Материалы для подготовки к ЕГЭ

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

Рекомендуемое время на выполнение данного раздела — ЗО минут Максимально 20 баллов за верное выполнение всех заданий раздела

Данный раздел экзамена состоит из трех заданий. Каждое зада ние проверяет тот или иной вид чтения: понимание основного содер жания текста, понимание структурно-смысловых связей текста, де тальное понимание текста.

1. Задание В2 Базового уровня (7 баллов) с кратким ответом (за дание на соответствие). Это задание на контроль умений просмотро вого чтения, направленного на понимание основного содержания прочитанного.
2. Задание ВЗ Повышенного уровня (6 баллов) с кратким ответом (задание на соответствие). Это задание на контроль понимания струк турно-смысловых связей текста.
3. Задание А15-А21 Высако.го__уровмя (7 баллов) с выбором ответа из четырех предложенных (задание на множественный выбор). Это задание на контроль изучающего чтения, направленного на детальное понимание прочитанного.

Желательно заранее ознакомиться с форматом данной части эк замена и установками, предлагаемыми к каждому заданию. Установ ки к заданиям, как правило, формулируются одинаково во всех ва риантах ЕГЭ — это позволит сэкономить время на экзамене.

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Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

ПЕРВОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ (62) Понимание основного содержания текста

В данном задании надо установить соответствие между заголов ком, (темой или кратким утверждением) и небольшим текстом. В за дании предлагаются семь коротких текстов, отмеченных цифрами 1-7 и восемь заголовков (тем, или кратких утверждений), отмеченных бу квами А-Н. Один заголовок (тема или краткое утверждение) — лиш нее. За каждое правильно установленное соответствие дается 1 балл. За все задание можно получить максимально 7 баллов.

ЦЕЛЬ ЗАДАНИЯ: проверить умение

<$>    понимать основное содержание или основную идею высказывания; Ф    отделять главное от второстепенного; <^    игнорировать избыточную информацию;

<$> игнорировать незнакомые слова, не мешающие пониманию ос новной идеи или основного содержания высказывания.

СОВЕТЫ ПО ЭФФЕКТИВНОМУ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЯ До чтения текстов

1. Заранее ознакомиться с форматом задания и с требованиями по заполнению бланков для данного задания.
2. Прочитать заголовки (темы или краткие утверждения) и попы таться определить:

1. что их объединяет (тема, проблема, ситуация, ключевое слово и т.д.);
2. чем они отличаются друг от друга (проблемой, отношением к проблеме и т.д.)

1. В процессе изучения заголовков (тем, кратких утверждений) подчеркивать в них ключевые слова, делать другие пометки, по могающие понять их смысл и отличия.
2. Глядя на заголовки, попытаться предвосхитить основное содер жание текста, подходящего к каждому из них нему по смыслу, а также те слова, которые необходимы для раскрытия данной те мы/ проблемы/ ситуации.

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Раздел 2. Чтение. Первое задание (В2)

Во время первого прочтения

1. Последовательно просматривать каждый из предложенных тек стов, игнорируя незнакомые слова и выражения, не углубляясь в детальное понимание его содержания. После беглого просмотра каждого текста подобрать к нему один или несколько возможных заголовков, предложенных в задании.
2. По мере прочтения каждого текста отмечать все возможные ва рианты ответа, указывая нужные буквы рядом с текстом или нужные цифры рядом с буквами.
3. Делать нужные исправления по ходу чтения, т.к. после ознаком ления с другими текстами некоторые варианты предыдущих от ветов будут определяться точнее, в том числе, и отпадать мето дом исключения.
4. При возникших затруднениях с определением соответствия тек ста заголовку (теме, краткому утверждению), прочитать текст и попытаться сформулировать его основную идею самостоятельно, затем выбрать наиболее близкую по содержанию из оставшихся вариантов ответа и отметить ее.

Во время второго прочтения

1. Обратить особое внимание на тексты, где изначально были вы браны несколько возможных соответствий.
2. Обосновать самому себе выбор того или иного соответствия с опо рой на текст.
3. Проверить правильность других выбранных соответствий.

После прочтения

1. Записать окончательный вариант ответа в таблицу после задания.
2. Определить лишний заголовок (тему, краткое утверждение).
3. Еще раз проверить точность записи всех ответов.

