Практическое пособие по теме "British food"
методическая разработка (английский язык) по теме

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации

Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение

Средняя общеобразовательная школа № 3

с углубленным изучением отдельных предметов

СБОРНИК ТЕКСТОВ И УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

по теме «British Food»

ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

Учитель второй категории:

Т.С. Ткаченко

Фрязино 2012

П Р Е Д И С Л О В И Е

В связи с происходящим расширением сотрудничества во всех сферах человеческой деятельности, а также в процессе адаптации личности к социокультурному многообразию мира все более высокие требования стали предъявляться к овладению иностранным языкам как средством межкультурного общения. Процесс овладения иностранным языком дает возможность ребенку приобщиться к иноязычной культуре. Освоение иноязычной культуры предполагает приобретение знаний  о различных областях жизни страны изучаемого языка, воспитание позитивного отношения к стране и ее народу, развитие умений социокультурного общения и формирование мотивации к дальнейшему овладению языком.

Изучение иностранного языка позволяет обогатить свои знания в общении с представителями различных стран и культур, укрепить экономические и культурные связи нашей страны с зарубежными государствами. При изучении ИЯ широкое распространение приобретает коммуникативный подход, проявляющийся в наибольшей степени в обучении диалогической речи. Благодаря коммуникативному подходу возможна подготовка учеников к спонтанному общению на ИЯ. При этом особая роль в обучении отводится социокультурному компоненту как фактору, который обуславливает использование языка в конкретных ситуациях. Использование материалов социокультурного характера при изучении ИЯ в значительной степени обогащает воспитательный и мотивационный потенциалы учебного предмета, помогает эффективно осваивать его, способствует развитию у школьников интереса к стране изучаемого языка. Не владея социокультурной информацией, учащиеся в процессе иноязычного общения могут допустить социокультурные ошибки, или же такое общение может не состояться. Этот факт объясняет необходимость приобщения социокультурного материала при обучении иностранному языку.

Для эффективности восприятия социокультурного материала, его подачу следует организовать в виде сформулированных проблем или иллюстрированной наглядности, поскольку для учителей наиболее важной является разработка социокультурных заданий и отбор вербального и невербального материала для соответствующих социокультурных ситуаций.  

 Данная работа по теме «British Food» представляет собой практическое пособие, предназначенное для использования на практике в школе, как молодыми учителями, так и учителями, которые имеют достаточный опыт в обучении школьников английскому языку на старшем  этапе, студентами во время прохождения педагогической практики, а также преподавателями вузов на факультетах неязыкового профиля.

Данное пособие состоит из 3 разделов:

тест на знание социокультурной информации о стране, стартовый и завершающий тесты;

оригинальные тексты на английском языке, отобранные из аутентичных источников;

серия упражнений для обучения диалогической речи на примере темы «British Food» для учащихся старших классов общеобразовательной школы и студентов младших курсов неязыковых специальностей.

Раздел А

Тест на знание социокультурной информации о стране

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

1. Which one is the official name of the country?

a) England

b) Great Britain

c) The United Kingdom oа Great Britain and Northern Ireland

2.  What channel separates the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the continent?

a) North Channel

b) English Channel

c) St. George’s Channel

3. What seas is the UK washed by?

a) North Sea

b) Irish Sea

c) Caribbean Sea

4. How many countries does the UK consist of?

a) 3

b) 4

c) 2

5. Match the country of the UK and its capital:

2. England
3. Wales
4. Northern Ireland
5. Scotland

1. Belfast
2. Edinburgh
3. London
4. Cardiff

6. Which is the highest mountain in the UK?

a) Cape Horn

b) Ben Nevis

c) Everest

7. What are the most important rivers for the UK?

a) the Thames

b) the Ohio

c) the Severn

8. Who rules Britain officially?

a) the Queen

b) Prime Minister

c) the King

9. How many chambers does the British Parliament have?

a) 3

b) 5

c) 2

1. The capital of the UK is:

a) Dublin

b) London

c) Newcastle

2. Who rebuilt St. Paul’s Cathedral?

a) Edward the Confessor

b) Lord Mayor

c) Sir Christopher Wren

3. Traditionally London is divided into … parts.

a) 6

b) 4

c) 3

4. The Tower has served as …

a) citadel

b) palace

c) prison

14. What is Buckingham Palace famous for?  

a) It is the biggest museum in London

b) It is the Queen’s official London residence.

c) There are memorials to Wellington and Nelson.

15. Match the name of the famous English writer and his work:

1) J. Swift

2) R. Burns

3) J. London

4) G. Chaucer

a) “The Canterbury Tales”              

b) “Martin Eden”

c) “My heart’s in the Highlands”

d) “Gulliver’s Travels”

16. What holiday do the English celebrate on October, 31?

a) Boxing day

b) Halloween

c) Thanksgiving day

17. For breakfast Englishman always have …

a) porridge

b) haggis

c) omelet

18. Who sits in the British Parliament on a wool-sack covered with red cloth?

a) the Queen

b) the Lord-Chancellor

c) Prime Minister

19. According to the tradition the faces of Big Ben are light when …

a) New Year comes

b) the weather changes

c) the Parliament works

20. What park is the most famous in London?

a) Kensington Gardens

b) St. Jame’s Park

c) Hyde Park

Ответы к тесту:

1-c

2-b

3-a, b

4-b

5-1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b

6-b

7-a, c

8-a

9-c

10-b

11-c

12-b

13-a, b, c,

14-b

15-1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

16-b

17-a

18-b

19-c

20-c

Стартовый тест

What do you know about British meals?

