Исследователький Проект «Джек Лондон» с применением компьютерных (информационных) технологий

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Jack London (nee John Griffith Cheney on January 12, 1876 — on November 22, 1916) — the American writer, the socialist, the public figure, is most known as the author of adventure stories and novels.

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biography John Griffith Cheney (Jack London) was born on January 12, 1876 in San Francisco. Mother of future writer Flora Vellman was music teacher and was fond of spiritism, claiming that it established spiritualistic connection with the Indian leader. She became pregnant from the astrologer William Cheney with whom in common I lived some time in San Francisco. Having learned about Flora's pregnancy, William began to insist on that it made abortion, but it refused flatly and in a rush of despair tried to be shot, however only slightly wounded itself. In newspapers of that time the terrible sensation was lifted (for example, in the article "The Abandoned Wife" in "Kronikl"), the name of professor Cheney was discredited that subsequently served it as the reason to refuse paternity recognition (in 1899 Jack London sent Cheney some letters in which asked, the father it to it or not, but professor unambiguously denied paternity)

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after the birth of the kid Flora left it for some time on care of the former slave Virginia Prentiss who remained for London the important person throughout all his life. At the end of the same 1876 Flora married John London, the disabled person and the veteran of Civil war in the USA, then visors of the kid to herself back. The boy began to call John London (Jack — a diminutive form of a name of John). The family London (John London brought into the seven two daughters, senior of which — Elisa became the loyal friend and Jack's guardian angel for the rest of life) lodged in the working district of San Francisco, to the South from Market Street. At this time the country was captured by the most severe economic crisis which has begun in 1873, hundreds thousands people lost work and wandered from the city to the city in search of casual earnings. Jack's stepfather made some attempts to be engaged in farming which were nullified by Flora who was constantly nourishing adventurous idea of fast enrichment. Constantly feeling need, the family moved from place to place, didn't locate yet in the city of Oakland neighboring to San Francisco where London eventually and graduated from elementary school.

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Jack London early began the independent labor life full of deprivations. The school student I sold morning and evening papers, on days off I earned additionally in a bowling alley, placing size, and also the cleaner of beer pavilions in park . Upon termination of elementary school, at the age of fourteen years I arrived on cannery the worker. Work was very heavy, and it left from factory. For 300 dollars borrowed at Virginia Prentiss, he bought a second-hand schooner and became "the oyster pirate" (illegally I caught oysters in the bay San Francisco), and then I served in fishing patrol (I described in "Stories of fishing patrol"). In 1893 it was employed by the sailor on "Sofie Sutherland's" going on catching of cats to coast of Japan and to the Bering Sea the trade schooner.

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In the spring of 1897 Jack London gave in to "gold-rush" and went to Alaska. First Jack with companions was accompanied by good luck — having outstripped many other gold diggers, they managed to break through to riverheads Yukon and to stake out a site. But gold on a site didn't appear, and to stake out new till spring it wasn't represented possible and, in completion of everything, during wintering London ached with a scurvy. To San Francisco returned in 1898, having been influenced by all delights of northern winter. Instead of gold the destiny presented Jack London with meetings with future heroes of his works. I began to be engaged in literature at the age of 23 years, after return from Alaska more seriously: the first northern stories were published in 1899, and in 1900 its first book — the collection of stories "Son of a Wolf" was published. Then the following collections of stories followed: "God of his fathers" (Chicago, 1901), "Children of a frost" (New York, 1902), "Belief in the person" (New York, 1904), "A lunar face" (New York, 1906), "The lost face" (New York, 1910), and also novels "Daughter of Snow" (1902), "Old salt" (1904), "Martine Eden" (1909), created to the writer the most wide popularity. The writer worked much, for 15 — 17 hours a day and wrote about 40 books for all the not really long literary career.

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London died on November 22, 1916 in Glen-Ellene. The last years he suffered from a renal disease (uraemia) and died of poisoning with the morphine registered it. The most known is the suicide version, however, physicians note that at London wasn't sufficient knowledge to calculate a lethal dose of morphine, the serious bases for suicide (it didn't leave the suicide note and I chose absolutely "not man's" way

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Novels and stories A Daughter of the Snows (1902) The Call of the Wild (1903) The Sea-Wolf (1904) White Fang (1906) and there are a lot of others Novels and stories