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Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1

Установите соответствие между заголовками А-Н и тек стами 1-7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A.        Thoughtless behaviour

B.        Benefits of private business

C.        Too complicated to use

D.        Bad for business

E.        Science brings hope

F.        A Road incident

G.        More parking places
H. Personal choice

1. City centre parking is expensive and many important roads are now closed to private transport. This would be fine — if public transport was cheap and convenient, but it is neither. The result is that people are avoiding the city centre so restaurants, cinemas and shops are closing.
2. The motorcyclist drew along side and I heard abusive language as he banged on the car roof. I immediately locked the car doors and tried to work out was wrong. He then shouted that I had almost collided with him. Truth to tell — I didn't see him until now. I tried to apologise but he wouldn't listen.
3. They now have cars that run on electricity, solar power and even on vegetable oil. New petrol engines are super efficient and make less harmful emissions. More people are working from home because of advances in communication technology and computer security. At last we have some grounds for optimism.

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Раздел 2. Чтение. Первое задание (В2)

1. As she approached the traffic lights the driver in front of her tipped out a mess of fast food boxes, polystyrene cups and chip bags. She pressed her horn angrily. "Why don't people consider what they do", she wondered helplessly. "Some one will have to clear this up and we all have to pay for it."
2. Sarah has worked for herself more than 10 years now. It had been risky but now her interior decoration business is a success. She loves being her own boss. It constantly amazes her that her friends in big corporations believe they have job security. How can they think this way when these companies are constantly firing people to make bigger profits?
3. It was not easy deciding. It never is when buying a new car. Reliability and comfort are big issues as are fuel economy, maintenance and so forth. A car has to feel right as well. Price and value for money are also critical. But in the end Ralph made his decision confident that it was just the right one for him.
4. Jane studied the small print. To make a successful insurance claim for her accident she needed so much information. Several complicated forms took hours to complete. She then needed three independent quotations, a witness statement, and a police statement and after everything she still had to pay the first J500 anywa

Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2

В2

 Установите соответствие между заголовками А—Н и тек стами 1~7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

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 A.        Just in time

B.        Just in case

C.        Eventful life

D.        A curious case

E.        Reduced Expectations

F.        Royal brother

G.        Royal ancestor
H. Double trouble

1. I am a mother of identical, mirror-image boys — David and John. No one in the family but me can tell them apart. I am constantly amazed at how close they are. Once when they were babies David was ill, but it was John who began crying wildly. I tried to calm John first since I was sure nothing was wrong with him. But he only cried louder. I finally gave up with him and gave some medicine to David — who really was unwell. As soon as John sensed his brother felt better, he immediately settled to sleep — like turning off a switch.
2. The 12 year old was playing near the Platte River in North Bend, Nebraska. The river was high and as the boy stepped in, the current pushed his legs away. He floated off, spinning in the powerful current. At the last possible moment before the rapids, his yells were heard by his dog. It jumped in, reached the boy and towed him ashore. Another second and the boy would have been swept away to certain death.
3. Armgaard Karl Graves, referred to in press reports as 'the Glasgow Spy', was convicted in Scotland under the Official Secrets Act (1911) for spying on the British Navy. He spent years successfully creating an identity as an Australian doctor and in Scotland "furthered" his medical training and even conducted important clinical experiments. But he was

Раздел 2. Чтение. Первое задание (В2)

eventually caught by a suspicious post office worker as he sent and received post under a variety of assumed names.

