ГИА, ЕГЭ по английскому языку
тест по английскому языку (9 класс) по теме

Тренировочные задания государственной (итоговой) аттестации обучающихся, освоивших образовательные программы основного общего образования, по английскому языку.

Задания на чтение.

Задание 1

В3

1. An important instrument
2. Traditional instruments
3. Performers and shows of country music
4. The development of the music industry
5. The songs of the Wild West
6. Country music throughout the world
7. The origin of the term
8. The contribution of a well-known rock star

A.A popular American musical style that began in the Southern United States in the 1920s is  called country music. The term country music gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term hillbilly music. The term country music is used today to describe many styles and subgenres. Harlan Howard stated “ Country music is three chords and the truth.”

B.Immigrants to the Maritime Provinces and Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of the Old World along with them for nearly 300 years. They brought some of their most important valuables with them, and to most of them this was an instrument: “Early Scottish settlers enjoyed the fiddle because it could be played to sound sad and mournful or bright and bouncy”. The Irish fiddle, the German derived dulcimer, the Italian mandolin, the Spanish guitar and the West African banjo were the most common musical instruments.

C.During the 1930s and 1940s cowboy songs or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Some of the popular singing cowboys from the era were Gene Autry, the Sons of the Pioneers and Roy Rogers. And it wasn’t only cowboys; cowgirls contributed to the sound in various family groups. Patsy Montana opened the door for female artists with her history making song “I Want to Be a Cowboy’s Sweetheart”. This would begin a movement toward opportunities for women to have successful solo careers.

D.Drums were scorned by early country musicians as being “too loud” and “not pure”, but by 1935 Western swing big band leader Bob Wills had added drums to the Texas Playboys. In the mid 1940s, the Grand Ole Opry did not want the Playboys’ drummer to appear on stage. Although drums were commonly used by rockabilly groups by 1955, the less-conservative-than-the-Grand Ole Opry Louisiana Hayride kept its infrequently used drummer back stage as late as 1956. By the early 1960s, however, it was rare that a country band didn’t have a drummer.

E.Rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Rockabilly was a mixture of rock-and-roll and hillbilly music. During this period Elvis Presley converted over to country music. He played a huge role in the music industry during this time. Beginning in the mid 1950s and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the Nashville sound turned country music into a multimillion-dollar industry centered in Nashville, Tennessee.

F.In the 1990s alternative country came to refer to a diverse group of musicians and singers operating outside the traditions and industry of mainstream country music. In general, they understood the high production values and pop outlook of the Nashville-dominated industry to produce music with a lo-fi sound, frequently infused with a strong punk and alternative aesthetic, bending the traditional rules of country music. Lyrics were often bleak, gothic or socially aware.

G.Outside of the US, Canada has the largest country music fan and artist base. Mainstream country music is culturally ingrained in the Maritimes and the prairie provinces: areas with large numbers of rural residents. Australian country music has a long tradition. It has developed a distinct style shaped by British and Irish folk ballads and Australian bush balladeers and is influenced by American country music.

Задание 2

В3

1. Different  modifications
2. Production of aircrafts
3. Museum exhibits.
4. Design and flight characteristics
5. Flight tests
6. Famous battles
7. What is spitfire?
8. The role of spitfire  in World War II

