Создание благоприятного эмоционального климата на занятиях - основа успешной  работы по развитию речи с детьми дошкольного возраста

                                   воспитатель первой категории

 Коваленко О.Н.

С каждым годом увеличивается количество детей с речевыми патологиями. Это печальный, но неопровержимый фактор нашего времени. Причины тоже общеизвестны: резко ухудшающееся  состояние экологии,  стрессы  повседневной жизни, постоянно снижающийся уровень жизни населения.

Важно в ходе коррекционной работы свести до минимума эмоциональные проблемы, являющиеся серьезной преградой к достижению положительного результата. Мы выделяем два основных момента, над которыми непременно  следует работать: установление эмоционального контакта с ребенком (что стабилизирует его эмоциональное состояние)  или группой детей и создание благоприятного эмоционального климата непосредственно в ходе занятий.

Существуют общеизвестные приёмы установления эмоционального контакта с конкретным  ребенком и с  группой детей, имеющих речевые проблемы, которыми мы пользуемся.

Установить доверительные отношения с разобщенной группой детей нельзя. Поэтому первой задачей воспитателей  группы является сплотить данную группу, не нивелируя при этом индивидуальные особенности каждого ребёнка. К сплочению группы важно приступить  с первых же моментов занятия. Опираемся на первых занятиях только на имеющиеся у всех детей звуки. Уточняя артикуляцию имеющихся звуков, подчеркиваем общие умения детей, необходимость работать над общими задачами, корректно указывая на естественность  произносительных и других особенностей детей.

Как правило, подавляющее большинство детей успешно усваивают необходимые элементы  гимнастик: артикуляционной, дыхательной, пальчиковой, голосовой. Всё это -  благодатные моменты для выработки у детей уверенности в своих силах, интереса к занятиям, положительного восприятия индивидуальных особенностей друг друга.

На этапе коррекции целесообразно формировать подгруппы, учитывая не только схожесть речевых проблем, но и эмоциональную совместимость детей.

Подытожить вышесказанное можно, перечислив конкретные приёмы установления эмоционального контакта с ребенком: установление зрительного, слухового, голосового, тактильного контакта. При решении задачи объединить, сплотить  группу детей, мы выделяем общие проблемы, общие задачи по их решению, общие пути решения этих задач, адекватность оценки: сравнивать детей ни друг с другом, а каждого ребенка с ним самим на разных этапах коррекционной работы.

Очень важна и мотивация для создания нужного климата в ходе работы. И тут мы прилагаем много усилий не только при нахождении  мотивов для каждого конкретного ребенка, но серьезно работаю над  моментами,  являющимися общими причинами для улучшения эмоционального климата, который  в свою очередь способствует повышению  работоспособности  детей.

Таким образом, эффективность, результативность  работы по развитию речи значительно повышается, если грамотно, с чуткостью к каждому ребенку подобраны мотивы, вызывающие желание работать,  установлен положительный эмоциональный контакт с ребенком, создан благоприятный эмоциональный климат.

Упражнение 221-222.

В следующих предложениях измените время глагола на Present Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The pupils are writing a dictation. 2. My friend is helping me to solve a difficult problem. 3. I am learning a poem. 4. She is telling them an interesting story. 5. Kate is sweeping the floor. 6. The waiter is putting a bottle of lemonade in front of him. 7. I am eating my breakfast. 8. We are drinking water. 9. He is bringing them some meat and vegetables. 10. You are putting the dishes on the table. 11. They are having tea. 12. She is taking the dirty plates from the table. 13. The children are putting on their coats. 14. Susan is making a new dress for her birthday party. 15. She is opening a box of chocolates. 16. I am buying milk for milk shakes. 17. James is ordering a bottle of apple juice. 18. We are looking for more CDs with good music. 19. You are recording your favourite film on his video recorder. 20. I am translating a difficult article from German into Russian.