1. Zsa Zsa Gabor was born in Budapest on February 6th, 1917. Now in her 90s she has had a long and varied life. She was a beauty queen and singer before becoming a famous screen actress. Latterly her fame grew from her many public appearances from the 1970's onwards. She was married 8 times but only had one child with second husband, Conrad Hilton. Her last marriage to Frederic von Anhalt gave her the honorary title Prinzessin von Anhalt.
2. "Who do you think you are" is one of my favourite TV programs. Each episode researches the family history of a celebrity, back into the mists of time. It gives them a sense, genetically speaking, of who they really are. In the UK there are good records of births, marriages and deaths going back hundreds of years. One of the best episodes was on Boris Johnson, the Mayor of London. He was thrilled when he discovered he was directly related to King George II.
3. Paris Hilton is a famous socialite, media personality, actress, model and singer. In 2007 her grandfather Barron Hilton pledged 97% of his estate to a charitable foundation founded by his father. A value of more than 2 billion US dollars was cited in press reports. Many now believe that Paris and the other grandchildren have had their potential inheritance sharply reduced. Others have commented that this news was unlikely to place severe limitations on her future life style.
4. Andy always travels well equipped for any potential possibility. He has a sewing repair kit and a small medical kit with aspirin etc. These are, I suppose, perfectly sensible. But what about a ball of string, tape measure, masking tape, Swiss army penknife, disposable cutlery, disinfectant, dry bags and an inflatable back rest? Andy says you never know what might happen and it's always best to be prepared.

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Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №3

В2

 Установите соответствие между заголовками А-Н и тек стами 1-7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

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 A.        Difficult job

B.        Happy times

C.        The fastest way

D.        Now or never

E.        Mission Impossible

F.        Animal rights

G.        Hardly likely
H. Warm welcome

1. My dog is a Border Collie called Rags. We have a big garden and Rags is taken for walks mornings and evenings. But he gets lonely during the day. This probably accounts for his mad greeting everyday when we return. He woofs, wags and jumps in a blur of delight - so happy to see that we're home!
2. Once a week we get a spelling test and we have to memorise fifty new words. I generally get 45 or more but it is too difficult to get them all. I mean this is on top of all the other homework we have to do. How on earth do they expect us to find the time?
3. It's really hard for the nurses. They often work 12 hour shifts and in environment that could mean life or death if they make a mistake. And their pay is so low. Yet most of them just get on with it without complaining and they always seem to be cheerful, kind and interested in their patients.

4. They say that a meteorite hit the Yucatan Peninsula 65 million years ago causing mass extinctions of species. The dinosaurs were the most famous casualties. Some people say it is bound to happen again any day now and that we will be the most famous of the new casualties. Optimistically - I'm still making appointments for next week.

Раздел 2. Чтение. Первое задание (В2)

1. Learning English is a long, slow process. There are mountains of verb tables, forests of vocabulary and wilderness plains of multiple choice questions. The only way to get there quicker is to go and live in the UK for a couple of months. That will do the job nicely!
2. It was better in the 70s. Our lives weren't lived attached to mobile phones. There were no speed cameras. The music was brilliant — Glam, Prog and Punk Rock. And the fashion was outrageous. We must have looked complete idiots in our platforms and feather cuts — but we thought we looked amazing. And maybe we were.
3. In Spain 11500 bulls are killed every year in official bull fights. They say it is supposed to be a real match and the matadors risk death at every encounter. This is, of course, nonsense. Really the poor old bull stands no chance of anything other than a slow and painful death. I think it should be banned.

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Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

ВТОРОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ (ВЗ) Понимание структурно-смысловых связей текста

В данном задании дается текст с шестью пропусками, обозначен ными цифрами (1-6) и семь фрагментов предложений для заполне ния пропусков, обозначенных буквами (A—G). Один фрагмент пред ложения — лишний. Надо установить соответствие между частью текста и пропущенным фрагментом предложения. За каждое пра вильно установленное соответствие дается 1 балл. Максимально в данном задании можно получить 6 баллов.

ЦЕЛЬ ЗАДАНИЯ: проверить

<$> понимание структурных связей между отдельными фрагмен тами предложения, в том числе и с учетом существующих грамматических и лексических норм сочетаемости, принятых в английском языке;

♦ понимание смысловых связей всего текста и его отдельных фрагментов.

СОВЕТЫ ПО ЭФФЕКТИВНОМУ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЯ

Во время первого прочтения

1. Заранее ознакомиться с форматом задания и с требованиями по заполнению бланков для данного задания.
2. Бегло просмотреть весь текст (без выделенных фрагментов), по пытаться определить его тему и основное содержание.
3. Прочитать выделенные фрагменты и определить структурные особенности начала фрагмента (с точки зрения использования грамматических и лексических норм сочетаемости), если таковые имеются.

