научно-исследовательская работа graffiti

Visiting different cities and towns of our country, we visit their places of interest and notice various architectural sights. How beautiful and varied our towns are! They have their own history, appearance and character but we suddenly notice some general outlines. What are they? On the first sight they are too sharp but then they become inviting. We stop, look at them, and understand that our interest to this phenomenon doesn’t go away but, on the contrary, we want to look at it and wonder more and more.

Graffiti: is it an art or the daring challenge to moral principles of society? What are the sources, reasons of its popularity? How do different age groups react on graffiti? I would like to consider all of these questions and many other interesting facts about this phenomenon in my work.

The aim of the project work: learn and sum up information about graffiti, exploring the pictures of graffiti in Saratov.

Цель проектной работы: изучение и обобщение знаний о граффити, а так же исследование рисунков граффити в Саратове.

Project problems:

Learn the history and developing of graffiti;

Explore the rules of graffiti;

Explore graffiti in Saratov

Задачи проекта:

Проследить историю возникновения и развития граффити;

Изучить правила граффити

Исследовать граффити в Саратове.

Suppose: Graffiti is a part of art.

Гипотеза: Граффити – искусство.

I. Graffiti. Is it an art or a challenge to the society? Why do people write on the walls?

The word ‘graffiti’ has two main meanings:1) graffito(Italian) – ‘scratched’, an ancient signs of domestic character, or the pictures scratched on the walls of the caves, buildings; 2) the modern street art.

The History of Graffiti

Graffiti has many currents today. One of the most popular is the Street Art (writing with the posters, labels, stencils). It isn’t as common as bombing or writing. But at the same time it is more decorative and colorful. By the way, most people fond of graffiti, study in high or secondary institutions and many of them work and have high estates. You know these people, their names but you can’t even imagine that they really go to the streets to create masterpieces of modern but not properly understood type of art!

The beginning of the underground culture which is known as Graffiti Art has started at the end of 60th, when one boy from New York began to scratch his nickname TAKI 183 on the walls of the underground stations. Many teenagers were interested in these signs and soon they also started writing their nicknames on the walls. Then more and more original writers appeared and it divided into different directions and currents.

Since 1974 the development of styles led to the appearance of the first color pictures in which the main heroes were characters of cartoons and comics. That time was the golden age the Graffiti Art: the books were written, the video appeared, and the documentary film “Style” was done. To the beginning of the 80th not only USA but Europe were absorbed by the underground culture.

So, Graffiti is a whole culture and who knows what masterpieces it will bring at the 2000th. Graffiti came with the fashion of break dance in Russia. Our writers decorated the festivals of break dance first, and then they began to write on the walls of the cities. Nowadays, this appearance hasn’t age limits in Russia: it’s popular among 15 and 30 years old as well.

Rules of graffiti

Graffiti is not only an art but a style of life. Great masters of this art have their own philosophy and rules. These rules are the so called Code of honor for those who want to be writers. Here they are.

Graffiti is as simple and clear piece, as your five fingertips on your hand. It is necessary to look attentively at them. If you can understand what is the matter and what is graffiti, read further...

There are some things you need to know to achieve success in graffiti.

You are nobody to the following point.
It is required a lot of time and effort before you only recognize the existence, and it is even more, before we will dare to look at these scribbles which will be your name. To speed up the process of your acceptance in graffiti, you can: (А) - choose a clever name which defines the norm of plain slang.
Be SELECTIVE!!! (В) - use paint, receive the experience of caps, be cunning, study styles of a spelling using any opportunity, write your name in the big sizes every time you believe, 3х6 meters is nothing else. Do not use thin markers and don’t write on dirty walls.
The jealousy is an illness of the weakest.
Your heart is your greatest possession; do not allow anyone to steal it.

Graffiti Slang

Graffiti is a kind of art as we can see, that is why in this professional sphere there is a special language – graffiti slang. We have some examples of it here.

Bomb (or throw-up) is a fast figure, as a rule it is made in «bubble letters " and reflects the name crew or writer. It is drawn by paint; it is frequently used 1-2 (sometimes 3) colors. The most widespread colors are black, silver (or white) and yellow/red.

Crew is some (or sometimes a lot of) writers, which are in one team. Crews often consist not only from writers, but also from b-boys or DJ's.

Writer is a person who draws graffiti (taggers are those who put tags only). He does not both draw pieces and throw a bomb and sometimes he is not enlisted in numbers of writers.

Tag is a signature of writer. It is written by paint, or markers. It has one color (it is unimportant), but as a rule, it is black or white if mean streak (an indelible white marker) is used.

Piece is from “masterpiece’. It is a figure which reflects the style, skill, and, actually, impudence of the writer. It is drawn by paint; writer can use so many colors he will wish.

Burner is especially bright and outstanding piece (both in selection of colors and in its sizes).

Taggers are those who write tags only.

To tag (go taggin ') is to put down your own tags.

To bomb is to draw or to lay throw-up on walls, trains, etc.

To piece is to draw a piece of picture.

To kill is to sketch particularly whole wall, the car... (« Yo, I went bombin ' with this cat tha other night. He killed tha whole car... ")

Outline is a fringing of letters, shadows, etc. Filling is a sketch inside outlines (without switching details).

Wildstyle is a style of drawing letters in which everything is shown in an interlacing, crossing and lines that makes some pieces executed in wildstyle, practically not readable.

Bubble letter is one of the first and old styles in graffiti It is the style of drawing of the letters, where the main thing is softness and dimensions of forms. It is usually used for throw-ups (look bombing).

Dope, sick, ill, cold, off tha hook, tha shit are usual hip - hop equivalents to words "cool", " really nice ", etc.

