Презентации к урокам
Презентации к урокам по английскому языку
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TWELVE O’CLOCK
FIVE PAST TWELVE
A QUARTER PAST TWELVE
A HALF PAST TWELVE
TWENTY TO TWELVE
A QUARTER TO TWELVE
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Every night in my dreams I see you, I feel you, That is how I know you go on Far across the distance And spaces between us You have come to show you go on Near, far, wherever you are I believe that the heart does go on Once more you open the door And you're here in my heart And my heart will go on and on
What ways of traveling do you prefer? By ship By train By car By plane By bus Cycling Helicopter
What countries do you want to visit?
Open the brackets We ………(to buy) this house last year. Ann’s plane must be somewhere above the Atlantic Ocean. She ……………… (to fly) for two hours already. The children …………………..(to play) football since 3 o’clock but they are not tired. Where are you? I …………………(to wait) you for an hour already. I love travelling by air, but I ………………(not fly) for two years. He ………………(to build) the house already.
Make word combinations Unkind Unpleasant Unusual Uninteresting Unhappy Unfriendly Unexpected Unsinkable discovery ship story voyage situation relations people suitcase
“Travelling”
detect [d i ‘ t e k ‘ t ] обнаруживать crash [ k r æ ∫ ] столкновение avoid [ ə ‘ v ɔ i d ] избегать sink [s i ŋ k] тонуть launch [ l ɔ: n t ∫ ] запускать damage [ d æ m i d з ] разрушать prevent [ p r i ‘ v e n t ] предотвращать
Fill in the verbs using them in the appropriate form detect crash avoid sink launch damage prevent In the twentieth century, scientists …………extracts of ancient plants in floating masses of ice. When travelling by car, be very attentive and ……… dangerous driving. Since the passengers were in danger, the rescue party used a helicopter to get to the place where two ships …………… This shipbuilding company has a long and successful history. They ………… one or two liners every year. The captain of the submarine ordered the crew to stop the engines to ………… a collision with a strange unidentified object moving towards them under the water. An expedition of specially-trained divers have kept trying to find the ship that ……… more than half a century ago. An unexpected storm seriously ………… the ship. That’s why the captain ordered them to stop in the nearest port to repair it.
Questions: Why icebergs can be very dangerous for ships? How an iceberg caused the tragedy of the Titanic? What you have learned about the Titanic’s sisters?
Titanic’s sisters Olimpic Britanic
Home work: Ex. 19 p.66 retelling the text about Titanic.
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Суффиксы прилагательных, образованных от существительных - ful ( выражает наличие качества beautiful, colourful ) -less ( выражает отсутствие качества: colourless , useless) -al (central, formal) -y (cloudy, dirty) - ic (poetic, patriotic) - ish-ese ( выражает национальную принадлежность: Scottish, English, Chinese ary (elementary) ous (famous)
Исключением является суффикс - ly , так как данный суффикс служит для образования наречий. Однако есть ряд прилагательных и довольное распространенных, которые образованы при помощи этого суффикса, например: friendly (дружелюбный), lovely (прелестный)
Суффиксы прилагательных, образованных от глаголов -able /- ible ( выражает возможность подвергнуться действию, указанному глаголом: to change – changeable ( менять – изменчивый); to eat – eatable ( есть – съедобный) - ive (active, talkative) - ent /-ant (different, observant)
Суффиксы прилагательных, образованных от глаголов Качество ing (reading, missing) e d (educated)
Practice 1. Translate into Russian. The suffix - ful means «be full of» e.g. beautiful means «be full of» beauty.
She was very thankful for our help. She likes colourful clothes. She is a very forgetful girl. We are not sure that our team will win, but we are hopeful. They lived a peaceful, happy life. He was always as helpful as possible.
The suffix — ous means « ful of» which comes from French e.g. danger + ous = dangerous fame — …, humour — …, courage — …, poison — …,
Use the words in the sentences. We don’t know if these chemicals are ____________ to people. She became ____________as a writer. I like to read ___________stories. There are a lot of ________ snakes in the jungle. He was a ____________soldier.
Practice 2.1. Translate into Russian. The suffix -less means «without» e.g. hopeless means «without» hope.
a moonless night, a cloudless sky, a noiseless machine, numberless heroes, a heartless woman, a homeless cat, a leafless tree, a nameless author, a endless war, a sleepless night
Practice 4. The suffix -y. A. Translate into Russian. windy day, sunny weather, cloudy sky, sleepy child, dreamy girl, icy wind, healthy food
B. Form adjectives from the nouns and translate them. sand — … , rock — … , grass — … , water- … , fog (g) — …
C. Put the adjectives from B into this sentences to make them complete. This … land is very good for farming. Cows and sheep can feed here all the year round. On such … mornings it’s very difficult to drive, as you can’t see the road clearly. Holidaymakers love the … beaches in the south of Australia. The picture shows the … mountains of Scotland. …places have a lot of water in all seasons.
Practice 5. Translate into Russian the adjectives, ending with the suffix — ic . scientific expedition, domestic animal, academic year, Olympic games, basic knowledge
Practice 6. Make up adjectives with the help of suffix -al and translate them. music-…, industry – …, culture – …, region – …, tradition – …, nature – …, nation – …, agriculture – …, comic – …
Practice 7. Суффиксы национальностей - ish , -( i )an, - ese : Scotland — …, Spain — …, Finland — …, America — …, Italy — …, Japan — … , China — … ,
Practice 8. The suffix – able. eat — …, drink — …, comfort — … , read — … , respect — ….
B. Use the words in the sentences: Though the cup is made of thin glass it is not ……….(break). Everybody respects him. He is very …….. (respect). I can’t read the book. It is not ……(read). The nouns are divided into …………. and un…………… (count).
Practice 9. Form the words with the suffix – ive . create — … , impress — … , progress — …, act — … , mass — … ,
Practice 10. Read the adjectives and spell the suffixes used in forming them. ОБРАЗЕЦ changeable — The adjective changeabl e is formed with the help of the suffix -able. successful, cloudless, collective, central, dangerous, faultless, misty, courageous, aggressive, national, breakable
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We use this tense to talk about the actions that were going on, or happening at a certain moment in the past.
