmas. There are New Year parties for children at schools and theatres. Cinemas show children films and cartoons. It is usually very cold in winter, but frost and snow can’t keep children indoors. It’s so great to go skiing down a hill. Boys like to play hockey on the ice. Many children go to the skating-rinks to skate. Small children play snowballs and make snowmen, or ride on the sledges happily. When the weather is bad I stay at home and watch TV. There is always something interesting on during winter holidays. Sometimes my friends come to see me and we play computer games or listen to music. There is also more time for reading, drawing, making model planes and other hobbies. Holidays pass quickly and soon it’s time to go to school, college again.

2.Переведите следующие выражения на русский язык:

1.Короче чем

2. Праздновать

3. Новогодние вечеринки

4. Удерживать детей дома

5. Каток

6. Кататься на санках

7. Играть в снежки.

1. Прочитайте, переведите текст.

        Text 2.

                             My  Winter Holidays.

Our winter holidays began on the 27th of December. On that day we had a New Year party at college. Certainly, we had been preparing to the party for a long time beforehand. We had prepared an amateur performance with Father Frost and Snow-Maiden. There were different competitions, we played different games. Certainly the lucky winners got the memorable prizes. We had prepared them beforehand but we had not bought them.

We had brought some nice trinkets from our homes. Those who won these prizes said that they are especially dear to them because they would remind them about their friends, groupmates. Then we had a dance party. That day we had a lot of fun.

I like winter for a number of holidays we celebrate at the beginning of a new year. First of all this is New Year Day. On the eve of New Year Day my father and I usually decorate a new year tree and mother cooks a lot of tasty things. We like to celebrate this holiday at home.

My Granny and Grandpa come to our place. At 11 o'clock we sit at the table to see Old Year off. At 12 o'clock with the last stroke of the clock we raise our glasses to New Year.

On the 7th of January our family celebrates Christmas. I like this holiday very much, too. This year all my friends came to our place. The girls helped my mother to set the table. According to the ancient tradition there were 12 dishes on the table.

The period of the winter holidays is rich in different shows and performances. This year we chose the show in the circus. We are already not children to go to the theatre to see some childish performance with a bad wolf who has stolen a new year tree. But a circus show is another pair of shoes. I think there is nobody in the world who can be tired of the circus. I liked the clowns most of all. Their tricks were so funny. And, of course, I liked the performing animals. They are so clever and beautiful and sometimes they behave themselves exactly like people.

But the time during the holidays flies so quickly. Certainly, I didn't get up early. In the evenings I could afford myself to watch TV as long as I wanted. I read some books which I dreamt to read but I didn't have free time for this.

I like fantastic stories. It s a pity that at our Literature lessons we don't speak much about the books which are popular with the young generation. At school we are to read and discuss the books which are in the curriculum.

This year the weather was really New Year's one. The temperature was not simply low, it was very low, about 20 degrees below zero. But the weather was rather snowy, and one day we set off to the park to ski. We had a nice day there. We ski, played snowballs and even made a snow man.

I like my last winter holidays very much. I think I'll memorize them for ever.

2.Переведите следующие выражения на русский язык:

1. Дед Мороз и Снегурочка

2. счастливые победители

3. памятные призы

4. заранее

5. украшать ёлку

6. поднимать бокалы

7. цирк

8. нравятся клоуны

9. молодое поколение

10. делать снеговика.

1. Прочитайте, переведите текст.

        Text 3.

My favorite holiday.

  The first holiday of the year begins with the New Year Day on the first of January. On the eve of the New Year Day, that is at night of the thirty first of December, we are usually at home with our family or with our friends near a New Year tree which is decorated with our bright lights and toys. At 12 o'clock we wish each other "Happy New Year!" We give presents to our friends and to all the family. Children like this holiday very much, because their winter vacation begins with the New Year day and last two weeks. They have a lot of fun then. They dance and sing round a New Year tree with Father Frost and Snow Maiden. During the winter vacation children do not study, they can play hockey, skate, ski and others. The next holiday which is celebrated in Russia is Christmas. It takes places on the 7th of January. This religious holiday began to be marked only some years ago. We do not study on this day now.   My most favorite holiday is the New Year Day and Christmas.