Во время второго прочтения

I. Читать текст последовательно, обращая особое внимание на по следнее слово или выражение перед каждым пропуском. Если это слово или выражение требует определенного согласования

44

Раздел 2. Чтение. Второе задание (ВЗ)

или управления (использование герундия, инфинитива, предло га, союза и т.д.) надо искать соответствующее начало в выде ленном фрагменте.

1. Если одна и та же грамматическая структура используется в на чале нескольких выделенных фрагментов, учитывать смысловое содержание предложения с пропуском, а также предыдущих и последующих предложений.
2. По ходу чтения отмечать все возможные варианты соответст вий, указывая нужные буквы рядом с цифрой пропуска или нужные цифры рядом с буквами, обозначающими выделенные фрагменты.
3. Делать нужные исправления по ходу чтения, т.к. после каждого заполненного пробела неясные варианты ответов будут опреде ляться точнее, отпадать методом исключения.
4. Обратить особое внимание на пропуски, где изначально были вы браны несколько возможных соответствий. Обосновать для себя выбор того или иного соответствия с учетом грамматических и лексических норм сочетаемости, принятых в английском языке и/ или с опорой на содержание текста.
5. Проверить обоснованность других выбранных соответствий.

После прочтения

1. Записать окончательный вариант ответа в таблицу после задания.
2. Определить лишний фрагмент.
3. Еще раз проверить точность записи всех ответов.

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Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1

ВЗ

 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 часгпями предложений, обозначенными буквами A—G. Одна из частей в списке A-G — лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

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 I

Clever Dogs

What are the smartest dog breeds in the world? We all love

our dogs; 1        must be the cleverest ever. But is your dog's

breed known as one of the most intelligent? We've compiled a list of the top five most intelligent dogs as demonstrated by extensive testing and research. In reverse order these are Doberman, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd, Poodle and the cleverest of all is the Border Collie. If your dog isn't on this list,

don't despair. Sometimes, having a dog with very 2        

For example, if a very clever dog is left at home alone all day, it can get bored and become destructive or even neurotic. On the other hand, a dog with limited intelligence can be left at home all

day,   3           minutes   before   you   arrive   home!   Like   many

intelligent breeds, the Border Collie needs a job to do. If they

don't have a purpose in life, or some kind of job 4        

Actually many of them have a common ancestor. A dog called "Old Hemp" who lived at the end of the 19th Century. He was such a hardworking and intelligent dog he was used to father a new generation of super intelligent dogs. Just to be clear — please note that Border Collies should definitely not be left at

home alone all  day,  5         can become quite destructive.

They need constant companionship, praise, and extensive exercise. This requires a lot from owners including a suitable lifestyle and lots of living space. So if you work and live in the

city,   a   Border   Collie   6           for   you!   Because   of   their

legendary intelligence, Border Collies set the standard in competitions for such skills as agility, obedience and of course, sheepdog trials.

Раздел 2. Чтение, Второе задание (ВЗ)

A.        and not even realize you're gone until a few

B.        and most of us believe our own dog

C.        but if they are, they

D.        they will not be happy

E.        probably isn't the dog

F.        but they are not quite

G.        high intelligence can have its drawbacks

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями
предложений, обозначенными буквами A-G. Одна из частей
в списке A-G — лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.        

Chocolate

Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been

cultivated in 1        at least 3000 years. For most of this time it

was made into a drink called, in translation — "bitter water".

This is because 2        to be fermented to develop a palatable

flavour.

After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions.

Much   of   3              with   added   sugar.   Milk   chocolate   is

sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder

or   condensed   milk.   White  chocolate  on   the  4           and   is

therefore not a true chocolate.

Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin

levels in the brain. Scientists claim 5        , can lower blood

pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its

47

Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

health   benefits.   But   pet   owners   should   remember   that   the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs.

Chocolate is now one 6        , although 16 of the top

20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.

A.        the chocolate consumed today is made

B.        that chocolate, eaten in moderation

C.        central and southern America for

D.        of the world's most popular flavours

E.        other hand contains no cocoa solids

F.        cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have

G.        many countries worldwide

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №3

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A-G. Одна из частей в списке A-G — лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Child Stars

Child star mania is on the rise! Popular shows like Star Search and   Junior   Idol   are   always   searching   for   new   child   stars.

Sometimes the parents of these youngsters are 1        — arguably

pushing their offspring to and beyond their limits; hoping to make their children famous.