1. Spitfire, the most widely produced and strategically important British single-seat fighter of World War II was also called Supermarine Spitfire. The Spitfire, renowned for winning victory laurels in the Battle of Britain (1940- 41) along with the Hawker Hurricane, served in every theatre of the war and was produced in more variants than any other British aircraft. The Spitfire continued to be used as a front line fighter and in secondary roles into the 1950s. It was produced in greater numbers than any other British aircraft and was the only British fighter in production throughout the war.
2. The Spitfire was a project of Reginald Mitchell. The airplane was a direct descendant of a series of floatplanes. One of these races, the S.6, set a world speed record of 357 miles (574 km) per hour in 1929. The Spitfire first flew in March 1935. It had superb performance and flight characteristics. A more radical design than the Hurricane, the Spitfire had a stressed-skin aluminum structure and a graceful elliptical wing that gave it exceptional performance at high altitudes.
3. In February1936 the director of Vickers-Armstrongs, Sir Robert MacLean, guaranteed production of five aircraft a week. On the 3th of June 1936, the Air Ministry placed an order for 310 aircraft, for a price of £1,395,000. But it quickly became clear that the order could not be completed in the 15 months promised. Supermarine was a small company. Thus the first production Spitfire rolled off the assembly line in mid-1938. It  was flown on the 15th   of May 1938, almost 24 months after the initial order.
4. The Spitfire entered service on the 4th of August 1938. The Spitfire achieved legendary status during the Battle of Britain. The Spitfire continued to play increasingly diverse roles throughout the Second World War. It became the first high- speed photo- reconnaissance aircraft. In 1941 and 1942, Spitfires provided the first photographs of the Freya and Würzburg radar systems.
5. Beginning in late 1943, high- speed trials were undertaken to investigate the handling characteristics of aircraft travelling at speeds near the sound barrier. A Spitfire XI was chosen to take part in these trials. It was during these trials that EN409reached 606 mph. On the 5thof February 1952, the pilot, Flight Lieutenant Ted Powles, was on a routine flight but he climbed to 51,550ft.
6. As its designer, R.J. Mitchell will forever be known for his most famous creation. However, the development of the Spitfire did not cease with his premature death in 1937. Mitchell only lived long enough to see the prototype Spitfire fly. Subsequently a team led by his chief draughtsman, Joe Smith, developed more powerful and capable variants to keep the Spitfire current as a front-line aircraft. All in all there were 24 marks of Spitfire and many subvariants.        
7. There are approximately 50 Spitfires and 2 Seafires in airworthy condition worldwide with another 23 restoration to airworthy projects underway at the time of writing. (2011). There are also examples on static display in many air museums. The most originally restored Spitfire in the world is maintained in airworthy condition at Fantasy of flight in Polk City, Florida.

Задание 3

B3

1. The development of the Internet                      

2. Irrational beliefs or superstitions      

3. An important communication link                

4. Do you like to be bothered with worrying about fashion?

5. A medicinal plant

6. Online game characters

7. Symbolic plants

8. Is graffiti art or crime?

A.Probably it's the most significant development of the "information age". Like the first computers, it was developed by U.S. military and researchers at American universities. It entered mainstream America in the early 1990's and soon millions were surfing the Internet via World Wide Web. The Internet has changed the way we think, live, shop, learn and communicate. People across the country or around the globe can meet and connect online.

B.Many people see graffiti as purely vandalism, but to somebody it's a form of writing, illustration and self-expression. Graffiti has been around for a long time, and was originally used as a voice for political activists and by street gangs to mark territory. The latter brought about a culture of tagging — writing some kind of recognizable signature in urban areas. There is not so much artistic merit in tagging, and it's a big contributor to graffiti's bad name. But sometimes disrespect is shown when good quality artwork is defaced or removed. It is like fishing — means a great deal to the people involved, yet very little to anyone else.

C.A pretty but ordinary-looking plant from Madagascar, the rosy periwinkle has saved countless lives. Traditional healers used it to treat diabetes, and when modern scientists started investigating, they found, almost by chance, that it contained two vital cancer-fighting substances. Some helped increase the chance of children surviving leukemia. Worldwide sales top $75 million a year, but little of this money has found its way back to Madagascar, one of the world's poorest countries.

D.In all civilizations, plants have been viewed as sacred. For example, in Greco-Roman antiquity, the common myrtle was held to be sacred to Venus and was used as an emblem of love in wreaths and other decorations. The aromatic common myrtle is native to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East and is cultivated in southern England and the warmer regions of North America.

E.Amulets or charms have been used for protection in all ages and in all types of human societies; they persist even today in industrial societies, in which they are mass-produced by the most modern methods. The purpose of most amulets is not so much religious as it is for protection against danger, sickness and bad luck. The same is true of talismans, which offer the additional advantage of conferring supernatural power on other people.