2.Переведите следующие выражения на русский язык:

1. Первый праздник в году
2. канун Нового года
3. около ёлки
4. желать друг другу
5. дарить подарки
6. религиозный праздник
7. несколько лет назад.

Test.

Christmas Traditions in England

1. People send Christmas ... to greet each other.

• letters,
• cards,
• faxes,
• presents.

2. They wish “... Christmas and Happy New Year!”

• Funny,
• Brilliant,
• Merry,
• Busy.

3. Father Christmas “comes” to every house through ...

• the door,
• the window,
• the chimney.

4. Father Christmas arrives from ...

• the North Pole,
• Alaska,
• Russia,
• Africa.

5. He brings ...         

• a snow girl,
• snow,
• a New Year tree,
• presents.

6. He is wearing ...

• a rain coat,
• jeans,
• a suit,
• a fur coat.

7. He puts little presents ...

• under children` s beds,
• into children` s shoes,
• into children` s stockings,
• under their pillows.

              Прочитайте, переведите текст.

New Year In Russia

New Year in Russia is celebrated on January 1, the first day of the Gregorian Calendar. In earlier times, New Year was celebrated in the month of September. Later, this day was forbidden by Czar Peter, the Great. In 1699, a decree was read about counting of years from Birth of Christ since January 1. Thus, this day was declared as a New Year's day in Russia. Since then, New Year became a family holiday for the people of Russia.

New Year Traditions
Amongst the most popular New Year symbols is a New Year's Tree called Novogodnaya Yolka which is topped with a bright star and decorated with various sweets. Another popularly celebrated New Year tradition is the arrival of Ded Moroz or Father Frost and his granddaughter Snegurochka the snow girl. They bring in New Year presents for the good children and keep them under the New Year's Tree. Children sing a song to make Father Frost happy.

New Year verve can be seen by the family get-together, use of fireworks, delicious meals etc. The most important part of the New Year activities is the sumptuous dinner with light music and champagne. The most important meals include meat, green peas, pickles, mayonnaise, onion, carrots and potatoes.

Russians also follow the tradition of listening to the New Year Speech from the President on New Year's Day. There are some more fascinating traditions followed at the time of New Year and the famous one is the tradition of fortune telling. Many people especially women and unmarried girls are excited to know about their future indulge in this acitivity.

New Year Celebrations in Russia
New Year is more of a winter vacation in Russia. Schools remain closed from January 1 till January 13. The main New Year celebrations begin from night of December 31. People usually prefer to spend the day with their friends and family members. Party clubs, hotels and discotheques are all jammed up at the time of New Year. The main New Year celebrations come to an end on January 13th, when the country celebrates the Old - Style New Year. This day is not declared as a public holiday but is celebrated to mark the beginning of the year according to the Julian calendar.

Прочитайте, переведите текст.

New Year In Europe

In the medieval period, Europeans celebrated New Year on December 25th along with the Christmas. But in 1582, Pope Gregory III ordered adoption of Gregorian calendar and January 1 was officially adopted as New Year's Day. Since then this day is celebrated with mirth and excitement. New Year in Europe is greeted with special songs and gifts.
New Year's Tradition in Europe
Traditions and customs make a splendid New Year celebration. In Europe, these traditions are followed from the medieval period. People practice these traditions earnestly and devotionally. Some of the most important traditions are briefed below:
Tradition of First-Footing
A very old tradition of 'first-footing' is practiced very seriously in Europe till date. When the clock strikes at midnight, a male stranger must be the first person to enter the house. It is supposed to bring good luck and prosperity for the family. The visitor must bring with him lump of coal, bread and some salt.   There is also an old tradition of gift-giving in Europe. It is considered the best way to give warm New Year blessings and wishes.
Tradition to Make Noise
In Europe, people follow a custom of making noise to welcome the New Year. New Year parties are a noisy affair in Europe. This is done to scare off all the bad spirits. People burst massive firecrackers, blow horns, trumpets, whistles and bells to ring in the fresh New Year.
Fortune-Telling
Europeans believe in tradition of fortune-telling and follow it earnestly. Some people are highly superstitious and believe that the future-forecast will make them aware of anything new for them in the coming year.
New Year's Celebrations in Europe
New Year celebrations are highlighted with dazzling lights and noisy crackers. Bonfires and fireworks are seen all around. People of Europe splurge in night parties, sumptuous dinners, drinks and dances. There are live concerts and shows specially organized for New Year.