Fame   can   bring   great   opportunities   for   the   youngsters.

Some   go   on   to   earn   2           and   fulfilled   lives.   The   truth

however is that the majority do not. Research on the lifestyle of young performers has shown that their childhoods are often dominated by immense pressure and anxiety. Hours of training

and  rehearsal combine disastrously  3         and a poor social

life. These vulnerable young people also have to cope with criticism,    rejection    and    intrusive    treatment    from    show

Раздел 2. Чтение. Второе задание (ВЗ)

business reporters. The loss of privacy, gossip and constant
scrutiny 4         of them.

Child    stars    often    have   very    short    careers.    It    can   be

devastating when a particularly cute child 5        and a whole

glittering career is over before they are out of their teens. It is therefore not surprising that so many young child stars end up with huge emotional problems — some derailing their lives through destructive life styles. It can be really difficult for them adjusting from being recognised and wanted by everyone to being completely forgotten and ignored.

So the question is should something be done to curb this mania for young fame? Should the TV programs be severely controlled or even banned? Whatever the answer to these questions,   the   problems   are   likely   to   remain.   As   long   as

6        of ruthlessly ambitious parents — these tragedies are

destined to keep on repeating.

A.        huge amounts of money and live happy

B.        grows into an average looking adult

C.        there are children with talent under the control

D.        with a lack of normal schooling

E.        with ambitious parents

F.        can be too much for some

G.        the ones with the real ambition

49

Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

ТРЕТЬЕ ЗАДАНИЕ (А15-А21) Детальное понимание текста

В данной части раздела чтения предлагаются семь тестовых зада- \ ний, обозначенных буквой и цифрами (А15-А21). К каждому заданию! предлагается четыре варианта ответа, обозначенных цифрами (1-4), из которых только один является правильным. Как правило — это либо ] начало предложения, к которому предлагается четыре возможных ва рианта окончания, либо вопрос, к которому дается четыре варианта | ответа. Для каждого задания (А15-А21) надо выбрать один правиль ный ответ из четырех предложенных. За каждый правильно выбран- ' ный ответ дается 1 балл. За все задание можно получить максимально 7 баллов.

ЦЕЛЬ ЗАДАНИЯ: проверить полное понимание текста на уровне

4> содержания (детали, связанные: с фактической информацией, с ответами на вопросы по ключевым словам — кто, где, когда, как часто, сколько, зачем, с кем и т.д.);

4 смысла (детали, связанные с имплицитной, т.е. не явной, а кос венной информацией, основывающейся на понимании причинно-следственных связей, модальности высказываний, т.е. намере ний и отношения автора или других лиц к кому-либо или чему-либо и т.д.).

СОВЕТЫ ПО ЭФФЕКТИВНОМУ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЯ

До чтения текста

1. Заранее ознакомиться с форматом задания и с требованиями по заполнению бланков ответа для данного задания.
2. Прочитать только вопросы или начала предложений, без предло женных вариантов ответа, чтобы определить примерное содержа ние текста, а также характер запрашиваемой информации;
3. Прочитать варианты предлагаемых ответов в тех случаях, когда без них неясна сушь зларашиваемой информации*

50

Раздел 2. Чтение. Третье задание (А15-А21)

Во время первого прочтения

1. Выполнять задание последовательно. Помнить, что последова-телышсть тестовых вопросов связана с последовательностью развития сюжета текста.
2. С каждым вопросом работать по предлагаемой схеме:

3. прочитать тестовое задание целиком (начало предложения или вопрос и все варианты ответа);
4. определить суть запрашиваемой информации, т.е. понять, что лежит в основе запрашиваемой информации: слово, словосо четание, предложение, абзац и или весь текст;
5. найти место, где запрашиваемая информация дается в тексте;
6. понять, чем предлагаемые варианты ответов отличаются друг от друга;
7. отбросить очевидно неверные варианты и определить наибо лее вероятный ответ;
8. доказать, что остальные варианты неверны, или что в тексте нет информации, предлагаемой в ответах, Для этого стоит об ратить особое внимание на различия между основной идеей и второстепенной информацией в проверяемом фрагменте текста и в содержании самого вопроса, а также на различия между явно и неявно выраженной информацией.