Past Continuous употребляется для Описания действия, происходившего в определенный момент в прошлом (этот прошедший момент может быть выражен другим однократным действием (обычно в Past Simple или указанием времени) : I was playing computer games at 5 p.m. yesterday. - Я играл в компьютерные игры в пять часов вечера. Действии, которое происходило в прошлом и было прервано другим действием: He was reading his when he noticed a mistake . - Он читал письмо, когда заметил ошибку. Past Continuous часто употребляется после союза while (пока, в то время как) , а так же с выражениями from 5 till 6 , the whole evening (весь вечер), t he whole day yesterday ...
Указатели времени:
Make up sentences I Mother Father Sister We My friend My friend and I was were sleep… do… homework cook… watch… TV play… talk… go… home yesterday at 6 o’clock
Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в форме Past Continuous. 1. They (to write) the test at this time yesterday. 2. He (to work) in the garden from two till five o'clock. 3. We (to watch) television the whole evening. 4. You (to play) football at six o'clock? 5. You (to drink) tea at seven o'clock? 6. He (to draw) from three till four o'clock? 7. Who (to listen) to the radio at this time? 8. It (to rain) the whole day yesterday? 9. They (to skate) at three o'clock? 10. She (not to help) mother about the house from two till six.
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Quantifiers A lot of/lots of/many/much/few/ a few/little/a little
Количество Исчисляемые существительные Неисчисляемые существительные Утверждение a lot of/lots (of)/too many/(a) few a lot of/lots (of)/too much/(a) little Отрицание (not) many (not) much Вопрос (how) many ( how) much
A lot of/lots of Много Утвердительные предложения С неисчисляемыми и с исчисляемыми существительными во множественном(!) числе. There is a lot of milk in the fridge. There are a lot of sweets in the box.
Much/many Много Отрицательные или вопросительные предложения Much – с неисчисляемыми существительными Many – с исчисляемыми во множественном числе. Is there much water in the glass? There isn’t much ice cream in a tub. Do you have many apples? There aren’t many lemons in the fridge.
How much Сколько С неисчисляемыми существительными в вопросах о количестве чего-либо How much juice would you like?
How many Сколько С исчисляемыми существительными в вопросах о количестве людей/предметов How many cakes are there on the table?
Too much Слишком много С неисч.сущ ., чтобы показать, что чего-то больше, чем нужно The children are making too much noise.
Too many Слишком много С исч.сущ ., чтобы показать, что чего-то больше, чем нужно Don’t eat too many sweets.
A few Немного (но достаточно) С исч.сущ . во мн.ч. We have a few apples. We can make a pie.
A little Немного (но достаточно) С неисч.сущ . Can I have a little milk in my tea?
Few/Little Почти нет (недостаточно) Few с исч.сущ . Little с неисч.сущ . There are few apples. We can’t make a pie. There is little milk left. We can’t make a porridge.
Fill in the missing quantifiers Countable Uncountable many a lot of some/a few little/isn’t much any/no
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I’m glad to see you!
Lets start our lesson!
Определительные придаточные ( relative clauses ) Our lesson:
Определительные придаточные предложения выполняют функцию определения и отвечают на вопросы what ? - какой? which ? - который?
Они следуют непосредственно за тем существительным в главном предложении, которое они определяют .
For example: I know who can help us . I know a man who can help us.
Относительными местоимениями: who - который which - который that - который
И как же их отличить???
Отличие That , Which и Who Who Which
That
Относительными местоимениями: who - который (для людей) which - который (для неодушевленных предметов и животных) that - который (общее)
Попробуй решить ! Тебе нужно выбрать правильное местоимение!
The man … is sitting there is my brother. Человек, который сидит там, мой брат. The picture … hangs on the wall was painted by Repin . Картина, которая висит на стене, была написана Репиным. who which
Самостоятельная работа 1.Where is the letter …. I gave you to read? 2.Here is the book ….. we have spoken about. 3.Give me the book …… I gave you yesterday. 4.There is the student … was at the theatre yesterday. 5. He posted the letter … he had written. 6 .The man … had called on you left a message.
Good job!
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Большинство существительных образуют множественное число прибавлением " S " в конце, например banana-bananas , chair - chairs, lake - lakes , rabbit - rabbit s, doctor - doctors, apple - apples, tiger-tigers A dog dogs + s
Существительные, оканчивающиеся на S, SS, SH, CH, X, O образуют множественное число прибавлением " es " в конце, например bus - buses, dress-dresses , brush - brushes, watch-watches , fox - foxes, potato – potatoes Исключения: radio - radios, piano - pianos, photo – photos, video - videos A bus buses + es
Если существительное заканчивается на согласную + y , то y заменяется на ies , например lady - ladies, city - cities, baby - babies Если существительное заканчивается на гласную (a, e, i, o, u) + y , то прибавляем к существительному S , например toy - t oys baby + ies babies
Некоторые существительные, оканчивающиеся на f или fe образуют множественное число путем замены f или fe на ves , например thief - thieves, knife - knives, wolf – wolves , leaf-leaves Исключения: roof – roofs Написание слов надо запомнить. A leaf leaves
Неправильные существительные – образуют множественное число не по правилу. Множественное число они образуют только так : tooth - teeth, fish - fish, foot - feet, mouse - mice, deer - deer, goose - geese, ox - oxen, sheep - sheep, man - men, child - children, woman - women A mouse mice
Отдельная категория существительных вообще не изменяет своей формы и не образуют множественное число. lemonade, butter, wood, money, cheese, meat, tea, coffee, milk, water, jam, juice, paper , sugar, bread, Неопределенный артикль a/an нельзя использовать с неисчисляемыми существительными. Вместо можно сказать, например, some bread. cheese
Но: есть способ сделать неисчисляемые существительные исчисляемыми, используя различные упаковки water - three glasses of water, milk - two bottles of milk, three cups of coffee Two bottles of milk Three cups of coffee
Неисчисляемые существительные имеют только форму единственного числа и согласуются только с глаголами в единственном числе: The money is on the table. Деньги лежат на столе. His hair is blond. Волосы у него светлые . The information is interesting. Сведения интересные . Her knowledge is great. Её знания обширны . Their progress is great. Их успехи значительны.
Существительные, которые употребляются только в форме множественного числа. trousers - брюки, jeans - джинсы braces - подтяжки, scissors - ножницы, glasses - очки, troops - войска, goods - товары, сlothes - одежда, police - полиция, people - люди. Fashionable clothes are expensive now. Модная одежда сейчас дорогая . These jeans are too small for me. Эти джинсы слишком малы мне.
Часто встречающаяся ошибка: Не прибавляйте " S " к прилагательным! An old book old books
Choose the correct form of the nouns 1) I have a lot of ……..in the box. a) toy b) toyes c) toys
That`s right!