New Year Parades are the most entertaining part of the celebrations. A very big New Year parade takes place in Rome every year. Thousands of people gather at St.Peter's Square to receive the blessings of the Pope.

In Northern Europe, a famous New Year ceremony take place. It is called 'Up-Helly-Aa'. The locals of this area dress up like Vikings and parade around the main town of Lerwick. They hold burning torchlights to cast away darkness in the area. This ceremony ends up with launching a burning Viking ship and bonfires.

Прочитайте, переведите текст.

                                           New Year In US

New Year in United States is celebrated on January 1, the first day of Gregorian Calendar. This is a Federal holiday in US. On this day, many people make resolutions to give away bad deeds and renew life with good ones. It's the time to remember the achievements and make merry for the New Year. New Year is expected to bring good luck and charm for people and this is the reason why Americans love to celebrate it with fun and enjoyment.

New Year's Eve in United States
New Year's Eve celebration is a gala affair for the people of US. They love to enjoy even the last minute of the going year and welcome the New Year with a blast. Midnight parties, sumptuous dinners, live music and the dance floors make a perfect New Year's Eve bash. Every year, a huge ball is organized at Time Square in the New York City. This New Year celebration is watched over by large number of Americans. A minute before the New Year's Day, a brightly lighted ball is dropped slowly from the top of a pole. As soon as the ball reaches the ground, it gives a signal of New Year and everybody hug and kiss each other wishing Happy New Year.

Elsewhere, many of New Year parties in US have a dress code or a theme. People cover their faces with masks. They unmask themselves only when the clock strikes 12. To have some merriment with the family members at the beginning of the New Year, people prefer to celebrate it at their homes. Many people watch television, eat the auspicious black-eyed peas and rice called Hoppin' Johns. There is also a tradition to open champagne bottles as the clock strikes midnight on the New Year's Eve.

New Year Day Celebrations in United States
New Year's Day begin by wishing the near and dear ones 'Happy New Year'. People visit their loved ones place and sometimes go out for picnic with them. New Year celebrations are further accelerated by watching the famous Tournament of Roses Parade. Theme of the parade varies every year. Today, the parade is followed by thousands of participants - marching bands, dancing and singing various songs. The queen of the tournament rides on a special float made from lacs of flowers. This is a very eye-catchy scene of the whole parade. There is also a New Year custom to play the most famous games of football such as the Orange Bowl and the Fiesta Bowl.

Прочитайте, переведите текст.

New Year In UK

New Year in United Kingdom is celebrated on January 1, the first day of the first month as per the Gregorian Calendar. This day was officially declared as New Year's Day in 1752. It is the time to ring out the old year and bring the new one by merry making.

New Year is the much awaited celebration for the people of UK. They love to enjoy each and every minute of the going year. Theme parties, salsa dance and live performances are the some of the rocking events of New Year in UK. Another enthralling part of the New Year festivities are the New Year cruises in England. These are the most unique and memorable part of New Year in England. So, if you are planning to have an exciting New Year blast, England is all set for one.

New Year Traditions in Britain
A very old custom of 'first footing' is still followed in Britain with sincerity. It is said that the first male visitor to the house on the New Year's day brings good luck. A blonde, a red-haired or a woman is not allowed to enter the house first as they are supposed to bring bad luck. The male visitor usually brings money, bread or coal as these are considered auspicious gifts. At some places, there is a tradition of gifting the holy mistletoe. It is believed to bring prosperity for the recipient. Another tradition which is popularly celebrated is the "burning of the bush". It symbolizes burning of all past events.