3.        Если не можете осознанно выбрать ни один из предложенных ва
риантов, не понимаете сути вопроса, все равно не оставляйте за
дание без ответа. Выбирайте ответ интуитивно.

После прочтения

1. Убедиться в правильности выбора ответа в каждом тестовом за дании.
2. Зафиксировать результаты выполнения задания на черновике так, чтобы их можно было легко перенести в бланк ответа.

Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15—А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбран ному вами варианту ответа.

Kimbolton School

I went to school in a large village called Kimbolton in the county of I Cambridgeshire. In recent years I have been reminded of my time there l by, strangely enough, the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling.

The first and most obvious reason is that Kimbolton is a castle I school;  just as  Hogwarts is the castle school  for Harry and his } friends. Hogwarts is of course filled with ghosts, such as Sir Nicholas de Mimsy Porpington — better known as Nearly Headless Nick: But Kimbolton also has a reputation for being haunted and in fact lays claim to a very famous ghost.  This is Katherine of Aragon —   the first wife of Henry VIII. She was sent there in April 1534 after refusing to accept the legality of Henry's divorce proceedings. When I arrived there as a first year in September 1971, I was told that her ghost was often seen — but only from the knees upwards. This, I was   j told, was because she walked on the original rather than the later modern floors.  I am ashamed to confess that at times we set up   j "ghostly" tricks to scare our friends. These usually involved almost invisible fishing lines being used to "mysteriously" open and close cupboards or move chairs.

There are other comparisons to be made however. In Harry Potter's Hogwarts School there are four "houses"; Gryfinndor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw and the dark house, Slytherin. The four houses being named after famous headmasters of Hogwarts' past. At Kimbolton we also had four houses named for the same reason. They were called Ingram's, Bailey's, Dawson's and Gibbard's. As 1 recall there were no sinister connotations with any house although probably the Slytherin equivalent was Gibbard's. At the time Gibbard's was the house for "day boys" who lived at home and travelled to school each day. The other houses were for the "borders" that lived in the castle. The dayboys were nicknamed "day bugs" and the residents were called "border bugs". I was a day bug.

52

Раздел 2. Чтение. Третье задание (А15-А21)

There were common rooms and detentions which I suppose all schools still have. But few schools, like Kimbolton, have narrow, long corridors lined with portraits whose eyes seem to follow you round! Mind you — none of our paintings spoke to us as they sometimes do at Hogwarts! Kimbolton also has a fantastic staircase in the castle and huge murals by the Italian Rococo painter Pellegrini.

Apart from the castle, ghosts and houses there were other compari sons to Hogwarts. The teachers (who were called masters) also wore black gowns and addressed us only by our surnames. We pupils had to wear suits and ties to school and actually were not allowed to take our jackets off unless the day was exceptionally hot.

But there were some fairly important differences too. Firstly Kimbolton, at the time I was there, was a school only for boys. It has changed since, but then we had no Hermione Grangers to fight against evil with. We played football and cricket rather than Quidditch and took '0' Levels rather than OWLS. That is "Ordinary" Level exams rather than "Ordinary Wizarding Levels". But still, looking back on it all, I have to say that I, at least, thought the place was rather magical.

IA15 1   The first similarity between the narrator's school and Hogwarts is that both schools are situated

1. not far from London.
2. in an unusual school building.
3. near a village.
4. far from pupils' homes.

A16     Students in Kimbolton School believed that

1. Katherine of Aragon became a ghost as Henry VIII murdered her.
2. the ghost could be scared by moving furniture with a fishing line.
3. the ghost regularly appeared in the castle at midnight.
4. the ghost could be seen partially, if at all.

IA17 I    Kimbolton School had four houses that

1. had the same names as houses at Hogwarts.
2. got their names as in Hogwarts.
3. selected students similarly to Hogwarts.
4. had different reputation as at Hogwarts.

S3

Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

А18|    The house the narrator belonged to

1. was the privileged one.
2. had an evil reputation.
3. was similar to other houses.
4. had one particular difference.

A19|   The narrator thinks Kimbolton was not like other schools as it had

1. common rooms.
2. a special system of punishments.
3. several houses.
4. a very special kind of decor.