1. How many meals do the British people have?

2. What is a traditional British breakfast?

3. Marmalade is made from: a) oranges and jam b) oranges c) pears d) other fruit

4. What is the most popular drink in Britain?

5. Your friend lives in Great Britain. He writes you about British tea tradition. What do you think you will read about this tradition?

6. What do you know about eating out in Great Britain?

7. How did John Sandwich become famous? What did he do?

8. What is Yorkshire pudding?

9. What is hot dog?

10. What do you know about British pubs?

11. How do British eating habits differ from Russian habits?

Завершающий тест

What do you know about British meals?

1. How many meals a day do the British people have? What is a traditional British breakfast?

2. How did English tea appear?

3. What do you know about tea tradition in Britain?

4. What British national dishes do you know?

5. What can you say about historical roots of the British pubs?

6. What is a ploughman's lunch?

7. Do you agree that British people become more cosmopolitan in their eating habits? Prove it.

8. Where can people eat out in Britain?

9. What kind of English cheese do you know?

10. What is a take away?

11. What is a black pudding?

Раздел Б

Тексты по теме «British Food»

Typical traditional English dishes

Traditional English dishes have had competition from other dishes over the years. Despite this, if you visit England, you will still be served up the traditional foods English people have been eating for years. This page contains some of our most popular traditional dishes.

Yorkshire Pudding is not eaten as a dessert like other puddings but as a part of the main course. Yorkshire pudding, made from flour, eggs and milk, is a sort of batter baked in the oven and usually moistened with gravy. 

Fish and chips - fish (cod, haddock, huss, plaice) deep fried in flour batter with chips (fried potatoes), dressed in malt vinegar. This is England's traditional take-away food or as US would say "to go". Fish and chips are not normally home cooked but bought at a fish and chip shop ("chippie") to eat on premises or as a "take away".

Ploughman's Lunch - a piece of cheese, a bit of pickle and pickled onion, and a chunk of bread. This dish is served in pubs. 

Shepherds Pie - a pie made with minced lamb and vegetables topped with mashed potato and grated cheese. 

Toad-in-the-Hole - sausages covered in batter and roasted.                  

Roly-poly - a pudding made of jam or fruit rolled up in pastry dough and baked or steamed until soft.

Lancashire hotpot - lamb and black pudding slow cooked in a covered casserole with sliced potatoes layered on top. 

Jellied eels - an East End delicacy often sold with pie and mash.

Marmite is a dark brown-colored savory spread made from the yeast that is a by product of the brewing industry. It has a very strong, slightly salty flavour. It is definitely a love-it-or-hate-it type of food.

Black Pudding looks like a black sausage. It is made from dried pig's blood and fat and eaten at breakfast time. There are hundreds of variations of sweet puddings in England but each pudding begins with the same basic ingredients of milk, sugar, eggs, flour and butter. Many of the puddings involve fresh fruit such as raspberries or strawberries, custard, cream, and cakes.

Spotted Dick or Spotted Dog is a traditional British dessert made of suet pastry and dried fruit - namely currants. And therein lies the first clue - the  currants are the 'spots'. Secondly, the suet pastry is rolled Swiss or American Jelly roll style - that represents the "dog".

Trifle is made with layers of sponge cake alternate with custard, jam or fruit and whipped cream. Sometimes alcohol-soaked sponge cake is used.

Semolina Pudding - a smooth, creamy pudding. Semolina is cooked slowly in milk, sweetened with sugar and flavoured with vanilla and sometimes enriched with egg. Semolina pudding can be served with raisins, currants or sultanas stirred in or with a dollop of jam.

In search of good British food

How come it is so difficult to find English food in England? In Greece you eat Greek food, in France French food, in Italy Italian food, but in England, in any High Street in the land, it is easier to find Indian and Chinese restaurants than English ones. In London you can eat Portuguese, Turkish, Japanese, Russian, Polish, Swiss, Swedish, Spanish, and Italian — but where are the English restaurants?

It is not only in restaurants that foreign dishes are replacing traditional British food. In every supermarket, sales of pasta, pizza and poppadoms are booming. Why has this happened? What is wrong with the cooks of Britain that they prefer cooking pasta to potatoes? Why do the British choose to eat lasagne instead of shepherd's pie? Why do they now like cooking in wine and olive oil? But perhaps it is a good thing. After all we can get ingredients from all over the world in just a few hours. Anyway, wasn't English food always disgusting and tasteless? Wasn’t it always boiled to death and swimming in fat? The answer to these questions is a resounding "No", but to understand this, we have to go back to before World War II.

The British have in fact always imported food from abroad. From the time of the Roman invasion foreign trade was a major influence on British cooking. English kitchens, like the English language, absorbed ingredients from all over the world — chickens, rabbits, apples, and tea. All of these and more were successfully incorporated into British dishes. Another important influence on British cooking was of course the weather. The good old British rain gives us rich soil and green grass, and means that we are able to produce some of the finest varieties of meat, fruit and vegetables, which don't need fancy sauces or complicated recipes to disguise their taste.

However, World War II changed everything. Wartime women had to forget 600 years of British cooking, learn to do without foreign imports, and ration their use of home-grown food.

The Ministry of Food published cheap, boring recipes. The joke of the war was a dish called Woolton Pie (named after the Minister for Food!) This consisted of a mixture of boiled vegetables covered in white sauce with mashed potato on the top. Britain never managed to recover from the wartime attitude to food. We were left with a loss of confidence in our cooking skills and after years of Ministry recipes we began to believe that British food was boring, and we searched the world for sophisticated, new dishes which gave hope of a better future. The British people became tourists at their own dining tables and in the restaurants of their land! This is a tragedy! Surely food is as much a part of our culture as our landscape, our language, and our literature. Nowadays, cooking British food is like speaking a dead language. It is almost as bizarre a having as having a conversation in Anglo-Saxon English!