F. The society of today is totally fixed on your appearance. Everyday it's like you go through a competition. You feel like everyone is talking about you and rates your daily dress, your new haircut, make-up and so on. The desire to find someone who seems to match your ideals is very high. Many people do everything to look like their idols. They lose their individuality. In this way a "mainstream-human" is born. But all trends are short-lived. So it is no use running after those false ideals and mainstream thinking. Be yourself and don't let others control your life.

G.Sending e-mails or instant messages you are more likely to be in cyberspace. Instant messaging or sending written messages online in real time is a nightly activity for millions of teenagers around the world. Adults do these things, too, but not really as much as teens do. Unlike a one-to-one telephone conversation, instant messaging allows people to "talk" to all their friends at once. Users get immediate feedback — but they also must type quickly, making slang terms and abbreviations.

Задание 4

В3

1. Famous sights
2. Eating out
3. Sporting events
4. Means of transport
5. Pages from history
6. The location of the city
7. Education
8. Population

1. Influence of New York City is seen throughout the world although is not the capital of the United States. Its nickname, `Big Apple`, was given to it by early immigrants because the city seemed so huge and full of promise. It is located at the mouth of the Hudson River and lies on the same territory as the European cities of Naples and Madrid.
2. The Dutch founded the city in 1614, calling it New Amsterdam. However, in 1664 it was captured by the British and renamed New York. The city grew in importance and was the US capital until 1790. During the 19th century it was transformed by immigration and from the early 20th century became a world centre for industry, commerce and communication. With the economic boom came the construction of its skyline of skyscrapers, two of which, the Twin Towers of the World Trade Centre, were destroyed in the attacks of September 11th 2001, when nearly 3,000 people died.
3. New York is the most densely populated and cosmopolitan city in the US with 8, 214, 246 inhabitants speaking 170 languages. 36 % of the city`s population is foreign born. Five of the largest ethnic groups are: Puerto Ricans, Italians, West Indians, Chinese and Irish.
4. One in the three New Yorkers uses public transport to get to work, whereas in the rest of the US 90% of people go by car. The New York City Subway, which is open 24/7, is used by 1,4 billion passengers a year. New York is also home to the famous Grand Central Station, three major airports, and 12,000 distinctive, yellow taxi cabs.
5. The New York Marathon held annually on the first Sunday of November, is the largest marathon of the world. It attracts 37,000 runners. However, many New Yorkers prefer a less energetic jog round Central Park. New Yorkers are also keen baseball fans. The two most popular teams are The New York Yankees and The New York Mets.
6. About 40 million tourists visit New York City each year. Major attractions include the Empire State Building, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Times Square, Central Park and, of course, the luxury shops along the Fifth Avenue. If you are fond of theatres, you can find a lot of them on Broad Way.
7. Tourist are also attracted by the incredible variety of places to eat, from diners with their burgers, bagels and pizza, to many of the finest haute cuisine restaurants in the US, and forgetting the Grand Central Oyster Bar, and the streaming hotdogs sold on every street corner. It is often called `The city that never sleeps` because there is so much to do and see.

Задание 5

В3

1. Flying dragons
2. Asian dragons
3. European legends
4. The origin of the name
5. Dragons in the 20th century
6. Dragons in cartography
7. Dragons’ appearance
8. Greek mythology

