TRANSPORT IN THE UK

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение

«Альменевский аграрно-технологический техникум»

ДОКЛАД

по предмету

Иностранный язык (английский)

на тему: «TRANSPORT IN THE UK»

Выполнил: Сабиров Вадим,

обучающийся группы 209

с. Альменево, 2019 г.

TRANSPORT IN THE UK

        The transport infrastructure in the UK is well developed.

        According to the World Economic Forum, the country ranks 14th in the world in terms of the quality of railways, 15th in the quality of port infrastructure and 28th in the quality of roads and the level of development of air transport. However, travel is expensive: according to statistics on the website Expatistan.Com, the cost of transport in London is on average three times higher than in Moscow.

UK transport costs, pounds sterling

Data Numbeo.Com, Yandex.Flights

Air Transport

        British Airways is the UK's leading international airline. She operates flights to Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. Aeroflot flies to London from Moscow and St. Petersburg, British Midland Airways Limited (BMI) and Transaero only from Moscow. You can also get to the British capital with a change in European cities - Budapest, Copenhagen, Prague and Frankfurt. There are no direct scheduled flights from Russia to Edinburgh. You can get with a change in Europe - through Amsterdam, London or Frankfurt using the airlines KLM, British Airways, BMI or Lufthansa.

        There are about 450 civilian airports in the UK. International flights are accepted at London Heathrow Airports (32 km from London) and Gatwick (46 km). In recent years, more and more transportation from continental Europe is carried out through the airports of Stansted (48 km from London) and London City (14.5 km). A transfer to the center of the capital by Heathrow Express train will cost you 14, and Gatwick Express will cost you £ 12. You can get to the center by taxi for £ 50–80. In addition, Heathrow Airport is connected to the city center by the London Underground line (Piccadilly line), with trains leaving every few minutes. The cost of the trip is 3.8 pounds.

Railways

        UK rail transport is the oldest in the world. The first locomotive-driven public railway opened in 1825. Almost all railways are operated by the Network Rail Association of Great Britain. In some cities, rail public transport has also been developed, including the extensive London Underground network. There are private and historical railways; usually these are short tourist-oriented lines.

        Most of the country's major cities have suburban rail links. Among them are Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Glasgow, Cardiff, Liverpool, Leeds, London, Manchester, Sheffield and Edinburgh. 

Water transport

        The main transport hubs are seaports. The largest of them are London, Southampton, Liverpool, Gull and Harwich. The United Kingdom is connected to the continent by a tunnel under the English Channel and two railway ferries (Dover - Dunkirk and Harwich - Ostend).

        In London, the Thames is open year-round navigation. The busiest place is the stretch between Westminster and Greenwich. A one-way ticket costs 5-6 pounds. Tours of the Thames are in great demand among tourists.

Cars

         In the UK there is left-hand traffic. 3 minutes of parking in London cost 20 pence. The maximum parking time is two hours. The penalty for improper parking is 40-80 pounds. An important role is played by road markings. One yellow bar along the curb means that parking is allowed at certain hours, indicated next to the sign. Two yellow stripes indicate that parking is prohibited.

        A fee of GBP 5 is charged on the inner ring road of central London. The penalty for non-payment is GBP 5–80, depending on the time of repayment.

        Car rental is available to people no younger than 23 years old. Rental price makes up 18-40 pounds per day. Car rental in London is not recommended because the traffic is too heavy and it is not always possible to find a parking space.

Public transport

         Glasgow, Liverpool, London and Newcastle have subways. Metro - the most reliable transport, which traffic jams do not care. In London, the entire metro is divided into six zones - from the first, located in the center, to the 6th on the outskirts.

        It is convenient to travel around the capital on red double-decker buses (double deckers), which have long become one of the symbols of the city. When traveling short distances, they are more convenient to use than the subway. The only negative is that the names of the stops are not announced. There are also night bus routes connecting Trafalgar Square, Victoria Station, Westminster, Piccadilly Circus, theaters, cinemas and other places of recreation and entertainment.

        London Travel Card sells single travel tickets for one or three days. They are valid on the subway, buses and trains. You can buy tickets at metro stations. The fine for stowaways is £ 20.

        There are two main types of taxis in London: Black cabs and Minicabs. The latter are cheaper, and their drivers are less professional.

SOURCES:

1. https://www.reloburo.com/uk-information/public-transport
2. http://blog.exclusiveairports.com/2012/10/09/black-cabs-vs-mini-cabs/