To get up is to go to bombing, piecing. It is the process of writer' s. activity («yeah... we used to get up in that yard a lot back in a day... ").

Blackbook, piecebook, sketchbook is the notebook, a writing-book, etc. in which writer makes the sketches. Sketches can be transferred to a wall or to the car, or it can be remained only in blackbook..

Sketch is a sketch; it can be both black and white and color.

To bite is to copy someone's style.

To hit is the same as get up.

II. The practical part

In practical part of work I have tried to expose what made people to draw on the walls. I have asked people of 12 – 15 and 30 – 45 years old (perhaps their parents) to fill in a form answering these questions.

Is graffiti an art or the daring challenge to moral principles of society?
Do you like to look at graffiti?
Would you like to try to create graffiti yourself?
What do you think graffiti can express and what is its aim?

We have analyzed the answers and now we can make some conclusions.

We asked different age groups, in which there were teenagers of 10 – 15 years old and their parents of 30 – 45, these questions. As we can see, they have different opinions about graffiti. For example, most part of our adults supposes graffiti is not an art but is vandalism. Only 10 percent think graffiti is an art. But at the same time, 80 percent of people form 30 to 45 like to look at graffiti anywhere. And only 20 percent of them would like to try drawing graffiti themselves.

Our teenagers think that graffiti is modern art and they like to look at it and draw it. Only 10 percent of them do not like graffiti at all.

There are some examples of street art in our city. You can see them in my work.

Opinion that the teenagers draw on the walls, school desks and cars because “there is nothing to do” or because they have bad manners and backwardness is wrong. Certainly, it is bad to spoil walls, to write and draw opprobrious ness to spoil school and city property. But we should understand clearly that there are many reasons which make people to take swept, marker or spray. These reasons are connected with teenage psychology and modern youth culture.

First, we must remember that teenagers have a great desire of freedom and independence; they want to be separated from adult’s world. That’s why young men make their space of the classrooms, town’ yards, transport drawing the figures everywhere. They throw – up their tags and pieces, sights of their culture where it is possible. It is not so boring to go along the streets if lovely Kurt Kobane looks at you from one side and the hateful grope ‘Alice’ from the other, and it is pleasant to cross it. In the town, which is congested with graffiti you feel completely at home. So, you became to speak same languages with the bearers of hostile culture even. Other important function of graffiti is connected with the requirement of the teenagers for self-expression. For the reason that both people and teenagers realize themselves to different currents of culture, graffiti is divided into different kinds too.

Conclusion

So, we have considered some interesting facts about graffiti and now we can say that graffiti is ART. Some things have allowed us to do this conclusion.

Graffiti has long history and very old roots. We have known that if you’ll find yourself in Sheylon Castle, you are demonstrated on which column of gloomy casemate exactly the restless genius reserved his autograph. Of course, not all signs were so artless. Among them were the heartfelt initiations and the magic formulas. Whole ages nameless authors unburden their hearts on the walls, made the declarations of love to the ladies – love, or damned disagreeable rulers. Sometimes, graffiti became an inexhaustible source of inspiration. The word “fate” (or fortune), which were inscribed on the wall of Notre Dame the Paris, managed to Victor Hugo to write his famous novel.

Also, we have known that the word “graffiti” has two main meanings:1) graffito(Italian) – “scratched”, an ancient signs of domestic character, or the pictures scratched on the walls of the caves, buildings; 2) the modern street art.

It was interesting to know about history of art. The beginning of the underground culture which is known as Graffiti Art has started on the end of 60th, when one boy from New York began to scratch his nickname TAKI 183 on the walls of the underground stations. Many teenagers were interested in these signs and soon they began to write their nicknames on the walls too. Then those original writers have appeared more and more and it has promoted to development of different directions and currents.

Since 1974 the development of stiles promoted to appearance of the first color pictures in which the main heroes were characters - the personages of cartoons and comics. From that time Graffiti Art has had the golden age of culture: the books are written, the video are appeared, and the documentary film “Stile” is done. To the beginning of the 80th not only USA but Europe were enveloped with the underground culture.

Now we can say that graffiti is not the daring challenge to moral principles of society, because it is not art only but it is style of life. The great masters of this art have their own philosophy and rules. These rules are the Code of honor for those who want to be write, for example, do not paint the houses representing a cultural value, do not draw on the houses where people live - do not impose to people your outlook, do not write on the names of other writers, especially on another's works, on gravestones: the pictures on the memorial walls and cars are death! Those who writes on another's works are deserved contempt Only one thing which they achieve in a result, is huge indignation and desire of punishment by owners of works, with all following consequences.

Besides that, we have known about special language of graffiti which is called slang.

In practical part of our work we have made the conclusion that opinion the teenager draw on the walls, school desks and cars because “there is nothing to do” or because they have bad manners and backwardness is wrong. Certainly, it is bad to spoil walls, to write and draw opprobrious ness to spoil school and city property. But we should understand clearly that there are many reasons which are made people to take swept, marker or spray. These reasons are connected with teenager’s psychology and modern youth culture.

In conclusion we can say that it was interesting to know about kind of art which is called graffiti. And now we are sure that graffiti is art which has the aim to express your own attitude to the world and be means of communication between people.

List of literature

Hewings M. Advanced Grammar in Use. A self - -study reference and practice book for advanced learners of English. – Cambridge University press, 1999.
Molinsky S. J., Bliss B. Side by Side. English Through Guided conversations 2A – Prentice Hall Regents, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1983.
Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture. – Longman Group UK Limited, 1992.
The oxford Russian dictionary. English – Russian. – Oxford – Moscow, 1999.
The oxford Russian Dictionary. Russian – English. - . – Oxford – Moscow, 1999.
Cambridge International Dictionary of English.- Cambridge University press, 1995.

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