1. Animals with a body like a huge lizard or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs emitting fire from their mouths are known as dragons in modern times. The European dragon has bat-type wings growing from its back. A dragon-like creature with no front legs is known as a wyvern. Following discovery of how pterosaurs walked on the ground, some dragons have been portrayed without front legs and using the wings as front legs pterosaur-fashion when on the ground. They are sometimes portrayed as having especially large eyes or watching treasure very diligently, a feature that is the origin of the word dragon (Greek drakein  meaning  “to see clearly”).
2. The word dragon entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French dragon, which in turn comes from Latin draconem (nominative draco) meaning “huge serpent, dragon” from the Greek word бракwv, drakon (genitive drakontos,) “serpent, giant seafish”, which is believed to have come from an earlier stem drak -, a stem of derkesthai, “to see clearly,” from Proto-Indo-European derk – “to see” or “the one with the (deadly) glance.” The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century.
3. The earliest depiction of the oriental dragon was the Chinese dragon with examples dating back to the 16th century BC. Archaeologist Zhou Chong –Fa believes that the Chinese word for dragon is an imitation of the sound thunder makes. The Chinese name for dragon is pronounced “long” in Mandarin Chinese or “luhng” in the Cantonese. Sometime after the 9th century AD, Japan adopted the Chinese dragon through the spread of Buddhism.
4. In Ancient Greece the first mention of a “dragon” is derived from the Iliad where Agamemnon is described as having a blue dragon motif on his sword belt and a three-headed dragon emblem on his breast plate. However, the Greek word used could also mean “snake”. In 217 A.D., Flavius Philostratus discussed dragons in India in The Life of Apollonius of Tyana. The Loeb Classical Library translation mentions that “In most respects the tusks resemble the largest swine’s, but they are slighter in build and twisted, and have a point as unabraded as sharks’ teeth.”
5. European dragons exist in folklore and mythology among the overlapping cultures of Europe. Dragons are generally depicted as living in rivers or having an underground lair or cave. They are commonly described as having hard or armoured hide, and are rarely described as flying, despite often depicted with wings. Dragons are usually depicted as malevolent though there are exceptions (such as Y Ddraig Goch, the Red Dragon of Wales).
6. In the early 20th century sculpture of the Norwegian artist Gustav Vigeland, inspired by Medieval art, dragons are a frequent theme – as symbols of sin but also as a nature force, fighting against man. There are numerous examples of dragons in modern media, especially the fantasy genre. In the 1937 fantasy novels by J.R.R. Tolkien, later in the Harry Potter novels by J.K. Rowling depict dragons.
7. There is a widespread belief that earlier cartographers used the Latin phrase hic suntdracones, i.e., “the dragons are here”, or “here be dragons”, to denote dangerous or unexplored territories, in imitation of the infrequent medieval practice of putting sea serpents and other mythological creatures in blank areas of maps. However, the only known use of this phrase is in the Latin form “HC SVNT DRACONES” on the Lenox Globe.

Задание 6

В3

1. Worldlanguage                                                     

2. Media and communication          

3. City lifestyle                                                            

4. English in schools

5. Diverse population

6. Leisure and pastime

7. Environmental issues

8. Countryside

A. Speaking English gives people many privileges in society. It is possible to communicate

successfully with those who don’t know your mother tongue. In order to possess these

privileges school teachers introduce six hours of learning English a week for all Russian

schools. Learning English should become more intensive to make Russian citizens more

communicative.

B.The USA is often called a melting pot – a total mix of races and nationalities. In fact, the  

same could be said of Britain, except this process took far longer. The British today are

the result of wave after wave of conquest, migration and mixing. Now there are people

of all colours and races in the UK. They are mostly former inhabitants of the former British colonies.

C.Lately, people have been moving into suburbs, smaller tows and the country. Villages,

farms and cottages, which used to be full of agricultural workers, are now the homes of people who drive to their offices in cities. So Britain remains one of the most urbanized countries in the world, with nine in ten of the population living in towns or cities.

D. The poet William Blake wrote 200 years ago of “ England’s green and pleasant land.”

In spite of their mainly urban lives, this image is still strong in British people imagination. They love their countryside and watch hours of wildlife programmes on TV every week. Some of the first environmental organisations in the world started in Britain. The British managed to defeat the London smog: replacing coal by oil and gas. And they are rather proud of this achievement.

E. English is very popular nowadays. It’s the language of computers, science, business and

politics. English is an amazing language, the language of great literature. Half of the world’s scientific literature is published in English. Nearly half of the world’s business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It’s the language of sports and glamour, being the official language of the Olympic Games. English is the official voice of the air and the sea.

F .Visitors to Britain are often surprised by the titles of the magazines. Some of them are  

extremely specialized and lots of them are of new technology. The British are also great newspaper readers. An almost universal British custom, going for a walk, is another surprising fact. This means healthy exercise in the open air with lots of natural life to study on the way. In the city walkers will look for any little bit of park or canal bank.

