«Nanotechnology in medicine»

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The work was made by Saburova Anastasia. Sokolskaya Secondary School.11 grade. Tutor : Sidorkina Elena Vladimirovna. 2013 Nanotechnology in medicine. The great potential for scientific application

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Plan What is nanotechnology? Key goals for nanomedicine What is nanoscale? Nanomaterials Nanotechnology Applications in Medicine Nanoscale Devices and Integrated Nanosystems Nanodevices Neuro-electronic interfaces Nanotechnology Health and Environmental Concerns The survey The conclusion References and Used Books.

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What is nanotechnology ? Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology connected with the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm). Nanotechnology includes different fields of science: organic chemistry, molecular biology, semiconductor physics, microfabrication. An engineered DNA strand pRNA tiny motor Semiconducting metal junction formed by two carbon nanotubes

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Key Goals for nanomedicine To develop treatment for traditionally incurable diseases (e.g. cancer) through the utilization of nanotechnology; To provide more effective treatment with fewer side effects by means of targeted drug delivery systems; It can be applied for diagnosing, preventing and treating diseases using molecular tools; It can significantly improve the current health care system;

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What is nanoscale? 12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm 10 millions times smaller 1 billion times smaller

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Nanomaterials. The nanomaterials field includes subfields which develop or study materials having unique properties arising from their nanoscale dimensions. Carbon nanotubes and other fullerenes, and various nanoparticles and nanorods. Nanomaterials with fast ion transport are related also to nanoionics and nanoelectronics. Gold nanoparticles Silver nanoparticles A 3-dimensional nanostructure

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Nanomaterials Nanowires and Nanotubes: Lateral dimension: 1 – 100 nm Nanowires and nanotubes exhibit novel physical, electronic and optical properties due to Two dimensional quantum confinement Structural one dimensionality High surface to volume ratio Potential application in wide range of nanodevices and systems Nanoscale sensors and actuators Photovoltaic devices – solar cells Transistors, diodes and LASERs

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Nanotechnology Applications in Medicine Cancer treatment Bone treatment Drug delivery Appetite control Drug development Medical tools Diagnostic tests Imaging

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Nanotechnology Applications in Medicine It can create artificial tissues and organs; It can construct nanorobots; It can create bio-engineered viruses and bacteria to fight deadly diseases; Cell regeneration; It can be used for preventing some of the signs of aging .

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Nanoscale Devices and Integrated Nanosystems Nanotechnology offers tools and techniques for more effective detection, diagnosis and treatment of diseases Lab on Chip A lab on chip integrates one or more laboratory operation on a single chip Provides fast result and easy operation Applications: Biochemical analysis (DNA/protein/cell analysis) and bio-defense Drug Delivery Systems Impact of nanotechnology on drug delivery systems: Targeted drug delivery Improved delivery of poorly water soluble drugs Co-delivery of two or more drugs Imaging of drug delivery sites using imaging modalities Lab on chip gene analysis device Targeted drug delivery

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Nanodevices Magnetic nanoparticles, bound to a suitable antibody, are used to label specific molecules, structures or microorganisms. Gold nanoparticles tagged with short segments of DNA can be used for detection of genetic sequence in a sample. Multicolor optical coding for biological assays has been achieved by embedding different-sized quantum dots into polymeric microbeads. Nanopore technology for analysis of nucleic acids converts strings of nucleotides directly into electronic signatures.

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Neuro-electronic interfaces Neuro-electronic interfacing is a visionary goal dealing with the construction of nanodevices that will permit computers to be joined and linked to the nervous system. This idea requires the building of a molecular structure that will permit control and detection of nerve impulses by an external computer. The computers will be able to interpret, register, and respond to signals the body gives off when it feels sensations.If computers could control the nervous system through neuro-electronic interface, problems that impair the system could be controlled so that effects of diseases and injuries could be overcome.

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Nanotechnology Health and Environmental Concerns Human and the environment come under exposure to nanomaterials at different stages of the product cycle . Nanomaterials have large surface to volume ratio and novel physical as well as chemical properties which may cause them to pose hazards to humans and the environment . Health and the environmental impacts associated with the exposure to many of the engineered nanomaterials are still uncertain . The environmental fate and associated risk of waste nanomaterials should be assessed – e.g. toxic transformation, and interactions with organic and inorganic materials .

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Survey. To collect the data about the questions of what aware people are about nanotechnology and what they think about it, I have conducted a survey. 45 people took part in the inquiry. People of different ages range from 8 to 68 were interviewed.I decided to ask Russian children and teens, adults and seniors, but singularity of my project is that I have interviewed some my foreign friends from Italy and France to compare the awareness of nanotechnology among different countries. The analysis of the results proves that: Children from 8 have heard about nanotechnology ; Teens find it really useful not only in medicine, but also in agriculture, information technology and space exploration; Adults are interested in nanotechnology and consider that it would start benefitting in 5 to 10 years; A high percentage of the respondents supported the idea that the government should encourage research in nanotechnology and invest more money in it. Moreover, asking my foreign friends, I realized that most of them, as well as teenagers from Russia, are keen on this idea and that within several decades we’ll witness breathtaking discoveries that will change medicine science dramatically.

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The results of the survey. I’ve studied the results and have come to the conclusions that the majority of respondents could say what nanotechnology is and where it is used. Also I can say that the interview has optimistic forecast and nanotechnology has a huge potential in the modern world.

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The conclusion: Nanotechnology-small size, Big deal! The majority of experts believe that these methods will be fundamental in the XXI century; Key technologies and materials have always played a major role in the history of civilization; The impact of nanotechnology on life promises to have an universal character, change the economy and affect all aspects of life, work and social relationships. It will significantly improve the current health care system.

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References and Used Books. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ http://www.nanonewsnet.ru/ http://nano-info.ru/ http://www.understandingnano.com/medicine.html http://www.medicalnewstoday.com Enjoy English 11 grade. Workbook 1.