2)Our dog has three nice… a) puppy b) puppies c) puppys
That`s right!
3) A lot of …..work at the factory. man men mens
That`s right!
3)There are a lot of……..in the Russian forests. deers deeres deer
That`s right!
Well done!
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Past Simple означает действие, которое произошло в прошлом
Указатели Past Simple Yesterday – вчера Yesterday I saw your friend. Last (month) – в прошлом месяце We spent the holidays in the country last summer. A week ago – неделю назад I went to the park a week ago. The day before yesterday – позавчера We watched TV the day before yesterday.
ten years (10 лет) a week (неделю) ago ( назад ) a month (месяц) I saw this picture a week ago . year ( году ) last ( прошлым ) summer ( летом ) night ( ночью ) Last summer I was in the country.
Образование Past Simple глаголы правильные неправильные + ed 2
Правильные глаголы образуют вторую и третью формы путем прибавления - ed к первой форме: I форма II форма III форма work worked worked live lived lived want wanted wanted
Особенности произнесения окончания – ed : окончание - ed произносится как [ t ] после глухих согласных (кроме t ): washed окончание - ed произносится как [ d ] после звонких согласных (кроме d ) и гласных: played окончание - ed произносится как как [ id ] после t и d : wanted
Особенности прибавления окончания – ed : если слово оканчивается на немую –е , оно теряет эту гласную при прибавлении суффикса: liv e + e d = liv e d если о д н о с л о ж н ы й глагол в инфинитиве оканчивается на одну согласную с предшествующим к р а т к и м гласным звуком, то конечная согласная удваивается: sto p + ed = sto pp ed
если слово оканчивается на –у с предшествующей с о г л а с н о й , слово меняет –у на – i : cr y + ed = cr i ed если же перед –у стоит г л а с н а я , то –у сохраняется: pla y + ed = pla y ed если глагол оканчивается на l , то l удваивается: cance l + ed = cance ll ed
Прочитайте, обращая внимание на особенности произнесения окончания – ed . [t] [d] [id] look – looked live – lived decide – decided work – worked copy – copied include – included help – helped love – loved attend – attended talk – talked use – used depend - depended like – liked play – played sound – sounded
Распределите слова по трём столбикам в соответствии с произнесением окончания – ed : [t] [d] [id] picked, sanded, printed, translated, stranded, waited, carried, mended, opened, tied, tried, studied, smoked, peopled, asked, laughed, knitted, jumped, developed, passed, realized, insisted, trained, stopped, danced.
Прибавьте окончание – ed , помня об особенностях прибавления этого окончания hope – iron – study – change – enjoy – want – stop – copy – permit – address – travel – compel – conduct – organize - offend – cancel – wrap – direct – stay – try – wish –
Неправильные глаголы 2 be – was, were catch – ca ug h t become – bec a me choose - ch o se begin – beg a n come - c a me blow – bl e w cost - cost break – br o k e cut - cut bring – br ou g ht do - d i d build – buil t draw - dr e w buy – b o u ght drink - dr a nk
drive – dr o ve get - g o t eat – at e give - g a ve fall - f e ll go - went feed - f e d grow -gr e w feel – f e l t have -h ad fight – f ou ght hear - hear d find – f ou nd keep - k e p t fly – fl ew know -kn e w forget –forg o t learn - learn t
leave – le ft ring - r a ng let – let run - r a n lose – los t say -sa id make – ma d e see - s aw meet – m e t sell - s o l d pay – pa id send - sen t put – put shake - sh oo k read – read show - show ed ride – r o de shut - shut
sing – s a ng teach - ta ug h t sit – s a t tell - t o l d sleep – sl e p t think - th ought speak – sp o k e throw - thr e w spend – spen t wake - w o ke stand – st oo d wear - w o r e steal – st o l e win - w o n swim – sw a m write -wr o te take - t oo k
Определите форму следующих глаголов . I II cook, sleep, invited, bathe, had, spoke, fought, eat, drew, bought, cleaned, discussed, knew, prepare, depend, cry, sewed, went, crossed, correct, decorated, begun, afraid, danced, celebrate, took, learnt.
Выпишите в правый столбик правильные глаголы, а в левый – неправильные: forget, cut, think, cross, have, ask, read, look, change, swim, study, go, tell, pick, put, win, be, bring, watch, catch, teach, cover, answer, blow, clean, mean, drive, dance, fade, gather, travel, run, play, answer.
Напишите три формы следующих глаголов : to rain, to sing, to sleep, to run, to wait, to cut, to watch, to look, to make, to get, to go, to speak, to ring, to shut, to take, to stop, to write, to travel, to sit, to tie, to play, to begin, to give, to do, to stand.
Make up sentences and say what you did I played to school yesterday. did for a walk last month. went computer games 6 days ago. took a book last night. homework a week ago .
Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Past Simple . 1. I (know) all the words very well. 2.She (write) the letter. 3. Yesterday I (live) in the country. 4.We (see) the film a week ago. 5. They (go) home by metro . 6. I (play) tennis last Saturday. 7. He (leave) two minutes ago. 8. My brother (work) in London in 1998. 9. We (rest) at the seaside 2 years ago. 10. Mary (take) off her coat. 11. He (stand) up and (walk)across the room. 12.They (be) at school yesterday. 13. The girl (see) somebody in the window. 14. The teacher (enter) the classroom .
did Отрицание в Past Simple not V She work ed in a cafe yesterday. She did not work in a cafe yesterday. Tom saw a film yesterday. Tom did not see a film yesterday.
1 . We got to the cinema twenty minutes ago. 2. She wrote the postcard last week. 3. The man came to the party an hour ago. 4. The family went to the seaside last year. 5. They were in Moscow last month. 6. Ann played basketball yesterday. 7. Children swam in the river yesterday. 8. I lived in St. Petersburg two years ago . Сделайте предложения отрицательными
Did Общий вопрос в Past Simple S V She work ed in a cafe yesterday. Did she work in a cafe yesterday? Tom saw a film yesterday. Did Tom see a film yesterday? ?
We visited our grandparents yesterday. He stopped in this village 2 years ago. They met Alice last week. The boy bought flowers yesterday. The wind became stronger. I did my homework in the evening. She washed her face and hands at 6 o’clock. I phoned my mum half an hour ago. The cat jumped and broke the vase. Задайте общий вопрос к предложениям
Wh Специальный вопрос в Past Simple S V She work ed in a cafe yesterday. Where did she work yesterday? Tom saw a film yesterday. What did Tom see yesterday? did ?