Ключ

1. have written. 2. has helped. 3. have learnt. 4. has told. 5. has swept. 6. has put. 7. have eaten. 8. have drunk. 9. has brought. 10. have put. 11. have had. 12. has taken. 13. have put on. 14. has made. 15. has opened. 16. have bought. 17. has ordered. 18. have looked. 19. have recorded. 20. have translated.

Перевод

1. Ученики написали диктант. 2. Мой друг помог мне решить трудную задачу. 3. Я выучил стихотворение. 4. Она рассказала им интересную историю. 5. Катя подмела пол. 6. Официант поставил перед ним бутылку лимонада. 7. Я позавтракал. 8. Мы выпили воды. 9. Он принес им мясо с овощами. 10. Ты поставил посуду на стол. 11. они выпили чаю. 12. Она убрала со стола грязные тарелки. 13. Дети надели пальто. 14. Сюзанна сшила себе платье на день рождения. 15. Она открыла коробку шоколадных конфет. 16. Я купила молоко для молочного коктейля. 17. Джеймс заказал бутылку яблочного сока. 18. Мы купили плеер и несколько дисков с хорошей музыкой. 19. Ты посмотрел новости или свой любимый фильм? 20. Я перевел трудную статью с немецкого языка на русский.

Упражнение 241

Упражнение № 241 (Раскройте скобки, употреблял глаголы в Present Perfect, Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Perfect.) по сборнику Голицынского. Проверка усвоенных знаний. Ключ к упражнению

1. She is very happy: her son (to finish) school. 2. My brother (to train) at the stadium from six till eight yesterday. 3. My sister (to buy) a pair of nice model shoes this month. 4. I (not to dance) for ages. 5. When Nick (to come) from school, his friends (to play) in the yard. 6. When your sister (to go) to London? 7. My friend just (to recover) after a serious illness. 8. I never (to be) to the Bahamas. 9. At this time yesterday we (to talk) about you. 10. I (to speak) to my friend yesterday. 11. Look! Kate (to wash) all the dishes. 12. Your mother (to return) from work? Can I speak to her? 13. She (to do) her flat the whole day on Saturday. 14. The cat (to drink) all the milk which I (to give) it. 15. You ever (to be) to Piccadilly Circus? 16. He (not to read) Turgenev since he was a pupil. 17. They (to reach) the river by sunset. 18. I (not yet to receive) an answer to my letter. 19. Only when she was going to bed, she remembered that she (to forget) to ring up her friend. 20. We already (to study) seven English tenses. 21. He (to spend) two weeks in Scotland two years ago. 22. I (to buy) a lovely fashionable dress. Now I shall look smart at the party. 23. He (to learn) English before he (to go) to the USA. 24. When she (to spend) all her money, she (to go) home.

 Ключ

1. Her son has finished. 2. My brother was training. 3. My sister has bought. 4. I have not danced. 5. Nick came, his friends were playing. 6. When did your sister go. 7. My friend has just recovered. 8. I have never been. 9. We were talking. 10. I spoke. 11. Kate has washed. 12. Has your mother returned. 13. She was doing. 14. The cat drank, I had given. 15. Have you ever been. 16. He has not read. 17. They had reached. 18. I have not yet received. 19. She had forgotten. 20. We have already studied. 21. He spent. 22. I have bought. 23. He had learnt, he went. 24. She had spent, she went.

Упражнение 166.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.

Начало формы

Конец формы

(NOW) It (not to rain) any more, it (to clear) up and the sun (to shine). The jazz band (to play) in the park. A lot of people (to listen) to the music and they really (to have) a good time. But they (not to dance) yet. There is a coffee shop there. Only seven people (to sit) there, and only five people (to wait) in the queue. Some people (to have) sandwiches and (to drink) coffee, tea or fruit juices. Boys and girls over there (to laugh) and (to make) a lot of noise. They (to play) games and Tom (to take) pictures. So what (to go) on?

