Reported(indirect) speech.

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Direct speech- speech of a person, reported without any changes. Indirect speech- reports words of a person not directly, word for word, but just the contents.

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Direct speech Reported speech He says , " Mary will do it ." - Он говорит: «Мария сделает это». He says ( that ) Mary will do it. - Он говорит, что Мария сделает это. He says to me , "I know it." – Он говорит мне: «Я знаю это» . He tells me that he knows it. – Он говорит мне, что он знает это. He said to me : "I have seen you somewhere." - Он сказал мне : « Я где - то видел тебя ». He told me that he had seen me somewhere. - Он сказал мне , что он где - то видел меня . Compare:

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While changing the direct speech into indirect, do not forget about the following things: Sequence of tenses; Verbs, used to report speech; To change words of time and place, modal verbs; Difference in reporting statements, questions and commands.

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Sequence of tenses She said: “I phone my friend every day.”→ She said/ told him that she phoned her friends every day. ( present simple ) → ( past simple ) She said: “I will phone you.”→ She said/ told me (that) she would phone me. ( future simple ) → ( future-in-the-past ) She said: “I phoned you at 5 → She said / told me (that) she but you were not at home.” had phoned me at 5, but I had not been at home. ( past simple ) → ( past perfect )

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Remember: today-that day tonight-that night yesterday - the day before tomorrow-the next day (a week) ago-(a week) before last year-the year before next year-the following year this evening-that evening now-then this-that these-those here-there

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You can use the following verbs to report speech Explain Suggest Think Offer Advise Remind Ask

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Modal verbs are also changed: shall → should will → would can → could may → might must → had to

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Reporting statements We use the word “ that ” and sequence of tenses , to report statements . He says (has said, will say), "I sent them the catalogue on Monday." - Он говорит ( сказал , скажет ): « Я послал им каталог в понедельник ». He says (has said, will say) that he sent them the catalogue on Monday. - Он говорит ( сказал , скажет ), что он послал им каталог в понедельник .

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Reporting questions To report indirect questions, we use the following verbs: ask, want to know, wonder. In general reported questions we use the word « If » . In special – question-words ( who, what, when, why …)

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And now compare: General questions Wh-questions (Special questions) She said, “Are you a good reader?” She asked me if I was a good reader. He said “how did you get here tonight?” He wanted to know how I had got there that night. Direct Reported Direct Reported

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Reporting commands To report commands , we use the following verbs: ask, advise, order, teach , e.t.c… Examples: My mother often says:” Help your brother.”- My mother often asks me to help my brother. “ Give up fast food,” the doctor said.- The doctor advised her to give up fast food. “ Don’t be late!” said the teacher.-The teacher warned us not to be late.

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Either you report statements, questions or commands, never forget about the sequence of tenses!!!

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Now tell everything you’ve learnt from this presentation))))))))))))))))))))))))

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Thank you for attention.