New Year Celebrations in Britain
New Year celebrations in Britain is a colorful affair. New Year is celebrated as the most important festival in United Kingdom. Midnight parties, lavish meals, champagnes, music, dance and fireworks are the important parts of New Year in England. It is the biggest night-out of the year.

Apart from parties and meals, another important part of New Year celebrations in UK is the biggest New Year parade. The parade starts at noon walking down the streets via Whitehall, Pall Mall and finishing in Berkley square. Musicians, dancers, acrobats, march, drums and other entertainers do a splendid job to make the event most distinguished one. Everyone present at the Berkley is openly invited to join the carnival and enjoy the festive occasion.

Прочитайте, переведите текст.

New Year In China

If you are in China at the time of New Year you will hear people wishing you Gung Hay Fat Choy. Don't get worried, it is Happy New Year in Chinese.
New Year celebrations is a grand event of China. New Year festivities lasts for one month in China. Chinese New Year is also called Spring festival. It begins from the middle of the last month of the year and ends up in the first month of the new year. These last day celebrations in China is called Lantern Festival.
History of Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year has a very interesting and unique history. According to the Chinese legends, there was a giant beast Nian who used to swallow humans in a single bite. Relief from the horrifying beast came only when people realized that Nian was scared of red color and loud noises. They started bursting crackers and used red color to scare the beast. Since then, this day was named as GuNian meaning "Pass over the Nian". Chinese considered the day an auspicious one as it brought new life for them and celebrated it as a New Year.
Chinese New Year Dates
Chinese New Year falls on a different date every year. Chinese calender is a combination of solar and lunar calender. Chinese New Year falls on second new moon after the winter solstice. Chinese calender has a 12 year cycle and each year is named after animal. Chinese believe that every person resembles an animal and this reflects their traits. Year 2006 was the Year of the Dog. People born on this date are said to be very loyal and trustworthy. Similarly, every year has a it's own significance. Chinese New Year begins in February 18th 2008 and it is the Year of Pig.
Chinese New Year Celebrations
Lot of excitement can be seen in the last 15 days of New Year celebrations. Every day has a special importance to it. Chinese ritualize and celebrate each day in a customary manner. Given below are the line wise celebrations of the New Year in China:
Day 1: People began their day by offering prayers and welcome the gods of heaven and earth. Most of the people stay away from meat to ensure healthy living.
Day 2: Successively, prayers are offer to their ancestors and other gods. Chinese are strict care-taker of dogs and feed them well. This is day is considered to be th birthday of all dogs.
Day 3 and 4: These are very important days for the families to keep up their relations. It calls for every son-in-law to pay respect to their parents-in-law.
Day 5: According to the traditions, nobody visits friends and relatives houses as it would bring bad omen. They stay back home to worship the God of wealth. The day is called Po Woo.

Day 6: On this day, people freely meet their near and dear ones and even visit nearby temples to pray for their well being and high spirits.
Day 7: This is Chinese farmers' day. They display their backbreaking produce. They also prepare a drink from seven different types of vegetables. On this day, everybody eats noodles which is a symbol of long life and fish representing success.
Day 8: It's an other day to be celebrated with the family and friends. They also offer midnight prayers to Tian Gong, the God of Heaven.
Day 9: Prayers are offered to Jade Emperor.
Days 10 to 13: From 10 to 12, people celebrate the days by having sumptuous dinner with the loved ones and the 13th day is left for a very light dinner to cleanse the system.
Day 14: People start preparing for the celebration of Lantern Festival to be held on next day.
Day 15: Since it is the first night to see full moon, people hang out colorful lanterns, eat glutinous rice balls and enjoy the day with their families.
Chinese New Year Traditions and Decorations
To prepare for the New Year, Chinese clean their houses, repay any money they owe, get their hair cut, and buy new clothes. They also light up their houses and adorn it with signs of peace and luck. They use red color in all their decorations which is very considered auspicious.