1 . I walked to school . (How) 2. He visited his granny last week. (When) 3. We went to the British Museum. (Where) 4. Mother went to the kitchen to cook. (Why) 5. I read the book two days ago. (When) 6. Father washed his car yesterday. (Where) 7. The students wrote the essay. (What) 8. The boy played tennis . (What) Задайте специальный вопрос к предложениям
Who Вопрос к подлежащему в Past Simple Ved/2V She work ed in a cafe yesterday. Who work ed in a cafe yesterday? Tom saw a film yesterday. Who saw a film yesterday? ?
Pete got up and washed his face. They played computer games. I watched TV yesterday evening. The girl painted a very nice picture. My granny liked knitting. The lesson finished at 5 o’clock. I bought a new dress yesterday. Задайте вопрос к подлежащему
Thank you for your work!!!
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Remember ! Простое прошедш ее время ( Past Simple Tense ) обозначает действия, которые произошли в прошлом
Remember ! Правильно говорить о том, что действие произошло в прошлом тебе помогут глаголы во II форме
Все глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные правильные like – lik ed watch – watch ed p lay – play ed c ount – count ed неправильные sleep – slept s wim – swam go – went h ave – had
Remember ! Слова-спутники прошедшего времени: yesterday - вчера the day before yesterday - позавчера last month – в прошлом месяце last year – в прошлом году last week – на прошлой неделе a year ago – год назад a week ago – неделю назад in 20 10 – в 2010 году
Compare: I go to school every day Boys play football. Grandma watches TV in the living room. I went to school yesterday. Girls played volleyball. Mom watched a film.
Расскажите о том, что вы делали вчера с друзьями
Remember! Чтобы задать вопрос или составить отрицательное предложение на помощь приходит вспомогательный глагол did
slept A cat yesterday. a cat sleep y esterday yesterday. Did d id not sleep A cat ?
Задайте вопросы My father played football yesterday. Did my father play football yesterday? His sister danced all night. Did his sister dance all night? My mother vizited her friends the day before yesterday. Did my mother vizit her friends the day before yesterday ?
Глагол – связка to be 1. I was 2. You were 3. He was She was It was 1. We were 2. You were 3. They were
Как задать вопрос? Was he happy? Were they happy?
Отрицательные формы was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t
He We was were in the park. in the park. not not
He They was were happy. happy. ? ? Как составить вопросительное предложение
Составьте вопросительные предложения We were in the park last Monday. Were we in the park last Monday? They were very happy. Were they very happy? She was a very good girl. Was she a very good girl? I was at school yesterday. Were you at school yesterday?
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Образование Present Perfect Passive This long text has just been translated.
Образование V3 Правильные глаголы V+ed opened dusted translated Неправильные глаголы V3 – изменение гласных и согласных written taken told
Образование отрицательной формы ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНАЯ ФОРМА образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы “NOT” , которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола “HAVE (HAS)” . This long text has not been translated yet. Этот длинный текст еще не переведен
Образование вопросительной формы Общий вопрос образуется постановкой вспомогательного глагола “HAVE (HAS)” перед подлежащим. Has this long text just been translated . Этот длинный текст только что переведен?
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ PAST PERFECT PASSIVE:
Образование отрицательной формы ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНАЯ ФОРМА образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы “NOT” , которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола “HAD” This article had not been translated by 5 o’clock. Эта статья не была переведена к пяти часам.
Образование вопросительной формы Общий вопрос образуется постановкой вспомогательного глагола “HAD” перед подлежащим. . Had this article been translated by 5 o’clock. Эта статья была переведена к пяти часам?
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ FUTURE PERFECT PASSIVE: This article WILL HAVE BEEN TRANSLATED by 5 o’clock. Эта статья будет переведена к пяти часам.
Образование отрицательной формы ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНАЯ ФОРМА образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы “NOT” , которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола “SHALL / WILL” This article WILL NOT HAVE BEEN TRANSLATED by 5 o’clock. Эта статья не будет переведена к пяти часам.
Образование вопросительной формы Общий вопрос образуется постановкой вспомогательного глагола “shall / will” перед подлежащим. WILL this article HAVE BEEN TRANSLATED by 5 o’clock. Эта статья будет переведена к пяти часам ?
Mary has told me the news. How many pages will you have read by five o'clock tomorrow? They have already discussed the novel. I haven't yet translated the article. Has the secretary typed the letters? When I came home, mother had already cooked dinner. Mother has made some coffee. Have you ironed your dress yet? When father returned from work, we had already done our homework. When the teacher entered the classroom, the pupils had already opened their books. I have invited some friends to tea. She has given me an English book. Practice Perfect Passive Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice :
13. I shall have done my homework by six o'clock tomorrow. 14. Will you have done this work by next Sunday? 15. Have you written the letter yet? 16. They have told us a lot о f interesting things. 17. When you come to my place tomorrow, I shall have read your book. 18. The students have written the test-paper without mistakes. 19. The children have scattered about a lot of things. 20. The girl has put all the books into the bookcase. 21. They have built excellent shelters for tourists in these mountains. 22. Have you given the exercises to all the students? 23. Have dogs ever attacked you?
Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice. Введите любые подходящие подлежащие . 1.This mountain has never been climbed before. 2. She told me that those newspapers had been carefully put away where they would not be lost. 3. Why have these cups been put here in this cupboard? 4. Invitations have been sent to all the old pupils to be present at the school's thirteenth anniversary. 5. All the passengers in the bus were listening to the story of the boy who had been saved from drowning by the quickness of the driver. 6. Have your compositions been handed in? 7. What has been said is true. 8. After the facts had been thoroughly explained to her, she no longer felt worried. 9. The light has not yet been turned off. 10. The papers had been looked through and corrected by the next lesson. 11. The letter has just been sent. 12. Have all these books been read? 13. The chicken was eaten with appetite. 14. It was so dark, that the houses could not be seen.
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The situation : You are с ustomers who would like to order food at restaurant
What should we know to order food there?
We should know the names of food/drinks
We should know polite phrases for ordering food
I s it useful to revise (remind you) the basic rules for using Countable/Uncountable nouns and rules for using some/any/much/many/How many/How much?
