Лексикология

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Introduction We chose this topic, because it is the most interesting idea for English project we have known. This project is about history of English language, word-formation, vocabulary a nd other interesting things.

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The purposes get acquainted with the history of the English language ; find out where it is distributed ; learn the features of language .

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Lexicology The term Lexicology is composed of two Greek morphemes: lexis meaning `word, phrase' (hence lexicos `having to do with words') and logos which denotes `learning, a department of knowledge'. Lexicology, a branch of linguistics, is the study of words.

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The history of English language The process in which result the dialect of one of the Germanic tribes, which in the V century spoke the residents of Britain, for half a Millennium has become a language which use to communicate more than 2 billion people around the world . For example : German « haus » is English « house » . The word « hand » the same on English & on German. Latin « pater » with sound transition [ p] to [ f] in German languages corresponds with « Vater » [ fater ] and English « father » ; « soror »— « Schwester » — « sister » . Latin « unus » — German « ein » —English « an / one » .

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Geographical distribution As of 2016, 400 million people spoke English as their first language, and 1.1 billion spoke it as a secondary language. English is probably the third largest language by number of native speakers, after Mandarin and Spanish. Most people learn English for practical rather than ideological reasons . English is the world's most widely used language in newspaper publishing, book publishing, international telecommunications, scientific publishing, international trade, mass entertainment, and diplomacy.

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Dialects of English language English language has many dialects. Their diversity in the UK is much greater than in the USA, where the basis of the literary norm until the middle of the XX century was the Mid-Atlantic dialect. Since 50-ies of XX century dominant role in the United States moved to the Mid-Western dialect. According to Ellis, English dialects in England can be divided into 5 large groups: Northern, Central or middle, Western, Southern and Eastern . In USA each state has its dialect. But all dialects divided into a few groups : The inland Northern dialects , Mid-Atlantic dial , Northern Central American dialects , Regional dialects , Central American dialect , Western dialect and others.

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Conclusion Things we`ve done : talked about historical roots of the English language, its basic concepts and rules ; reviewed several maps ; that English is still not the most common language ; talked about the basics of lexicology .