G.The Cotwolds are green hills in agricultural country to the west of England. A mixture of small fields separated by old – dry stone walls and lines of trees makes this a perfect  example of raditional rural area. Farming is balanced with cattle and sheep and small spots of   woods. Many farms, houses and churches, like the walls dividing the fields are built of local honey – coloured stone. Villages with climbing roses around the doors of the cottages are small and beautifully kept.

Задание 7

В3

1. Water sports
2. Sightseeing of islands
3. Tourist living conditions
4. Possible changes in the future
5. Religion and culture
6. A new tourist attraction
7. Flora of islands
8. Geography

1. The Maldives has more than 1,000 islands, which are about 400 miles west of Sri Lanka and whose southern islands cross the equator. Indian traders, Phoenicians, Egyptians, Chinese, Greeks, Romans and Arabs all became a part of the Maldives` history as their ships made their way through the dangerous waters and coral reefs. The majority of those who settled was shipwrecked there and must have grown to love the great beauty and peace of the place.
2. Today only 200 of the islands are inhabited, most of them divided between tourists and local people, whose life is based on fishing and coconut trees has remained unchanged for centuries. On some you may see Buddhist temples or Hindu shrines that were built before the 12th century, when the islanders became Muslims. As a result of the Islamic culture, there are beautiful Arabic carvings that you can find in unexpected corners of old villages.
3. The Maldives are now one of the West`s most popular tourist destinations but, depending on the island you choose, it can still be easy to get away from the crowd. Professional divers come to these clear waters for the 320 different kinds of coral, many of which exist nowhere else in the world. But if you have never been scuba-diving or snorkeling before, you will be more astonished by the 3,200 different species of fish, some of them swim up to you and nibble your hands.
4. On land huge trees somehow manage to survive in this thin soil that has grown up over hundreds of years from broken coral. In the midday sun coconut trees throw shade over white sand, and as evening falls, you can hear only the sounds of gentle waves. You also can see amazing flowers everywhere on the different islands.
5. Most of the hotels have been built on islands that were uninhabited for years. However, the guest bungalows, restaurants provide Westerners with high level of comfort and luxury. The accommodation is also very different from the other places, but anyway you can relax there the best.
6. But for an outsider to get a taste of the Maldives beyond their natural beauty, they should visit the island of Gun, only recently opened to tourists. Here a short bicycle ride takes you through areas where whole families are at work collecting coconuts. The people living here are not pure – the shops are full of goods, and every house has electricity.
7. Go to the Maldives before mass tourism changes them too much; and go before global warming causes sea levels to rise and causes these 1000 islands to sink beneath the Indian Ocean and once again become a part of the coral reefs they came from when volcanoes erupted under the sea millions of years ago.

Задание 8

В3

1. Learning by listening
2. A dictionary for different purposes
3. Radio as a source   of learning
4. Main language skills
5. Listening alongside home activities
6. How babies learn
7. Various types of dictionaries
8. Choosing a good dictionary