The basic rules for using Countable/Uncountable nouns and rules for using some/any/much/many/How many/How much? Affirmative (+) ( утверждение) Interrogative (?) Negative (-) Countable/ Uncountable Some There are (some) apples. There is some cheese. Any Are there any apples? Is there any cheese? Any There aren’t any apples. There isn’t any cheese.
When do we use How much/how many?
We use How many with countable nouns. We use how much with uncountable nouns.
It’s time for your examples
Write a/an or some _____ rice _____ apple _____ spaghetti ( uncountable) _____ banana _____ butter _____ bread _____ egg _____ spoon ( ложка) _____ milk _____ salt _____ water _____ ice cream _____ tea _____ coffee
t o m a t o i p l l e m o n k i p a s t a i v n e g g y c o u e g f i s h n s a c a k e i o h p a c r i c e m p i f x o k a u l j a b r e a d e m e a t n o l m Find 12 words and write them down below .
Fill in the gaps with some/any Is there ______ juice on the table? – Yes, there is ______ juice on the table. Give me ______ butter please. – But there isn’t ______ butter in the fridge. Are there ______ shopping malls in the center of the city? – Yes, there are ______ shopping malls in the center of the city. Are there ______ flowers in the garden? – No, there aren’t ______ flowers there. Give me ______ bread please. Is there ______ jam for tea? – Yes, there is ______ jam for tea.
Write much or many How __________children are there in your class? How _________ milk do you want in your tea? How _________ bread do you eat every day? How _________players are there in a football team? How ________eggs do you need for the salad? How ___________ cheese did you buy? How ___________ friends do you have ?
Which sentences does the cashier say ? Which does the customer say ? Take away, please Can I take you order? I’d like a large cheeseburger, please. Would you like anything to drink with that? Is that eat in or takeaway? Here you are. An orange juice, please. Enjoy your meal. Thank you.
What is the English for : Можно принять у вас заказ? ____________________________________ Вы будете кушать здесь или возьмете с собой? ____________________________________ Вы бы хотели какой-нибудь напиток? ____________________________________ Я бы хотел большой чизбургер , пожалуйста. ____________________________________ Спасибо. Приятного аппетита. _______________________________ _____
Let’s try to act out several dialogs between a customer and the cashier.
Now I can… Talk about food Order food/drinks Talk about my birthday party
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MANY, MUCH, A LOT OF переводятся как МНОГО. Но: MANY употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными, MUCH с неисчисляемыми , A LOT OF и с теми , и с другими
Местоимения LITTLE и FEW на русский язык переводятся как – мало. Но: FEW употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными, а LITTLE с неисчисляемыми
MANY We don`t need many s in the room. I don`t eat many s. There are many s in the kitchen-garden . I see many s in the yard .
MUCH Do you have much ? There is no much in the tap. You must not eat much I don`t drink much
Вставьте вместо пропусков much или many 1.She ate __ice-cream and has got a sore throat. 2. Have you _____work to do? 3. There are_____many apples on the plate. 4. I spend _____time for reading. 5. Children have brought_____mushrooms. 6. Pupils have ______questions. 7. He made _____ mistakes in reading. 8. Do you have_____money?
FEW There are few s in the zoo. There are few s in the vase. I can see few s on the farm. There are few s in my schoolbag.
LITTLE There is little in the sauce-pan. We can see little in the darkness. I have little in my pocket. There is little in the river.
Вставьте вместо пропусков LITTLE и FEW There is ______milk in the bottle. He has ______English books at home. Give me ______money, I haven`t got any. We have very _____time, hurry up! She received _____letters from her granny. I have _____work for today. There is _____salt in the soup. Put _____lemons in your basket.
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Различие между to be going to do something и Future Simple Конструкция to be going to + глагол используется для запланированных действий в будущем, в то время как глаголы во Future Simple служат для выражения предсказаний, решений или идей, пришедших в голову в момент разговора. Эти действия могут не произойти , поскольку не были запланированы ранее.
Указатели времени Future Simple tomorrow завтра the day after tomorrow послезавтра next week на следующей неделе next month в следующем месяце next year в следующем году in a day через день in two weeks через две недели in five years через пять лет in the future в будущем
Образование утвердительных предложений во времени Future Simple Подлежащее + will / shall + глагол I He She It will by this car. We You They
Translate into Russian 1. They will phone me in two days. Они позвонят мне через два дня. 2. We will watch an interesting film tomorrow. Мы завтра посмотрим интересный фильм. 3. Peter will come to my birthday. Пётр придёт на мой день рождения. 4. I will use my sleeping bag in May. Я использую мой спальный мешок в мае. 5. They will fly to London in two days. Через два дня они улетят в Лондон. 6. My friends will give me presents . Мои друзья подарят мне подарки.
Fill in the gaps. Use will . 1. They … come next week. 2. We … meet you at the station tomorrow. 3. Mark … come by bus in a month. 4. Our teacher … speak English to us in February. 5. It … snow in January.
Обратите внимание , что will в утвердительных предложениях часто используется в сокращенной форме ‘will (will = ‘ll)
Перепишите предложение, используя сокращённую форму will I will wash the floor. – I’ ll wash the floor . They will visit France in a year. She will work in the hospital in ten years. My father will come home late on Monday. Next summer we will go to Kiev. My sister will go out for lunch next Saturday.
Перепишите текст в будущем времени. Alice gets up and then she walks her dog. Alice will get up and then she will walk her dog . She has breakfast. She will have breakfast. At eight o’clock she goes to school. At eight o’clock she will go to school. She always goes to school by bicycle. She will go to school by bicycle. She stops and says hello to her neighbors . She will stop and say hello to her neighbors. She has five lessons at school. She will have five lessons at school . Alice comes home and does her homework. Alice will come home and do her homework. She cooks dinner for her family. She will cook dinner for her family. In the evening Alice reads a book or watches TV. In the evening Alice will read a book or will watch TV.
Translate into English 1 . Я пойду в музей завтра. I will go to the museum tomorrow . 2. Друзья украсят комнату на мой день рождения. My friends will decorate the room on my birthday. 3. Я позвоню маме на следующей неделе. I will phone my mother next week. 4. Он купит билет через два дня. He will buy the ticket in two days. 5. Завтра Том начнёт эту работу. Tom will start this work tomorrow.
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I will have written the letter before you come tomorrow. ( Я напишу письмо до того, как ты придёшь). I will have written a letter by 5 o’clock/ by that time tomorrow/ by the end of the week/. The Future Perfect Active will+have+written (Participle II)
Future Perfect Passive will + have+been + V3 (Past participle ) He will have been asked by professor by 5 o’clock tomorrow. ( Профессор опросит его завтра до 5 часов.)