Прочитайте, переведите текст.

New Year In Germany

Nuejahr or New Year in Germany is celebrated on January 1 as per the Gregorian Calendar.  People  eat, drink, dance, play games, exchange wishes and even make resolutions to bring in the New Year.
New Year's Tradition
With the New Year celebrations, people of Germany do not forget to follow all their customs and traditions. A very popular tradition of telling future called Bleigiessen is followed with great amount of excitement by the Germans. They would drop molten lead into cold water and predict future of people from whatever shape it created. If it took the shape of a heart or ring it meant wedding, shape of ship meant journey and a pig symbolized plenty of food in the coming year. Another tradition of leaving a bit of every food on new Year's Eve until after midnight ensured surplus food year ahead.

New Year's Celebrations in Germany
New Year's Eve is celebrated with gaiety and zest by the people of Germany. People are in a full mood to enjoy and party hard. New Year's celebration begins with the New Year's Eve. Silvester is the New Year's Eve in Germany. December 31st is the feast day of Saint Silvester and is so New Year's Eve named after him. Silvester was a pope who lived in the fourth century. According to the German legends, he healed the leprosy and baptized the Roman Emperor, Constantine the Great. And also Silvester was the only pope to meet the acknowledged members of Jesus's family.

New Year's Eve is a noisy affair. These celebrations are all about dancing, singing, drinking and having a lavish meal. People like to spend time with their dear ones. Party places and restaurants are overcrowded with people. The huge New Year bash of Brandenburger Tor in Berlin is famous worldwide.

As soon as clock strikes 12 at night, people are seen hugging, kissing and wishing each other "Gutes Nue Jahr" or "Happy New Year". Bells of churches start ringing loudly. Champagne and wine flow lavishly and fireworks light up the sky. Thus, New Year is welcomed in a merry way by the people of Germany.

Playing special New Year games is another feature of New Year's celebrations. At homes, people enjoy the festive craze by watching special New Year programs. It is considered very auspicious by the people to have carp (a type of fish) or herring and toast made with champagne or sekt. Cabbage and carrots are also eaten to bring in financial stability. For Silvester, lentil (or split pea) soup with wieners is very popular. It is prepared a few days before the New Year. People also share meat and cheese fondue with family and friends as the New Year feast.

Прочитайте, переведите текст.

New Year In South Africa.

New Year in South Africa is celebrated with extreme fun and enjoyment. It is one of the best places to plan for a perfect New Year celebration. According to Gregorian Calendar, New Year in South Africa is celebrated on January 1. The excitement and enthusiasm can be seen on the faces of people many days before the event. They wait for the New Year with full energy. Church bells are rung and gunshots are fired to welcome the New Year.

New Year's Celebration in South Africa
Music, songs, dance and a lavish dinner are an important part of New Year celebrations in every part of South Africa. New Year celebrations at The Victoriav and Alfred Waterfront in Cape Town are globally popular for the scintillating fireworks, singing, dancing and much more. Another world famous event is the Cape Town Minstrel Carnival. This event is noted for its colorful parades. Entertainers in fancy dresses dance on the beats given by the marching bands. This popular New Year Parade move through the city - streets entertaining people of various localities.

Durban's beaches provide a wonderful sight at the time of New Year. These are covered with people gathered to celebrate their New Year. People of South Africa go freaky for the last minute New Year celebrations. They party all night long. South Africans not only visit party places for New Year but also arrange indulge in private affairs. New Year's Eve in South Africa is a grand affair. Showy parties are well attended by national and international celebrities. South Africa undoubtedly looks like a big entertainment hub at the time of New Year.

New Year in South African houses have always been a gala affair. People like to spend the day with their friends and family members by partying altogether or by having a sumptuous meal at a good dining hall. Thus, New Year is the best time for the people of South Africa to get a break from their strict schedules.