1. There are four skills in learning a language, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing. They are always related in terms of usage, and speaking is viewed by learners as the most desirable skill in face-to-face communication in the globalization era. What do you have to do before you can speak? What does a child learn before he talks? Listen, of course!
2. Naturally, children begin listening to their parents when they are babies. They are often greeted, spoken to and admired without any response expected. Though nobody knows if  the baby understands the spoken words, the process continues. Children automatically acquire   such language over some time. That leads to speaking skill which is quite applicable to daily conversation.
3. In learning English, listening can help to improve speaking considerably. Although it is the first of all skills, it is neither the easiest nor the most meaningless. We need to hear various types of English repeatedly and continuously if we want to communicate properly, meaningfully and naturally.
4. When listening, we are reviewing a   lot of English usage such as vocabulary, grammatical structures, information, accent etc. We can learn new words and expressions by hearing them frequently. We can imitate what we hear and apply it with great confidence. Listening can be a good «hobby» while we do other things such as cooking, ironing, exercising, relaxing etc. In other words, we have no wasted time at all.
5. Nowadays, radio cassette recorders are household appliances, but we often overlook their radio function. We can experience English language radio programmes almost anywhere   in the world. They are usually picked up on FM bands and aired particularly for foreigners. Short wave radio programmes are another option. Two of the most easily found English language broadcasters are the BBC and Voice of America. Today you can even access them by Internet.
6. A good dictionary will be your guide to English. It will teach you new words, how to pronounce them, and how to use them. It will help you understand English texts. Successful English learners use their dictionaries all the time: when reading books, at English classes, when writing e- mail, when doing homework, when surfing the Web.
7. Monolingual   dictionaries are simply more advanced products. The best dictionaries from the top publishers (like Longman, Oxford or Collins) are monolingual. And the best monolingual dictionaries are far ahead of the best bilingual dictionaries- they have more example sentences, more accurate pronunciation, phrasal verbs and idioms. If you read them regularly, you will automatically memorize the grammar and the words.
8. If possible, get a software dictionary instead of a paper one. Software dictionaries let you look up words very quickly. Typing a word in your keyboard is much faster than turning pages in a large, heavy book. In many software dictionaries, you can listen to recording which show you how to pronounce a word. So, using such dictionaries is more convenient.                         

Задание 9

B3

1        Carrace

2        Realpleasure

3        Favouritetoy

4        Seriousproblems

5        Helpfulmachine

6        Differenttoys

7        Unusualcar

8        Noble Gift

Задание 10

В3

1. St. Patrick and the Western world
2. Traditional colour
3. St. Patrick’s influence on learning
4. A curious souvenir
5. Protection from enemies
6. The founder of Christianity in Ireland
7. St. Patrick’s miracles
8. The symbol of Ireland

1. St. Patrick, Patron saint of Ireland, was a real man who was born around 389 AD and died probably in 461. He studied in European monasteries and after several years was sent back to Ireland as a bishop. There he spent the rest of his life teaching the people of Ireland to read and write while converting them to Christianity: tried to combine old customs with new meanings. Still, his life was in constant danger because there were always people who didn’t want to change.
2. However, as time went on he was loved more and more. During his life-time Patrick’s fame as a teacher and missionary spend throughout the Western world. During the Dark Ages, when education and arts had almost disappeared in Europe, St. Patrick’s teaching kept learning alive in Ireland. The country became known as the ‘Island of Saints and Scholars’.
3. There are a lot of stories about amazing things St. Patrick is supposed to have done. It’s said that once he escaped from his enemies by turning himself and his companies into deer. Another story tells how one of his friends was saved from fire because he was wearing Patrick’s robe. The most famous legends are about how Patrick drove all the snakes out of Ireland because he had cast a magic spell on them.
4. While the legends about St. Patrick feats are fun and interesting to hear, the truth about him is what made him a great and famous man. Almost singlehandedly he saved the fundamentals of civilization for the Western world. And it is through him that Ireland has its old traditions of scholarship and literature.
5. Ireland is known as the Emerald Isle because of the lush green colour of the landscape. Its mild, moist climate is ideal for vegetation and type of clover called shamrock grows everywhere. This three-leafed plant has become a symbol of Irish heritage and many people wear green shamrocks on SA. Patrick’s Day in March, 17.
6. In fact, green is colour everywhere associated with St. Patrick’s Day; both in United States and in Ireland, people wear something green on this holiday. At one time, a person who wasn’t wearing green on ST. Patrick’s Day got a little pinch (=pick at) from anyone who caught him or her.
7. There is also a funny custom to make or buy ‘ST. Patrick’s snake’ on this day. You might not want to have a real snake hissing in your room, but a cute stiffed toy will be lovely. It’ll stay where you put it any guard you against draughts on cold, windy nights. The snake can fill the gaps under your door or a window and keep you from getting chilled. That’s why it is called ‘the chill-chaser’. If you have your green St. Patrick’s snake the holidays keeps going all the year round.