Future Continuous will+ be +writing (Participle I) 1. I will be writing a letter when you come tomorrow at 5o’clock. 2. I will be writing the letter the whole day tomorrow . 3. While I will be writing a letter, my sister will be cooking dinner.
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THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES Есть 3 способа образования степеней сравнения английских прилагательных : 1. при помощи суффиксов –er , – est 2. при помощи слов more (более), the most (наиболее) 3. путем образования степеней сравнения от разных корней ( в исключениях )
КОРОТКИЕ СЛОВА (1,2 СЛОГА) - ER - EST POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE SMALL SMALL ER THE SMALL EST COLD COLD ER THE COLD EST NARROW NARROW ER THE NARROW EST CLEVER CLEVER ER THE CLEVER EST SIMPLE SIMPLE R THE SIMPL EST
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE B I G BIG GER THE BIGG EST F A T FAT TER THE FAT TEST H O T HOT TER THE HOT TEST S A D SAD DER THE SAD DEST - ER - EST
-y (y → i) - ER - EST POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE BU S Y BUS IER THE BUS IEST HAP P Y HAPP IER THE HAPP IEST CO S Y COS IER THE COS IEST ANG R Y ANGR IER THE ANGR IEST
more most difficult more difficult the most difficult beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
good - хороший better - лучше the best - самый лучший, наилучший bad - плохой worse - хуже the worst - самый плохой, наихудший little - маленький less – меньше the least - самый маленький, наименьший many, much - много more – больше the most - больше всего REMEMBER!
compare ordinary uniform Parade uniform beautiful / comfortable
Complete the sentences with comparative degree The weather today is ……. than yesterday. Winter is….than summer. English is ….than Japanese. Summer is….than winter. Winter is …..season of the year. Dogs are …. than cats. My brother is….. than I. My sister speaks English …… than I do. The tiger is ….. than the cat He is…. student in our group
Complete the sentences EXAMPLE : This cat is ...than that cat. (big) This cat is bigger than that cat. This monkey is … than that monkey. (funny) This cat is … than that cat. (lazy) This woman is … than that woman. (busy) This film is … (good) This book is … than that book. (bad) Peter is … boy in her class. (short) This pig is … than that pig. (fat) Ann is … girl in their class. (lazy) This tomato is … than that tomato. (small)
HOT LONG SHORT SILLY WHITE INTERESTING DRY BEAUTIFUL GOOD FAR DEEP BAD POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
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Утвердительное предложение Вопросительное предложение Отрицательное предложение I can You can He can She can Can I? Can you? Can he? Can she? I cannot=can't You cannot=can't He cannot=can't She cannot=can't
swim. jump . dance . play football . I CAN sing. roller – skate . play computer games . fly . play tennis
swim. jump . dance . play football . I CAN NOT sing. roller – skate . play computer games . fly . play tennis
Общий вопрос He can swim. Can he swim ? Ответ: Yes, he can. Да. No, he can not. Нет .
New words: to read [ ri:d ] – читать to jump [d з mp ] – прыгать to dance [ da:ns ] – танцевать to run [r n] – бегать to write [ rait ] – писать
Look at the pictures.
« A super cat » My cat can sing, my cat can walk, My cat can watch TV. My cat can do so many things And it can play with me! My cat can't play computer games And can't sit on my bed. But all in all. But all in all It is a super cat.
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DO YOU HAVE ANY RIGHTS? At school At home In the street
The Convention on the Rights of the Child
The Convention …..is the first International document on the Rights of the Child ….spells out the basic human rights of children …. includes 54 articles …..was approved by the UN on the 20 th November of 1989 ….was ratified by Russia in 1990
As a child or a young person you have the right: to live (obvious but important) to choose your own religion to an education to be with you parents to be protected from abuse and neglect to express the views you have to a decent standard of living to choose your friends and hang out with them to be protected from all forms of cruelty, exploitation and torture.
Guess the meaning of the words decent оскорбление Abuse поддерживать, защищать Neglect игнорировать torture порядочный Uphold пытать, истязать
Translate into Russian Right Be in the right Be within your rights By right Responsibility Take responsibility for Responsibility to
Match the halves Following the rules freedom of speech Consequences result from a right If you don’t accept responsibility to feel safe Equal opportunity is is a responsibility Everyone has a right not accepting responsibilities One right is other people can lose their rights
Discuss these questions Do you know about your rights? How do you find out about your rights? Do you think young people in general know about their rights? What can you do help them learn?
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To be keen on smth. - сильно желать чего-либо, страстно любить, увлекаться чем-то. He is keen on opera- он увлекается оперой I am not very keen on football- я не особенный любитель футбола
I think, we are going to talk about… England Sports Hobbies School
learn new words practice new words sing a song play a game read a text work with a dictionary make up a dialogue make up a monologue
Basketball [´bɑ:skɪtbɔ:l] Karate [kə'rɑ:tɪ] Rock clim b ing [rɒk 'klaɪmɪŋ] Diving ['daɪvɪŋ] Football ['fυtbɔ:l] Dance [dɑ:ns] Gymnastics [dʒɪm'næstɪks] Hunting ['hʌntɪŋ] Pigeon racing ['pɪdʒǝn'reɪsɪŋ] Sailing ['seɪlɪŋ] Boating ['bəυtɪŋ] V olleyball ['vɒlɪbɔ:l] B aseball ['beɪsbɔ:l] S urf-riding ['sɜ:fraɪdɪŋ] jogging ['dʒɒɡɪŋ] Snowboarding [snəυ'bɔ:dɪŋ ] Tennis ['tenɪs] Mountain biking ['maυntɪn̗ baɪk i ŋ] Ice skating [aɪs skeɪtɪŋ] Judo ['dʒu:dəυ] Skiing ['ski:ɪŋ] Long jump ['lɒŋdʒʌmp] Athletics [æθ'letɪks] Chess [tʃes] Cycling ['saɪklɪŋ] B adminton ['bædmɪntǝn] G olf [ɡɒlf] Bowling ['bəulɪŋ] Yoga ['jəugə] Phonetic Drill
Let us recall the kinds of sports
Speech drill Do you like sports ? Do you like watching sports ? Do you do any sports ? What games do you play at school ? What kinds of sport would you like to learn in Physical Education ? How do you think the Physical Education is important ?
Name the sports!