However, there is still one small ray of hope. British pubs are often the best places to eat well and cheaply in Britain, and they also increasingly try to serve tasty British food. Can we recommend to you our two favourite places to eat in Britain? The Shepherd's Inn in Melmerby, Cumbria, and the Dolphin Inn in Kingston, Devon. Their steak and mushroom pie, Lancashire hotpot, and bread and butter pudding are three of the gastronomic wonders of the world!

British meals

The first meal of the day in the morning is breakfast (usually eaten between about 7:30 and 9:00). Many British people eat toast with butter or margarine and jam, marmalade (a type of jam made from oranges) or marmite. Melon, grapefruit or fruit cocktails are popular. Others eat a bowl of cereal; for example, cornflakes or muesli with milk, or porridge (a mixture of oats, hot milk and sugar). A traditional English breakfast (also known as a cooked breakfast or a fry-up) is a cooked meal which may contain food such as sausages, bacon, kippers (herring -a type of fish which has been covered in salt and smoked), black pudding, scrambled or fried or poached egg, mushrooms, fried tomatoes, baked beans, and toast. People sometimes eat a boiled egg, dipping (dunking) strips of toast (soldiers) into the egg yolk. A continental breakfast is a small meal and is not cooked; for example, a bread roll or croissant with cheese or ham and a cup of coffee. The most common drinks at this time of day are orange juice or a cup of breakfast tea.

Many people have a tea-break at about 11:00 in the morning (elevenses). If a meal is eaten in the late morning instead of both breakfast and lunch, it is called brunch.

Lunch (sometimes called more formally luncheon) is the meal eaten in the middle of the day (usually between about 12:30 and 2:00). Many people eat a sandwich (also known as a butty or sarnie in some parts of the UK). Some people have a simple meal such as cheese and biscuits or soup and bread. A ploughman's lunch is a traditional lunch for farmers: a bread roll, Cheddar cheese, Branston pickle and salad, perhaps with a pork pie. It is also traditional for people to go to a pub with some friends for a pub lunch and a drink.

A Sunday roast is a traditional meal eaten by a family at Sunday lunchtime; for example, roast beef with roast potatoes, parsnips, peas, Brussels sprouts, green beans, Yorkshire pudding, bread sauce and gravy. Mint sauce or redcurrant jelly is often eaten with lamb, apple sauce with pork, and horseradish sauce (a type of mustard) with beef, cranberry sauce with turkey. Stuffing may be eaten with chicken or turkey.

Tea-time is a small meal eaten in the late afternoon (usually between about 3:30 and 5:00). People may drink tea, and often eat biscuits (American English: cookies), cakes or savoury foods such as sandwiches, crumpets or tea-cakes. Occasionally people may have a full afternoon tea or a cream tea: this includes a scone with jam and cream (usually either whipped cream or thick clotted cream) as well as a selection of sandwiches and cakes.

High tea is a light meal eaten in the early evening (for example, 6 o'clock) served with a pot of tea; this is popular in north England and Scotland.  Supper is the most common name for the meal eaten in the evening (usually between 7:00 and 8:30). Dinner is another common name for supper, but sometimes it is also used to refer to lunch, especially when this is the main meal of the day. A dinner party is a formal evening meal to which guests have been invited. A common type of cooked meal in Britain is meat and two veg. This is a meat dish served together on the same plate with two types of vegetable, one of which is often a type of potato. It is common to eat a dessert (also known as a pudding, or informally as afters) after the main dish.

It is increasingly popular for British people to get a takeaway or go to a restaurant instead of cooking at home, and often this is used as a chance to try different types of food. Most towns have an Indian restaurant, serving foods such as curry and chicken tikka masala. Chinese restaurants are also very common; popular dishes include sweet and sour pork and aromatic duck. Many people like Italian pizza and pasta dishes. Fast food restaurants often serve beefburgers or fried chicken. Fish and chip shops are still popular, especially in towns by the coast. There is an old tradition of eating fish on Friday.

British people enjoy eating snacks between meals. These include sweets and crisps.

British tea drinking customs

Britain is a tea-drinking nation. Every day they drink 165 million cups of the stuff and each year around 144 thousand tons of teas are imported. Tea in Britain is traditionally brewed in a warmed china teapot. Most Britons like their tea strong and dark, but with a lot of milk. Years ago the milk was poured into the cup first, so as not to crack the porcelain.

afternoon tea

Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford is often credited with the invention of the tradition of afternoon tea in the early 1840's. Traditionally dinner was not served until 8:30 or 9:00 in the evening and the Duchess often became hungry, especially in the summer when dinner was served even later. She ordered a small meal of bread, butter, and other niceties, such as cakes, tarts, and biscuits, to be brought secretly to her boudoir. When she was exposed she was not ridiculed, as she had feared, but her habit was caught on and the concept of a small meal, of niceties and perhaps tea, became popular and eventually known as "afternoon tea". Obviously the origins of the well known British tradition of afternoon tea cannot be credited to only one woman, but evolved over a period of time, as many cultural customs do.

Women were first introduced to tea on a wide scale when Lyon's tea house opened and not only served women tea, but even hired stylish young women to serve it. This provided a place for women, accompanied by a male escort, to go and visit with one another in an acceptable atmosphere. Women were also served tea in the London tea gardens of the early 1730's. Tea gardens were outdoor gardens with flowered walks and music for dancing.