A20      Both teachers and students in the narrator's school

1. had to follow a certain dress code.
2. were dressed in school uniform.
3. were addressed by their surnames.
4. could be compared to the ones in Hogwarts.

A21     According  to  the   narrator,  Kimbolton  was   unlike  Hogwarts because it

1. used to be a school for boys.
2. had recently become a school for boys.
3. had a different exam system.
4. had a different kind of magic.

'

Раздел 2. Чтение. Третье задание (А15-А21)

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2

How It Was

Every school holiday we worked on the farms. Often it was pea picking but we also harvested runner beans, potatoes, black currents and strawberries — each in their season. Sometimes we travelled quite a distance to work. The incredible thing, looking back on it, was that our parents never seemed to worry about us. Sure enough there were occasional tales of terrible accidents or of children being attacked or kidnapped - but no one thought about such things then.

We would disappear early, on our bikes, and not return until dark. Just the thought of letting my own kids do the same today gives me kittens. But back then, that's how it was. All the harvesting was paid for by the bag or the box. The faster you worked, the more you earned. In one 5 week season I earned about J400. That was seriously good money in the 1970s probably the same as my Dad earned. And we knew how to spend. We were always treating ourselves to something. But usually the aim was to pay for a holiday before school started again. Of course we often had family holidays when we were younger. But we kids also took our own holidays. Usually it was camping but my focus was beach holidays. Wales was my favourite locations. Again I still can't imagine how our parents were brave enough to let us go. I can only assume they were not worried: That and the fact ;that as children they had their own adventures. Both my parents were small children during the war and were evacuated from London to be safe from Hitler's bombs. They went in the clothes they were wearing plus a small suitcase - sent to unknown (in advance) villages and to the care of strangers. My teenage beach holidays probably seemed a stroll in the park to them and they took our safety for granted.

Nowadays there seems to be a climate of fear around my generation, concerning the safety of our children. Has the world really changed so much? May be it's just that the media makes us think more about the horrible things that do happen?

55

Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

Mind you — there was one close shave when I was a kid. It was on 1
one of our Welsh camping holidays. We would have been 15 at the time.
I fell asleep on a floating lilo and got swept out to sea. I was only asleep  l
for second and at first was not worried.  I began to swim steadily i
pushing the lilo back to the beach - but after 10 minutes, to my horror,
I was no closer to shore. In a panic I jettisoned the lilo so I could swim
properly and then swam with all my strength. After another 10 minutes I
still I made no progress. Then completely irrationally I started worrying <\
about sharks. I knew that there are no dangerous sharks there but just
the thought paralyzed me. I told myself not to panic. The sea was really I
calm and I knew that the tide had to change at some point. I also knew j
my friends on the beach would call the coastguard. The shore seemed j
miles away, exhaustion was kicking in and I realized also that I was
cold. Shark fins began to circle in my imagination. I was in despair.
You hear about accidents and drowning at sea but never imagine that
it's going to be you.        I

My rescue was sharp and sudden. Hands on my wrists and ankles and I was swung into the boat. I was absolutely fine when I got back to I shore. I am ashamed to say I lied about my age to prevent my parents S finding out about it all.

|A15

The parents didn't seem to worry about the narrator and his/her friends as

1. farm work was part of a regular school summer camp.
2. the farm was not far from where the children lived.
3. there were no obvious cases of child abuse in the region.
4. some parents worked on the same farm.

\ш\

The expression "gives me kittens" in the second paragraph means

1. amuses me.
2. scares me.
3. fascinates me.
4. captivates me.

шп

The payment for the farm work the children got depended on

1. the type of seasonal harvest.
2. the number of hours spent on the farm.
3. the speed at which they moved.
4. the amount of harvested berries or vegetables.

56

Раздел 2. Чтение. Третье задание (А15-А21)

А18|    The children earned money mainly to

1. provide for their independent holidays.
2. afford tasty treats for themselves and friends.
3. help the family budget.
4. buy camping equipment.

A19|   The narrator thought his parents' evacuation

1. helped them to be calm about safety issues.
2. helped them to deal with strangers.
3. was like a stroll in the park.
4. was a source of serious stress.

A20|    The narrator thinks his generation is probably more fearful because

1. they didn't experience the war.
2. there are more unstable people around.
3. the media deliberately highlights awful stories.
4. their childhood was too safe and trouble free.