Name the sports!
Name the sports!
Name the sports!
Следует пояснить следующее : to play = to take part in a sport , a game ; to do = to take part in a sport alone for enjoyment; to go = to take part in a sport or activity for enjoyment and not in order to compete against people.
play , go or do ??? We ___________ games: I __________ football. 2) We __________ activities: I _________ yoga. 3) We ________ doing something: I _______ shopping every weekend. play play do do go go
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florist’s
Shoe shop
newsagent’s
chemist’s
record shop
greengrocer’s
bakery
jeweller’s
Fast food restaurant
Book shop
Clothes shop
Toy shop
florist’s shoe shop clothes shop Where is the clothes shop? - It’s next to the shoe shop. Where is the shoe shop? The shoe shop is between the florist’s and the clothes shop . next to - следующий between - между
a CD a pair of shoes A magazine A ring a CD some aspirin Some tulips A skirt A teddy bear
A/An - The Benny’s is a shoe shop. The shop is next to Karen’s.
I have … apple every day. Is there … toy shop in this town? I am going to the chemist’s on … fifth floor. I want to buy … new pair of shoes. Kate always has … party on her Birthday. Fill in a, an or the: an a the a a
shopping centre / mall
Past Simple - простое прошедшее Affirmative - утвердительная форма глагол to be I was You were He was She was It was We were You were They were
Past Simple - простое прошедшее Negative - отрицательная форма глагол to be was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t I was not at the mall yesterday . We were not at the mall yesterday.
Как задать вопрос? Interrogative – вопросительная форма Was she at the mall yesterday ? Were they at the mall yesterday ?
Yesterday The day before yesterday Last week Last month Last year …ago Once Слова-спутники прошедшего времени:
ten days ago last summer yesterday a week ago the day before yesterday last year a month ago 10 дней тому назад позавчера в прошлом году неделю тому назад прошлым летом вчера месяц тому назад
Home task: p. 106 ex.1 – words, p.107 ex. 3b
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Asking for directions Where’ s the…? – Где находится …? How do I get to…? – К ак добраться до…? Could you tell me how to get to…? – Не могли бы Вы сказать, как добраться до…?
Giving directions Go up/down – идите вверх / вниз… It’s on your right / left… - Э то справа/ слева… Turn left / right… - Поверните налево/ направо It’s on the corner of - это находится на углу... It’s next to / near / opposite/ between … - Это находится за/ около/ напротив/ между…
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The World around Us Nature Places Plants and animals
The aims : To learn new words about the World To learn new plants and places around us To remember the adjectives To remember how we compare ( сравнивать ) things
Nature Weather: Rain – rainy Snow – snowy Sun – sunny Fog – foggy Wind - windy Cloud - cloudy Hot Warm Cool Cold Frosty
Water
Places Space Planet Earth Continent Island Country City Field Forest Mountain Hill
Plants
Animals Birds – dove, eagle Fish – shark, salmon Insects – fly, bee Wild animals – tiger, wolf Domestic animals – cat, cow
The World around Us
Long – long er - the long est cold – cold er – the cold est fast – fast er – the fast est beautiful – more beautiful - the most interesting – more interesting - the most interesting beautiful
What’s the coldest country you know? What animal is the fastest? What flower is the nicest? Where is the hottest weather? What bird is the biggest? What ocean is the warmest? What’ s the longest river you know?
What is more dangerous - a bee or a whale? What is smaller – the Black Sea or the Ladoga Lake? What is more beautiful – the sunset of the sunrise? What is smarter – a dog or a dove? What is kinder – a lion or a hamster? What is noisier – a parrot or a spider?
The results
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THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE ( Настоящее простое время) Случаи употребления простого настоящего времени: 1. Обычные, регулярно повторяющиеся действия; I do morning exercises every day. Каждое утро я делаю зарядку. Указатели времени: every day – каждый день usually, normally – обычно often – часто always – всегда sometimes – иногда seldom - редко
2. Общеизвестная истина; The sun rises in the East. Солнце восходит на востоке. 3. Последовательность событий, действий в настоящем времени. I get up at 7 o’clock, eat breakfast and go to school. Я встаю в 7 часов, завтракаю и иду в школу.
Спряжение глаголов в the Present Simple Tense : Утвердительная форма I You We They He She It work s work Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма Do I you we they work? Does he she it work? I You We They He She It do not work (don’t) does not work (doesn’t) Правильно пишем и произносим: Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на – ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o -es , читается / iz/ I watch he watch es Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на согласную + y y+ -ies , читается / z/ I study he stud ies
Present Simple ( настоящее простое время) Повествовательное (утвердительное) предложение
To Be I am a pupil He She It is a pupil You We They a re pupil s
I You We They h ave (got) a dog He She It h as (got) a dog Wow!
do does I You We They r ead a book He She It r ead s a book
Present Simple Отрицательное предложение Not Not Not Not Not Not Not
To Be I am not a pupil He She It i s not a pupil You We They a re not pupil s
I You We They h ave not a cat He She It has not a cat
I You We They Do not = Don’t d on’t like a pie He She It Doesn’t like a pie Does not = doesn’t
Present Simple Общий вопрос
Is he a pupil? Yes, he is Have you a dog? Yes, I have Has she a cat? Yes, she has Do you read a book? Yes, I do Does she like an ice-cream? Yes, she does
Is he a pupil? She isn’t Have you a dog? I haven’t Has she a cat? She hasn’t Do you read a book? No, I don’t Does she like an ice-cream? No, she doesn’t
Present Simple Who? Вопрос к подлежащему
Who are you? Кто? Who is he? Кто? Who read s a book? Кто? Who like s an ice-cream? Кто?
Present simple Специальный вопрос What Where When
1. What is he? What ? Where? 2. What do you have? When? Why? How? 3. What does he read? How many? How much? 4. What do you eat?
Сделай вопрос! 1. They have an English book . - What do they have? or - What have they? 2. He has a red USSR scarf. - Who has a red USSR scarf? 3. The child has many toys. - How many toys has the child? or - How many toys has the child?
Сделай отрицательное предложение и вопросительное 1 . This is a cat - This isn’t a cat. - Is this a cat? 2 . They are drivers. - They aren’t drivers. - Are they drivers? 3. I am at home. - I am not at home. - Are you at home?
Поставь все типы вопросов She gets up at 8 o’clock. - Does she get up at 8 o’clock? - Does she get up at 8 o’clock or at 11 o’clock? - Who gets up at 8 o’clock? - When does she get up? - She gets up at 8 o’clock, doesn’t she ? - She doesn’t get up at 8 o’clock, does she ?