They opened in April or May and remained open throughout the summer until August or September.  Tea was not the only beverage served, but was one of the most commonly drunk. Unlike Lyon's tea house, tea gardens were not public places. One had to pay to get in, and the working class was not admitted.

In 1819 the Tea Dance became popular, and continued through World War II. Friends and acquaintances gathered between 5:00 and 6:30 p.m., and table and chairs would be set up around a dance floor. Tea and snacks were served at the tables while others danced. It was perhaps the Tea Dance, and not the Duchess of Bedford's afternoon snacks, that were the direct precursor to the tradition of afternoon tea, although the Duchess may have been one of the first to hold afternoon teas.

high tea

For the working and farming communities, afternoon tea became high tea. As the main meal of the day, high tea was a cross between the delicate afternoon meal enjoyed in the ladies' drawing rooms and the dinner enjoyed in houses of the gentry at seven or eight in the evening. With the meats, bread and cakes served at high tea, hot tea was taken.

tea breaks

Tea breaks are traditions which have been with British people for approximately 200 years. Initially when workers commenced their day at around 5 or 6 a.m., employers allowed a break in the morning when food and tea were served. Some employers repeated the break in the afternoon as well.

How the sandwich came to the world

In 1762 there was a very famous politician. Everybody knew about him because he enjoyed playing cards very much. He didn't even want to stop playing to eat a meal. So he invented a quick meal. He ate nothing but slices of bread with pieces of meat inside. His name was John Sandwich. The English name for a sandwich comes from this man. 

Sandwiches were great favourites in Victorian England. It was a tradition to take afternoon tea and many rich families ate sandwiches at that time. Cucumber sandwiches were very popular. The servants always cut the crusts of the bread, so the sandwiches were very small and delicate.

Sandwiches are less elegant now and often much bigger. The English eat millions of sandwiches every day. They are a typical snack meal because they are easy to prepare. There are thousands of "sandwich bars" and cafes and even some restaurants sell them.

Hot dog

This food of a sausage in a long bread roll is popular in many countries. Long thin sausages come from Frankfurt in Germany. They are called "frankfurters". Put one in bread, and it becomes a hot dog. Why hot dog?

Many years ago a caricaturist draw a picture in a newspaper. In the picture he compared the sausage in a long roll with a long thin German dog, a dachshund. Laughing he called the food hot dog and didn't think that the name would become popular.

Eating out in London

Today Britain is a multi-racial society and there is a wide variety of shops and restaurants selling or serving dishes from all around the world. In all the main cities you can find Indian, Chinese, Japanese and other oriental restaurants as well as European ones like French, Greeks, Swedish and so on. Many people like experimenting with international dishes and they go to ethnic shops to buy the special ingredients.

Dining out in London is like eating your way round the world. From top quality traditional French food at Chez Gerard to trendy burger joints like the legendary Hard Rock Cafe and Planet Hollywood, London's restaurants are many and varied. Quality carveries, sushi bars, Indian curry houses, English tea shops. Spanish tapas bars. French creperies, Italian ... The list is endless.

For a more down-to-earth experience order a ploughman's lunch or a pastie at an English pub. If you fancy seafood try fish and chips from a takeaway or cockles, whelks and eels from the shellfish stalls. For a complete contrast take an English tea in the ornate surroundings of the Ritz or the Savoy, where liveried staff bring you silver pots, china cups, and a selection of sandwiches, scones, cream and jam. For a view of the river, book a meal on a floating restaurant or a river boat, or try one of London's celebrated new eateries, like Le Pont de la Tour by Tower Bridge or the River Cafe in Hammersmith.

Public houses

If you want to see what real life in Britain is all about, you have to go to the pub. Pub-going is by far the most popular native pastime. The pub is a central part of British life and culture. If you haven't been to a pub, you haven't seen Britain. "Pub" is short for "Public House". The publican opens part of his or her 'house' to the public - a bit like giving a party in your own home every day! This is why the publican is often called the 'host'. The home-like qualities of the British pub are perhaps why tourists often find British pubs more cozy and welcoming than bars and cafes in other parts of the world.

Visitors to Britain are bewitched by pubs, but they are often bothered and bewildered by the unwritten rules of pub etiquette. This is not surprising: the variety and complexity of pub customs and rituals can be equally daunting for inexperienced British pubgoers.

Experienced native pubgoers obey the unspoken rules, but without being conscious of doing so. Regulars will mutter and grumble when an uninitiated tourist commits a breach of pub etiquette, but may well be unable to tell him exactly what rule he has broken.

You will rarely see the word "pub" anywhere on a British pub, and British traditional curtains and frosted windows mean you cannot see much from the outside, so how can the uninitiated first-time visitor tell that he or she is looking at a pub, rather than a restaurant, coffee shop or night-club? There is one important external feature which can tell you that it is a pub: the pub-sign.

The sign usually displays both the name of the pub and a pictorial representation of the name. For example, a pub called "The Red lion" will have a sign showing the name and a picture of a red lion. The name of the pub will usually be repeated in large letters on the front of the building itself. Many of the pubs have historical roots as taverns or inns which were like roadside hotels many years ago, where people could rest and change their horses.

There is no waiter service in British pubs. You have to go up to the bar to buy your drinks, and carry them back to your table. Simply asking for "a beer" in a British pub is a bit like asking for "a wine" in a French restaurant. There are hundreds of different varieties of beer available, each with its own distinctive taste and characteristics. Pubs often have a range of around 20 different beers. They range from dark stouts, through mild ales and bitter to lager - a light, gold-coloured beer. It is not common to offer a tip to the person at the bar.