Ключ

It is not raining any more, it is clearing up and the sun is shining. The jazz band is playing in the park. A lot of people are listening to the music and they are really having a good time. But they are not dancing yet. There is a coffee shop there. Only seven people are sitting there, and only five people are waiting in the queue. Some people are having sandwiches and drinking coffee, tea or fruit juices. Boys and girls over there are laughing and making a lot of noise. They are playing games and Tom is taking pictures. So what is going on?

Упражнение 168.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

Начало формы

Конец формы

1. My working day (to begin) at seven o'clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes. At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My father and I (to leave) home at eight o'clock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o'clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living room. We (to watch) TV and (to talk). (USUALLY) 2. My sister (to get) up at eight o'clock. 3. She (to be) a schoolgirl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. 4. Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 5. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 6. After breakfast she (to go) to school. 7. It (to take) him two hours to do his homework. 8. She (to speak) French well.

Ключ

1. My working day begins, I get, switch, do, it takes, we have, my father and I leave, he takes, my mother is, she leaves, we gather, we watch, talk. 2. My sister gets. 3. She is, she goes. 4. Jane is, she does. 5. She has. 6. She goes. 7. It takes. 8. She speaks.

Упражнение 174.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

Начало формы

Конец формы

1. Не (to work) in the centre of Chicago. 2. He (to work) in the centre of Chicago? 3. He (not to work) in the centre of Chicago. 4. They (to read) many books. 5. They (to read) many books? 6. They (not to read) many books. 7. The children (to eat) soup now. 8. The children (to eat) soup now? 9. The children (not to eat) soup now. 10. You (to play) volleyball well? 11. When you (to play) volleyball? 12. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 13. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening? 14. We (not to dance) every day. 15. Look! Kate (to dance). 16. Kate (to sing) well? 17. Where he (to go) in the morning? 18. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 19. My granny (to sleep) after dinner. 20. When you (to sleep)? 21. Nina (not to sleep) now. 22. Where John (to live)? — He (to live) in England. 23. My friends from Switzerland (to speak) four languages. 24. Elvire (to speak) English, German and French? Yes, she .... 25. She only (not to speak) Italian. .

Ключ

1. He works. 2. Does he work. 3. He doesn't work. 4. They read. 5. Do they read. 6. They do not read. 7. The children are eating. 8. Are the children eating. 9. The children are not eating. 10. Do you play 11. When do you play. 12. What does Nick do. 13. Does he go. 14. We do not dance. 15. Kate is dancing. 16. Does Kate sing. 17. Where does he go. 18. He does not sleep. 19. My granny sleeps. 20. When do you sleep. 21. Nina is not sleeping. 22. Where does John live, he lives. 23. My friends from Switzerland speak. 24. Does Elvire speak. 25. She doesn't only speak (She doesn't speak only) Italian.

Упражнение 182.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple.

Начало формы

Конец формы

1. I want to get a medical checkup. I (to go) to my doctor tomorrow. 2, He (to give) me a complete examination. 3. The nurse (to lead) me into one of the examination rooms. 4. I (to take) off my clothes and (to put) on a hospital gown. 5. Dr. Setton (to come) in, (to shake) my hand, and (to say) "hello". 6. I (to stand) on his scale so he can measure my height and my weight. 7. He (to take) my pulse. 8. Then he (to take) my blood pressure. 9. After he takes my blood pressure, he (to take) some blood for a blood analysis. 10. He (to examine) my eyes, ears, nose and throat. 11. Не (to listen) to my heart with a stethoscope. 12. Then he (to take) a chest X-ray and (to do) a cardiogram (EKG). 13. After the checkup I (to go) home and (to wait) for Dr. Setton's call. 14. Dr. Setton (to call) me tomorrow afternoon and (to say) to me: "Stop worring! Your blood analysis is excellent." He is a very good doctor.