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Present Simple – это простое настоящее время. Употребление: 1. Типичное действие 1)Регулярные повторяющиеся действия 2)Универсальные факты 3)Расписания транспорта 4)Чувства и мысли 2. Важная информация в прошлом
Образование Present Simple . Present Simple в утвердительных предложениях образуется с помощью инфинитива (т.е. глагола в первой форме). К форме 3 лица ед.ч . прибавляется окончание –s\ es .
Отрицательные предложения формируются по схеме: do not ( don’t ) + инфинитив does not ( doesn’t ) + инфинитив Вопросительные предложения формируются по схеме: Do + S (подлежащее) + инфинитив Does + S (подлежащее) + инфинитив
Past Simple – простое прошедшее время. Предложения, в которых оно использовано, относят нас к прошлым событиям, которые никак не связаны с настоящим. Это время допустимо использовать только в контексте прошлого, который может быть подчеркнут: а) разнообразными обстоятельствами времени: уesterday , last ( that ) Sunday , the day before yesterday , last ( that ) week \ month \ year , ago , in 2010, on the 20 of November б ) другими действиями в прошлом: Alexis came when Sophia was already asleep . – Алексис пришла, когда София уже спала.
Past Simple употребляется для обозначения: 1) простых единичных действий, которые произошли в прошлом, или фактов, относящихся к прошлому. Mia was a beauty . – Миа была красавицей. Logan didn’t hear what Gabriel said . – Логан не слышал, что сказал Габриэль. 2) привычных , повторяющихся действий в прошлом. All summer Aidan got up at 5. – Все лето Эйдон вставал в 5. 3) Нескольких последовательных действий в прошлом. Luke got up , put on his ridiculous hat and left . - Люк встал, надел свою нелепую шляпу и вышел. 4) Действий , событий или процессов, которые происходили в определенный момент прошлого с глаголами, которые не имеют формы Continuous . Austin didn’t understand what Jennifer was talking about . – Остин не понимал, о чем говорила Дженифер . 5) Будущих действий в условных предложениях I типа, переданных в косвенной речи. Sean said Madeline would come if nothing unexpected happened .
Past Simple Tense
Future Simple – это простое будущее время. Future Simple употребляется для обозначения: 1) простых одиночных действий, которые произойдут в будущем: Logan will return in May. – Логан вернется в мае. 2) последовательности действий в будущем: Dylan will take Anna to town. They will do shopping. They’ll be back late. – Дилан возьмет Анну в город. Они будут делать покупки. Они вернутся поздно. 3) повторяющихся действий в будущем: Samuel will see Jasmine often in winter. – Зимой Самуэль будет часто навещать Жасмин.
Future Simple Tense
Ex. 1 . Put the verb in the Present, Past or Future Simple We … (go) roller-skating last Saturday. Our granny … (bake) meat-pies every weekend. We … (write) an essay tomorrow. I really … (enjoy) the opera yesterday. Where your husband … (work) five years ago? British people … (prefer) tea to coffee. Tom , you … (meet) me at the railway station next Sunday? 8. Where she usually … (celebrate) her birthdays? 9. … you (have) a big family? 10. Newton … (invent) the telescope in 1668. 11. When … this accident (happen)? 12. I always … (send) Christmas cards to my grandparents
Ex. 2. Write the negative. This coat belongs to Jane. I drive to Moscow once a month. Your boss is very impudent. The car stopped near the bank. The soup was delicious. The concert will start at 7 p.m. Her shoes are dirty. I bought the curtains for my bedroom. I am a football fan. Their wedding will be in spring.
Ex. 3. Translate into English. Он сделает упражнение по английскому языку, если у него не будет других дел. Если я не помогу ему, он не напишет контрольную работу завтра. Он не пойдет в библиотеку сегодня вечером. Если он не пойдет в библиотеку, он будет дома. Мы будем дома завтра. Если мы будем дома завтра, мы посмотрим эту программу по телевизору. Ее не будет завтра дома. Если ее не будет завтра дома, оставьте ей записку. Завтра погода будет хорошая. Если завтра погода будет хорошая, мы поедем за город. Когда она приходит в школу, она снимает пальто.
12. Когда она придет в школу, она снимет пальто. 13. Как только он вспоминает эту смешную сцену, он начинает смеяться. 14 . Как только он вспомнит эту смешную сцену, он начнет смеяться. 15 . Я приду домой в шесть часов. 16 . Когда я приду домой, я позвоню вам. 17 . Она позвонит нам вечером. 18 . Если она позвонит вам, попросите ее принести мне книгу. 19 . Я увижу Тома завтра. 20 . Как только я увижу Тома, я расскажу ему об этом. 21 . Я поеду в Париж на будущей неделе. 22 . Перед тем, как я поеду в Париж, я позвоню вам.
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the 1. Стороны света , полюса регионы t he South , t he North Pole , t he Far East 2. Океаны, моря, реки, озёра, группы озер, групп островов, заливы (gulfs), проливы, течения, каналы, водопады The Atlantic Ocean , t he Red Sea , the Thames , , t he Baikal , the Great Lakes , the British Isles , the Gulf of Mexico , the Gulf Stream , the Niagara Falls 3. Перед существительными, являющимися един- ственными в своём роде The Solar System
the 4. Перед названиями горных цепей, пустынь , равнин, долин The Alps , the Caucasus , the Sahara, t he Great Plains , the Mississippi Valley 5 . Перед названиями стран, содержащих слова: republic, union, kingdom, states, federation the Russian Federation , the United Kingdom , the Irish Republic; и в некоторых исключениях the Netherlands , the Ukraine , the Philippines , the Argentine , the Vatican City , the Congo
Zero Article (No Article) 1. Перед названиями стран в единственном числе Russia, Spain 2. Перед названиями островов, горных вершин Jamaica, Cuba, Cyprus, Elbrus, Everest 3. Перед названиями континентов Africa, Asia 4. Перед названиями городов, деревень, улиц, площадей Khabarovsk, Lenin street, Red Square
Zero Article (No Article) 5. Со словами north(ern), ancient, old, central, medieval, etc. Central America 6. С названиями штатов California, Ohio 7. С названиями планет Venus, Mars Attention !!! the Baikal , но _ Lake Baikal
Test “ Articles with geographical names”
Keys for test: “ Articles with geographical names”