Nearly all pubs sell pub lunches. One of these is the ploughman's lunch. Other typical pub foods are scampi (kind of shellfish) and chips, pie and chips, chicken and chips.

Games pubgoers play

To foreign visitors, some British pubs may seem more like children's playgrounds than adult drinking-places. As one incredulous American tourist remarked "Look at this place. You've got a dart board, a bar-billiards table, four different board-games and card-games and dominoes and some weird thing with a wooden box and a bunch of little sticks, and now you tell me this pub also has a football team and a cricket team and on Monday nights there is a quiz! You call this a bar? At home we'd call it a kindergarten!" Fortunately for the researcher, this scornful visitor had only noticed about a dozen or so traditional pub games, and had not heard of pubs offering modern novelties such as bungee-running, inflatable sumo wrestling, bar flying and bouncy boxing.

Practically every British person has his or her favourite pub. There are all kinds of pubs: city pubs for rich businessmen where the seats are soft and there are bowls of flowers on the table; simple "out of the way" pubs where young people and artists like to go; old country pubs with solid beams and openwood fires. Many pubs offer food as well as drinks and "family rooms" where parents can take their children are becoming more and more popular. It is the landlord of the pub who gives each pub its special character. It is part of his job to talk to the customers, and however nice the pub itself may be, it will never be popular if the landlord is not friendly and not easy to talk to.

Convenience food

Convenience products - that is, prepared dishes - have been enjoying great popularity for several decades now. Because of advances in food preparation technology, different foods now have a longer shelf-life and a more attractive appearance. "Convenience" indicates that they satisfy a consumer need: to speed up or even avoid preparation of meals altogether. Prepared foods therefore are at a premium among professional women, singles, people with little cooking experience or sufficient time, and also among the elderly. Even restaurants depend on prepared ingredients when serving large numbers of clients, as this requires less space and allow more rapid processing.

The phrase "convenience food" describes a variety of hot or cold foods and dishes that require little or no effort in preparation.

Advantages of prepared foods

1. These quick and easily-prepared products can save time and require few cooking skills. Vegetables, for example, are already cleaned; washing, peeling, and cutting are unnecessary.
2. Convenience products are always available and ready to use.
3. The production, storage, and sale of industrially prepared products are subject to strict regulation and controls.  Properly stored ready-to-use products are bacteriologically safer than fresh goods. The shelf-life can be extended through additives.
4. Modern production techniques and preservation methods minimize the nutritional loss of precooked products. No more vitamins or minerals are lost than in the home kitchen.
5. Frozen vegetables have the same nutritional value as fresh products since these foods are frozen immediately after harvesting. Nutrients, vitamins, and the food's sensory-stimulating properties (taste, smell, mouth-feel etc.) are in most cases preserved.
6. Prepared foods are already divided into portions.
7. With suitable supplements, these precooked products are very useful, especially for the elderly, sick, or handicapped persons, or for people who can devote little time to cooking.

Disadvantages of prepared foods

1. Convenience food often contains a lot of fat so that its energy content is also very high.
2. The fat quality may not be good (animal fats). Products with vegetable fats should be preferred.
3. The salt content is also high. Imported products are usually not prepared with iodized, fluoridated salt. It is therefore important to use correspondingly treated salt for self-prepared foods.
4. Most prepared dishes do not provide a full meal. The small amount of vegetables (or their complete absence) contradicts nutritional guidelines. In addition, their content of minerals, vitamins, secondary vegetable materials, and bulk fibers may be inadequate.
5. Ready-to-use products are often very expensive.
6. People who are allergic or sensitive to certain substances or additives (artificial preservatives, colour additives, taste enhancers) must study the labels very carefully.

Speaking about table manners

Speaking about table manners we must say that they are not very strict in the most countries, but it is considered rude to eat or drink noisily. At formal meals the cutlery is placed in the order in which it will be used. The dessert fork or spoon is laid at the top of your place setting. After each course the knife and the fork should be laid side by side in the middle of the plate. This shows that you have finished and the plate can be removed. If you want to behave mannerly at table you should follow some simple rules.

Here they are:

Things you should do:

1. If you are a guest, it is polite to wait until your host(ess) starts eating or indicates you should do so. It shows consideration.
2. Always chew and swallow all the food in your mouth before taking more or taking a drink.
3. You may eat chicken and pizza with your fingers if you are at a barbecue, finger buffet or very informal setting. Otherwise always use a knife and fork.
4. Always say thank you when served something. It shows appreciation.
5. When eating rolls, break off a piece of bread before buttering. Eating it whole looks tacky.
6. When eating soup, tip the bowl away from you and scoop the soup up with your spoon.
7. When you have finished eating, and to let others know that you have, place your knife and folk together, with the prongs on the fork facing upwards, on your plate.
8. In a restaurant, it is normal to pay for your food by putting your money on the plate the bill comes on.

Things you should not do:

1. It is impolite to start eating before everyone has been served.
2. Never chew with your mouth open. No one wants to see food being chewed or hearing it being chomped on.
3. It is impolite to have your elbows on the table while you are eating.
4. Don't reach over someone's plate for something, ask for the item to be passed.
5. Never talk with food in your mouth.
6. It is impolite to put too much food in your mouth.
7. Never use your fingers to push food onto your spoon or fork.
8. It is impolite to slurp your food or eat noisily.
9. Never blow your nose on a napkin (serviette). Napkins are for dabbing your lips and only for that.
10. Never take food from your neighbours plate.
11. Never pick food out of your teeth with your fingernails.
12. It is considered impolite to smoke between courses unless your host says otherwise. It is polite to ask for permission before you smoke in other peoples homes. Today in some countries smoking is forbidden in many public places: on the underground, at the office, in shops, cinemas and other public places.