1 A211    The narrator has additional problems during his accident in the sea because

1. he wasn't a good swimmer.
2. the tide was so strong.
3. the thought of sharks terrified him.
4. there was no coast guard around.

57

Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №3

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15-А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбран ному вами варианту ответа.

By Process of Elimination

"Thank you for agreeing to meet with me here" was all he said for the first few moments. His European accent paused between each word before disappearing into silence. As for the 11 dancers sat around the lounge, there was a clear atmosphere of resentment. Regardless of how famous this detective most undoubtedly was, they all felt this was a matter for the police But there were no police on board and the ship captain's had requested the detective to conduct an initial investigation.

"I have to tell you" he continued "that I have discovered who the murderer is and can further inform you that the murderer is sat here, amongst us, in this room".

Again there was silence. It had always been unlikely that any of the liner's other guests had motive or opportunity. From the start it had always been probable that one of the dancers was a murderer.

"I have to admit" he continued "that this case has been more than usually hard on the little grey cells" he tapped his head as he always did when referring to his deductive powers. "Every body in this room had a reason to kill poor Phoebe" he continued. There was no disagreement around the room. Nobody denied that they had hated Phoebe Miller. One way or another Phoebe had made life really difficult for all of them.

The detective began a long and perhaps over detailed summary of all the things he had discovered and soon everybody was quite bored. Some of them began to feel quite sleepy as he went on and on. However their attention was caught by the following words.

"Ladies and gentlemen. Apart from Constance Miller, who was not on stage at the time, the rest of the dancers were performing on stage at the time of the murder. We therefore know that 10 of you are absolutely innocent. I know this because there was no trace of poison in the bottle from which the glass of wine was poured. This means that

^8

Раздел 2. Чтение. Третье задание (А15-А21)

someone added the poison after the glass had been poured and that glass was poured ...during...the performance."

He paused enjoying the dramatic effect of his words and continued "By process of elimination you might assume that I am about to accuse the sister - Constance Miller".

"I did not do it" screamed Constance instantly, "X swear 1 did not do it. I hated her but I am innocent".

**I do know, Constance, that you are not guilty of this crime" he continued but was drowned out by all the dancers' exclamations of confusion and bewilderment. He held up his hand and continued slowly but forcefully "but I can assure you dear lady that the murderer is in this room and is seated directly behind you". There was a gasp as everyone turned to stare at the middle-aged waitress sat at the back of the room next to the other staff. "Probably none of you know even her name but I have discovered this. She is not Sally Watkins as she is known to the crew of this ship — but Sally Miller — the wife of George Miller who was the uncle of Constance and Phoebe. Sally I can assure you had the opportunity to handle that glass but most of all, as I will now demonstrate to you, she had the motive: Revenge!"

[A15J   The eleven dancers were resentful because

1. they had not been allowed to perform for three days.
2. their colleague had been murdered.
3. they would have preferred a police investigation.
4. they didn't like the ship's captain.

| A16 |    The famous detective was conducting the case because

1. they would soon be in Southampton.
2. four ships' officers were available to make an arrest.
3. the ship was still at sea.
4. the captain had asked him to.

No one disagreed when they heard the murderer was in the room because

1. they all had been jealous of Phoebe.
2. all of them had hated Phoebe.
3. the murder must have been committed by somebody on board.
4. the case had been unusually difficult to solve.

Тренировочные задания к различным частям экзамена

Л18

 Ten of the dancers were proved innocent because

1. they were performing at that time.
2. the glass of wine was poured during the performance.
3. Constance Miller was not on stage at the time.
4. there was poison in the bottle.

A19      Constance screamed out her innocence because she

А20

А21

1. knew she was guilty.
2. could prove it.
3. believed the detective was about to accuse her.
4. hated Phoebe.

The detective knew Constance was not guilty because

1. he had discovered who the real murderer was.
2. of the confusion amongst the other dancers.
3. she was not on stage when the murder took place.
4. she hated Phoebe.

Sally Miller killed Phoebe Miller because

1. George was Phoebe's uncle.
2. her real name was not Sally Watkins.
3. she had the opportunity.
4. she wanted revenge.

60