The history of Russian theatre

Слайд 1

Слайд 2

The history of Russian theater is divided into several main stages. Initial stage begins in the tribal society and the ends to the XVII century, when, together with a new period in Russian history begins and a new, more mature stage in the theater, a permanent state agency terminated the professional theater in 1756.

Слайд 3

Russian theater originated in ancient times. Its origins go back to folk art - rituals, holidays, work-related. Over time, rituals have lost their magical significance and become a game-representation. In these emerging elements of theater - the dramatic action, the masks, dialogue. In the future, the simplest revels became a folk drama, they were created in the process of collective creativity and stored in people's memories, passing from generation to generation.

Слайд 4

Theater Arts peoples of our country has its roots in the rites and games, ritual actions. Under feudalism the theatrical art was cultivated, on the one hand "the masses", and on the other - the feudal nobility, respectively, differentiated and buffoons. In 957, the Grand Duchess Olga acquainted with the theater in Constantinople. The frescoes of St. Sophia Cathedral Kiev last third of the XI century depicted racetrack performances. In 1068 first mentioned in the annals of buffoons.

Слайд 5

Kievan Rus were known theaters of three kinds: the court, church, folk. Old "theater" were popular merrymaking litsedeev - buffoons. With skomorosheskimi revels linked to the emergence of Russia puppet theater. Secular art buffoons was hostile to the Church and clerical ideology. About the hatred that fueled the clergy to the art of buffoons show chroniclers record ( "Tale of Bygone Years"). Religious teachings XI-XII centuries announce sin and masks, resorted to by buffoons. But they are beginning to develop. Representations buffoons combined different kinds of art: and the actual drama, and church and "pop".

Слайд 6

In the XVII century Simeon of Polotsk (1629-1680) tried on the basis of the liturgical drama to create an artistic literary drama, this attempt proved fruitless and the unit. In the XVII century, have developed the first oral drama, simple plot, reflecting the popular sentiment. Puppet comedy about Petrushka (his name was first Vanka-Ratatouille) talked about the adventures of a clever jovial, not afraid to anything in the world. The real theater appeared in the XVII century - the court and the school theater.

Слайд 7

The emergence of the court theater was caused by the interest of the court aristocracy to Western culture. This theater has appeared in Moscow under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The first presentation of the play "Comedy of Artaxerxes (the biblical story of Esther) was held on October 17, 1672. Initially, the court theater had its own premises, sets and costumes were transported from place to place. The first performances staged Pasteur Gregory of German settlement, the actors, too, were foreigners. Later they began to forcibly engage and educate Russian "youths". The salary they were paid irregularly, but not lavish sets and costumes. Performances differed great pomp, sometimes accompanied by playing musical instruments and dancing. After the death of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich court theater was closed, and the presentation resumed only under Peter I.

Слайд 8

In court, in Russia in the XVII century and formed a school theater in the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, in theological seminaries and schools of Lviv, Tiflis, Kiev. The plays were written by teachers and students were placed by the historical tragedy, allegorical dramas, similar to European miracle plays, interludes - satirical everyday scenes, which sounded a protest against the social order. Intermedii school theater set the stage comedy in the national drama. At the root of the school theater was a famous politician, playwright Simeon of Polotsk.

Слайд 9

Peter was not satisfied with the school theater. Religious in content, this theater in the aesthetic sense was too intricate and complicated for the average viewer. Peter tried to organize a secular theater, accessible urban masses. Established by his theater, despite the brevity of its existence, played an important role in the development of Russian theatrical culture. Peter fussed about bringing to Russia for the first time such actors who have owned if not Russian, then at least one close to the Russian Slavic languages. So when in 1702 arrived in Russia cast a German company, they were asked if they could play in Polish, when in 1720 Peter again invited the troupe, then tried to draw the Czechs. But both Peter's attempt failed.

Слайд 10

Under Peter continues to develop two main types of theater: the school and the secular; at this time are beginning to appear as a dramatic piece of urban theater, develops widely in the second quarter of the 18 th century. The appearance of the court and school theater has extended the scope of the spiritual life of Russian society. By Peter I in 1702 created a public theater, designed for a mass audience. Especially for him is not the Red Square in Moscow was built building - "Komedialnaya edifice." They gave performances of the German company I.Kh. Kunst. The repertoire were foreign plays that the success of the public did not have, and the theater ceased to exist in 1706, as subsidies ceased Peter I. Peter himself could not create a permanent public theater.

Слайд 11

Under Peter I in front of the theater quite clearly placed the political and artistic challenges, serve the cause of nation-building in Russia. At that time formed early Russian drama, part of the new secular literature. For the first time the theater becomes a means of education of the masses, - the truth is far from reaching this objective sense, but still functioning as a public theater, and public. In the Petrine era appear in Russia, the first professional entrepreneurs, stabilized acting profession, appearing on stage the first actress.

Слайд 12

Some time after the death of Peter, 1 Russian theater continues to evolve into forms of amateur theater, a theater of urban "masses. But here is assimilated all that has brought the era of Peter the Russian theatrical culture. And here accumulate the strength to fight for the further approval of the national Russian theater. New page in the history of scenic art of the peoples of our country opened the fortress and amateur theaters. In the serfs troupes that have existed since the end of XVIII century, staged vaudeville, comic opera, ballets. On the basis of the serfs theaters in several cities having private non-repertory. The beneficial effects on the formation of professional theater people of our country had a Russian theater. In the first professional theater troupe was composed of talented amateurs - representatives of the democratic intelligentsia.

Слайд 13

Theater in Russia in the XVIII century, gained enormous popularity, was leaked to the masses, one more public sphere of spiritual activity of people.