Meals in Russia

Since old time Russia national cooking is famous for great variety of tasty and useful dishes. They are good for health because combine almost everything the human body needs to be healthy. For example, the most popular soup, called schi, has up to 20 components. A big plate of good schi gives the person almost all elements and enough energy for a half of a working day or so. So many Russians prefer to eat schi before hard work.

Russian traditional foods and drinks are very interesting from a medical point of view. Doctors say that a person, who keeps old Russian traditions in meals, gets everything he needs for health and fruitful mental and physical work.

In our country most of the people are sure that Russian traditions in meals are the best for our natural conditions and style of life. That is why we don't like to change them much. Of course that doesn't mean that we don't eat foreign dishes but traditional food is preferable in many families.

It is hard to say how many recipes are used in traditional Russian cooking. Every family has at least some family recipes. Russian women like to cook and many of them are real masters in preparing food and drinks. Their fantasy based on folk traditions is endless.

There is a good Russian tradition to share recipes even with unknown people if they are interested how to cook this or that.

The dishes of Russian cuisine are highly aromatic and contain a wide variety of herbs and spices, including garlic, parsley, dill, mint, mustard, pepper and cinnamon. As an appetizing starter, slices of fresh cucumber and tomato together with cooked meats and cheese are often served, or a delicate salad containing chicken or crab meat. A soup, frequently shchi or okroshka, the latter being a very filling and flavour some meat or fish soup containing olives and slices of lemon, follows this. In addition to the many different meat dishes, for example pork or chicken stuffed with mushrooms or vegetables, and stew with potatoes and vegetables, fish is also often offered as a main course. Bread is provided with all savoury dishes and is of a high quality. When dining with guests, either wine or vodka and mineral water are usually drunk.

Like many Slavic cuisines Russian cuisine is abundant of various breads and pies, pelmeny. The other focus is vegetables, especially beets.

Overview of Ukrainian Cuisine History

The history of the Ukrainian cuisine is long and tumultuous, and there were numerous outside elements that influenced it profoundly. Until the 17th and 18th century, the Ukrainian cuisine was mostly characterized by peasant and rural made dishes. Simple and economical soups, without much ornament, and consistent yet very easy to cook meals were the main parts of the Ukrainian diet. Things changed when the tsars began calling French and Italian chefs to cook for their banquets and celebrations. The luxury and festive style of the dishes prepared by foreign chefs soon began to influence the existing Ukrainian cuisine. Although most dishes were kept in their traditional form, modern variations of those dishes are present in most Ukrainian homes today. New spices and herbs were used to improve the flavor of the existing traditional Ukrainian dishes and today you shouldn’t be surprised to find plants that are not characteristic to Ukraine used in traditional, home made dishes. As for finding American food- the large cities have specialist restaurants with Western cuisine for tourists, and these are beginning to filter down into the medium sized cities. Small towns and villages may not have any public food services at all, although grocery stores and street markets are common.

Ukrainian cooking uses black pepper, red pepper, salt, bay leaf, parsley and dill (usually in spring and summer), garlic and onion. Staples include potatoes, cabbage, fish, pork, beef and sausage. Ukrainian people eat many dishes made of potato. During the Soviet era, there were chronic shortages of food. However, as Ukraine is an agricultural country, today there is much meat in the market (beef, pork, chickens, and turkey) as well as cheese, butter, bread and milk. However, for some items, notably cheese, prices are still very high. The core of the Ukrainian cuisine originates in the peasant dishes based on grains and staple vegetables like potatoes, cabbage, beets and mushrooms. Meat is an important ingredient in most Ukrainian dishes, and it is prepared in different ways, either as stewed, boiled, fried or smoked. Popular Ukrainian snacks include the varenyky and the most appreciated traditional dish is pig fat – called salo. The fact that Ukrainians preserve and age salo as one of their most prized national cuisine elements should give you an idea about the overall style of the Ukrainian cuisine – it is not a suitable one if your goal is to stay thin. Borscht originated in Ukraine and it is the national soup – although borsch is now an international dish that is also very popular in surrounding regions, such as parts of Russia and Romania. Ukrainian restaurants are not the number one place to go when you are looking for a traditional Ukrainian meal – the best way to experience the Ukrainian cuisine is at a home made meal.

There are no distinguishable cuisine types in Ukraine, but a variety of different influences can be noticed by a careful eye. The neighboring countries have influenced the Ukrainian cuisine, much as the Ukrainian cuisine influences the regional and national cuisines of the neighbors. The Lviv or Luts’k regions of Ukraine, for example, display a cuisine that resembles the Polish cuisine, with pork meat being the main ingredient for most dishes. The north-eastern provinces, such as Sumy, Kharkiv or Luhans’k show influences from the Russian cuisine, while the southern part of Ukraine has several recipes that are specific to Moldova and Romania. Agriculture has always been used extensively in Ukraine and wheat, rye, oats and millet were the main ingredients for any meal for centuries. Bread was and still is one of the food elements that are never absent from a Ukrainian meal. Bread is used with soup and the main course, although sometimes it may be left aside if the dish contains potatoes or pasta. Bakery was also present since immemorial times and all grain based food products used in the past are still present today, in one form or another. Meat is yet another essential element in the Ukrainian cuisine. Hunting was extremely popular in Ukraine and it ensured a large proportion of the meat that Ukrainians consumed. Wild animal meat was gradually replaced by farmed animal meat. Fish is also popular with a large variety of dishes, and there are hundreds of fish species that are used in delicious dishes.