Задание 11

В3

1. It was difficult to be beautiful
2. Attractive eyes
3. The modern standard of beauty
4. Different views on beauty
5. A gentleman of the past
6. An example to follow
7. The fatter the better
8. Unusual beauties

1. Cindy Crawford, a supermodel in the 1990s was the perfect American dream girl: slim tanned and natural – looking, with long, shiny hair. People have described her as `The face of the decade`. A lot of girls all over the world dreamt to look like her and did everything to realize their dreams.
2. But people have not always had the same idea about beauty. Until the 1920s, suntans were for poor people, `ladies` stayed out of the sun to keep their faces as pale as possible. In the times of Queen Elizabeth I of England fashionable ladies even painted their faces with lead to make them white – a very dangerous habit, since lead is poisonous.
3. And people in the eighteen century would not have thought much of Cindy Crawford`s hair! Ladies in those days never went out without their wigs, which were so enormous and dirty that it was quite common to find mice living in them. As for the `perfect beauties` painted by Rubens in the 17th century, if they wanted to be supermodels today, they would need to spend months on a diet!
4. Ideas of beauty can be very different according to where you live in the world, too. For the Paduang tribe in South East Asia, traditionally, the most important sign of female beauty was a long neck. So at the age of five and six girls received their first neck ring, and each year they added new rings. By the time they were old enough to marry; their necks were about twenty five centimeters long.
5. And what about the ideal man? If you ask people today to name an attractive man, most of them would mention someone like James Bond, Harrison Ford; someone tall and athletic, brave and `manly`. Of course, beautiful charming smile is also very important.
6. In the 18th century however, `manliness` was very different from what it is today. As well as wearing wigs, perfume and lots of make-up, a true gentleman showed that he had feelings by crying frequently in public. According to one story, when the British Prime Minister, Lord Spencer Percival< came to give King George IV some bad news, both men set down and cried!
7. And even now, Games Bond might not find it so easy to attract women if he visited the Dinka tribe of Sudan! They have always believed in the saying that `big is beautiful`. Traditionally, each year, men compete to win the title of `the fattest man`. The winner is sure to find a wife quickly; for a Dinka woman, if a man is fat, it is also the sign that he is rich and powerful!

Задание 12

B3

1. Parts of the body                                        

2. Regional English                                        

3. Sport                                                          

4. Shopping for clothes  

5. Body Language

6. Fashion

7. Language Development

8. Manners

A.    People are taught to say “thank you” or “thanks” when somebody has given them something or done something for them. In a shop many British people say “thank you” several times at the checkout, when the operator tells them the total cost of their goods and when he or she gives them their change or gives back their credit cards.

B.      During World War 1 women began wearing  shorter skirts and bared their legs. Soon they began wearing trousers. Men’s suits became looser and were worn with a long tie. During the 1960s women wore miniskirts. Jeans and T-shirts became popular with both men and women.

C.    Many people in Britain buy their clothes in chain stores or department stores. There is a traditional department store, Marks & Spencer, which is popular with people of all ages. To the British, clothes here are typical of the middle range: they are neither cheap nor expensive, fairly good quality and rather conservative.

D.    Some words and phrases used in cricket have become idioms with a wider use. An unfair action may be described as “not cricket”, because cricket is used to be thought of as a gentleman’s sport and high standards of behavior were expected from players. The idiom is rather old-fashioned, because the language is always changing, but it is still used humorously.

E.      Modern dialects come from Old English. The Old East Midlands dialect later became standard English, while others became dialects spoken today in various parts of Britain. Most British people can recognize Cockney, a London dialect of the working class. The northern Geordie dialect shares many features with Scottish English.

F.      A finger held to the lips means “Be quiet!” If you stick your fingers in your ears, you cannot stand the noise of something. Lifting the arm is used to attract attention. People clap their hands to show they are pleased about something. If you stand with your hands on your hips, you are angry. Children stick their tongues to show they do not like somebody, but this is rude.

G.   Our team won after a long and breath-taking fight. The only goal was scored at the 82nd minute of the match by the young halfback Sean Smorret.

Задания на лексику и грамматику

Задание 1

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Задание 7

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Задание 9

Задание 10

Задание 11

Задание 12