Ключ

1. I shall go. 2. He will give. 3. The nurse will lead. 4. I'll take off and put on. 5. Dr. Setton will come in, shake, and say. 6. I'll stand. 7. He'll take. 8. He'll take. 9. He'll take. 10. He'll examine. 11. He'll listen. 12. He'll take and do. 13. I'll go and wait. 14. Dr. Setton will call and say.

Упражнение 192

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.

Начало формы

Конец формы

1. What your neighbours (to do) yesterday? 2. Mr. Smith (to fix) his car yesterday morning. 3. His wife (to water) plants in the garden. 4. Their children (to clean) the yard and then they (to play) basketball. 5. In the evening their boys (to listen) to loud music and (to watch) TV. 6. Their little girl (to cry) a little and then (to smile). 7. Her brothers (to shout) at her. 8. Mrs. Smith (to work) in the kitchen. 9. She (to bake) a delicious apple pie. 10. She (to cook) a good dinner. 11. She (to wash) the dishes and (to look) very tired. 12. The children (to brush) their teeth, (to yawn) a little and (to go) to bed. 13. Their mother (to change) her clothes and (to brush) her hair. Then she (to talk) on the phone. 14. Her husband (to smoke) a cigarette and (to talk) to his wife. 15. They (to wait) for the bus. The bus (to arrive) at 9 o'clock. 16. They (to visit) their friends. 17. They (to dance) a lot there. 18. Mr. and Mrs. Smith (to rest) very well last night. They really (to have) a wonderful time at their friends.

Ключ

1. What did your neighbours do. 2. Mr Smith fixed. 3. His wife watered. 4. Their children cleaned, they played. 5. Their boys listened, watched. 6. The little girl cried, smiled. 7. Her brothers shouted. 8. Mrs. Smith worked. 9. She baked. 10. She cooked. 11. She washed, looked. 12. The children brushed, yawned, went. 13. Their mother changed, brushed, talked. 14. Her husband smoked, talked. 15. They waited, the bus arrived. 16. They visited. 17. They danced. 18. Mr and Mrs Smith rested, they really had.

Упражнение 196.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Simple.

Начало формы

Конец формы

1. His sister (to study) English every day. 2. She (to study) English two hours ago. 3. You (to come) home at six o'clock yesterday? — No, I ... . Yesterday I (to come) home from school at half past eight. I (to be) very tired. I (to have) dinner with my family. After dinner I (to be) very thirsty. I (to drink) two cups of tea. Then I (to rest). 4. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day. 5. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 6. My brother (to wash) his face every morning. 7. Yesterday he (to wash) his face at a quarter past seven. 8. I (not to have) history lessons every day. 9. We (not to rest) yesterday. 10. My brother (not to drink) coffee yesterday. 11. My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work, but yesterday she (not to take) a bus. Yesterday she (to walk) to her office. 12. You (to talk) to the members of your family every day? — Yes, I ... . But yesterday I (not to talk) to them: I (to be) very busy yesterday. 13. Your sister (to go) to school every day? — Yes, she .... 14. Mary (to like) writing stories. 15. Last week she (to write) a funny story about her pet. 16. You (to tell) your mother the truth about the money? 17. You (to wear) your polka-dot dress to work? — Yes, I ... . I (to wear) it yesterday. 18. We (to like) to go to the beach. We (to enjoy) swimming in the ocean last weekend.

Ключ

1. His sister studies. 2. She studied. 3. Did you come, I didn't, I came, I was, I had, I was, I drank, I rested. 4. I go. 5. I went, 6. My brother washes. 7. He washed. 8. I do not have. 9. We did not rest. 10. My brother did not drink. 11-. My mother always takes, she did not take, she walked. 12. Do you talk, I do, I did not talk, I was. 13. Does you sister go, she does. 14. Mary likes. 15. She wrote. 16. Did you tell. 17. Do you wear, I wore. 18. We like, we enjoyed.