Раздел B

Система упражнений для формирования социокультурной компетенции при обучении диалогической речи

I группа упражнений

Упражнение 1. Цель: 1) формировать лексические навыки говорения      

                                     2) формировать навыки реплицирования.

Задание 1: Imagine that you happened to be in England. What would you like to visit - a pub or an expensive restaurant?

Example:

T: I would like to visit a pub, because I prefer simple dishes to exotic ones.

or

P: I would like to visit a restaurant, because I prefer unusual exotic dishes to cheap and plain ones.

Задание 2: Reply the waiter:

Example:

T: Do you like your tea strong? P: Yes, please./No, thank you./I am (not) very keen on.../It doesn't agree with me/Yes, I’d love to.

1. Do you still need the wine list?
2. You don't seem to like a prawn cocktail. Shall I change it?
3. Will you have the strawberries with sugar?
4. Do you take milk in your tea?
5. Do you want your steak rare?
6. I recommend you English wine.
7. Would you like some coffee?
8. Would you like a mixed salad with the veal?
9. Will you have an apple pie for dessert?
10. I think you will like fish and chips. Shall I bring it?
11. Which coffee do you prefer: black or white?

Задание 3: "When in Rome do as the Romans do". What does this proverb mean? Do you have a similar proverb in your own language?

Задание 4: What is allowed to do in Britain when you are at the table? Make a list of 6 rules.

Задание 5: Prepare similar advice for someone visiting your country. Every time when you are at the table your parents remind you of table manners. What rules do you usually break?

Задание 6: Say where you can hear the following phrases? What can you say in the following situations? Choose the answer below.

A table for four, please.

Could you bring us the bill, please?

Is service   included?

Would you like some coffee?

Would you like another helping of soup?

Could you pass the bread, please?

This way, please. Yes, sir. Of course, sir. I am afraid I am not very keen on coffee. Certainly. I am afraid another helping doesn’t agree with me.

II группа упражнений

 Упражнение 2. Цель: формирование навыков овладения диалогическими единствами.

Задание 1: Your friend from London came to visit you. You show him your city, then decide to have a snack in a cafe. He asks you about eating habits in your country. What will you answer him?

- How about meals in your country? Do they differ greatly from ours?

- …

- I know that your dinner is quite substantial, isn't it?

- …

- It's quite nourishing. Do you prefer a heavy midday meal?

- …

Задание 2: Do the quiz with your friend. Take turns to ask the questions. Start at number one.

Задание 3: Make up questions concerning British food and ask somebody to answer them. Take turns to ask questions.

Example:

p1: Do you know how many meals a day the British people have?

P2: They have 5 meals a day: breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, tea. Do you know what people can buy in a pub?

P3: People can buy hard and soft drinks, lunches, scampi and chips.

Задание 4: You came to visit your friend in England. He/She invited you to taste national British dishes in the cafe. Study the menu and ask your friend about some dishes. Then swap the roles.

MENU

Example:

p1: What is Roly-poly?

p2: It is a pudding made from jam or fruit rolled up in pastry dough and baked steamed until soft.

Задание 5: You and your friend came to the restaurant. Study the menu, express your likes and make an order. Use the menu from the previous exercise.

Example:

P1: I like fish that is why I will order fish and chips. And what about you?

P2: I prefer meat to fish that's why I will order hotpot. And what do you like?

P3: ...

Задание 6: The pupils are divided into three groups. Each group gets a text, reads it and makes 5 questions to it. Then groups exchange lists of questions and ask each other what they got to know about food in other countries.

Text 1

In my country, Japan, usually we invite guests home at the weekends, in the early evening, about seven o 'clock. When the meal is ready the hostess says "We have nothing special for you today but you are welcome to come this way". You can see that in Japan you should try to be modest and you should not show off too much. If you don't understand our culture you will think this is very strange.

When we have foreign guests we try to serve traditional Japanese meals like sushi, tempura, but when we have Japanese guests, we serve all kinds of food such as spaghetti, Chinese food, or steaks. When the guests leave, the host and hostess see them out of the house and wait until their car turns the corner of the street.

Text 2

I come from Spain. At home what we love most is going out to eat in bars and restaurants. There is a big choice and we can go from one bar to another trying different things and having a few drinks, usually wine or beer. But sometimes we also like to invite people to our home.

I usually invite my friends for an informal meal. I cook Spanish omelette, which is made with potatoes, onions and eggs, fried in olive oil. Then we have things like cheese, ham - Spanish ham is very different from English ham, and if you buy the best one, called Jabugo, is something delicious, worth trying. And then things like olives, anchovies, mussels. We drink wine or beer. Some people can bring a bottle of wine or something for pudding.

Text3

I am from the United States. Sometimes when our family gets together with other families we have what's called a "pot luck supper", which can take place in the evening or even at lunchtime. This is an informal occasion held perhaps in someone's garden. Invitations can be written or made by phone, and each person is asked to bring a dish of food. They are given a choice of starter, main course, salad or vegetable, or dessert. The hostess knows how many of each kind of dish she needs but not exactly what the guests will bring. This is why it is called "pot lack", as it's a lovely surprise, holding a dinner party and not knowing what you are going to feed your guests with. As the guests arrive they put their dish, or pot, and the table and the meal is served buffet-style, and drinks are provided, although some guests might bring a bottle of wine as a present.

Задание 7: Your friend invites you to have dinner somewhere, but you are busy and can't go. Refuse politely and explain your reason. Then swap the roles.

Example:

p1: I am hungry like a hunter. Would you like to have dinner with me?

P2:1 am sorry. I am afraid I can't. I have much work to do.

      or:

P2:1 am sorry. I am afraid I can't. I have dinner with my father.

III группа упражнений

Упражнение3. Цель: Совершенствовать навыки и умения овладения диалогическими единствами.

Задание 1: Your friends visited a pub and were going home when you met them. They began to discuss their visit to the pub. Act out the dialogue and make up your own conversation.

-   What do you think of a cucumber sandwich?

-   Well, I like it. I think it is very delicious.

-   Yes, not bad. Do you like this pub?

-  Erm... not really. I think it is poor.

-   Well, yes, but I like friendly atmosphere and a landlord is very polite.

-  Do you think so? I don't like him.

-   OK, next time you will choose a pub.

-   OK, with pleasure.

Задание 2: Put the parts of the dialogue in order. Role-play the dialogue.

In a restaurant

Mr. Adams: Do you fancy a stater?

Mrs. Adams: Mmm... I think I'll have the prawn cocktail. I am very fond of

prawns. What about you?

Mr. Adams: I am not sure... I can't decide.

Mrs. Adams: Oh, I'd have the trout if I were you. You always say that you like trout, and you haven't it for a long time.

***

Waiter: Good evening, sir...madam. Shall I take your coats?

Mr. Adams: Thank you. Where shall we sit, Barbara?

Waiter: Oh, would you like to sit over here, sir? Near the window.

Mr. Adams: Ah, yes... Could we see the menu?

Waiter: Certainly. Here it is.

***

Waiter: Would you like to see the wine list?

Mr. Adams: Yes... we’d like a bottle of dry white wine.

Waiter: May I suggest something?

Mr. Adams: Of course.

Waiter: Why don't you try a bottle of English wine?

Mr. Adams: English wine?

***

Waiter: Yes, it isn't very well known, but it's being produced in the south of England now. You 'II be surprised...it's very good.

Waiter: Are you ready to order yet, sir?

Mr. Adams: Yes... a prawn cocktail for my wife, and the trout for me.

Waiter: And the main course, sir?

Mr. Adams: Veal for my wife. I can't decide between the veal and the chicken.

What do you recommend?

Waiter: Oh, if I were you, I'd have the veal. It's the specialty of the house.

Задание 3: Imagine your family decided to eat out in a restaurant. Using a dialogue "In a restaurant" as a model try to compose a conversation between your parents and a waiter.

Задание 4: Each student gets a card with the situation and says what one of his classmates would do in that situation. Students should either agree with the statements or disagree and defend themselves. They should use the following phrases: I am convinced that...                         I am not sure but I think

              I am sure...                                          If you want to know what I think...

              I personally think that...                     Personally I feel that...

             You may not agree with me but...

IV группа упражнений

Упражнение 4. Цель: Совершенствовать речевых навыков в неподготовленной речи и умения создания собственных диалогов на основе выученной лексики по теме “British Food”.

Задание 1: Role-play a situation.

pi: You study in Oxford and live in a host family. Your hostess cooks delicious dishes and wants to prepare for you something special.

P2: You are a hostess of the family, you like to cook and want to prepare some national dishes for your guest. Ask him/her what dish he/she wants to taste and what ingredients he/she likes/dislikes.

Задание 2. You have just returned from England. There you lived in a host family and tasted a lot of different dishes. Your friends want to know about British eating habits and ask you a lot of questions. Tell them what you know about British meals.

Задание 3: Your friend came back from Britain and began to praise British cooking, especially national dishes. He/She says they are much tastier than ours. Try to persuade him/her that tastes differ and our national dishes are delicious as well.

Задание 4: Your mother doesn’t feel like cooking today and suggests eating out somewhere. You advise to go to the pizza restaurant (Chinese restaurant, fast food restaurant, etc) and convince your parents of the pizza restaurant (Chinese restaurant, fast food restaurant, etc).

Задание 5: Imagine you are a landlord of the pub. Your customers are ordinary people, who are sometimes rough or tipsy. One of your clients says that your beer is not fresh. You don't forget that you should be friendly and try to win the situation.

Задание 6: You happen to be dining with an Englishman who doesn't speak Russian. Help him to order his dinner. Speak about English and Russian dishes.

Список источников аутентичного материала

1. Павлоцкий В.М. Read, learn, discuss: Учебное пособие. - СПб.: Kapo, 2000. -540c.
2. Joy Little. Taking Part in Conversation // Building English Skills/ Ed. by McDougal, Little and Company. - Evanston, Illinois, 1980. - p. 330-333.
3. Liz and John Soars. New Headway English Course. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
4. Stechishin, Savella. “Traditional Ukrainian Cookery,” 17th ed., Winnipeg: Trident Press, 1991: pp. 108- 115.
5. Afternoon Tea. - www.joyofbaking.com 
6. English Food and Meals. - www.youreng.narod.ru 
7. Pubs. — www.sire.org 
8. Table Manners. — www.woodlands.junior.kent.sch.uk 
9. Tea. — www.tea.co.uk 
10. Tea at the Ritz. - www.theritzhotel.co.uk/tea/teamenu.asp
11. Tea Traditions. - www.coffeetea.info 
12. www.cookery.com 
13. www.wikipedia.org 
14.  www.yahoo.com/recepies
15. www.yahoo.com/ukrainiancuisine