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                     Conditional   Sentences  (Real Condition)

1. Look at these halves of sentences. Which of them should go together?

1. If we don’t hurry,                                    1) I’ll go home!
2. I’ll kill you,                                              2) I won’t be here.
3. If it rains,                                                 3) if you don’t tell me everything!  
4. If you phone back after six,                     4) I’ll buy you an ice-cream.
5. If she wins today’s race,                          5) we’ll be late.
6. All right! If you shut up,                          6) if the police catch him.
7. He’ll go to prison,                                    7) we’ll get wet.

h)   If they don’t  start playing better,          8) she’ll be the world champion.

2. Answer the questions.

    1) What will you do , if it rains tomorrow?

    2) What will you do, if it is sunny at the weekend?

    3) What will you say, if I ask you for your pen?

    4) What will you do, if I don’t give it back?

    5) What will you do, if you lose your purse on the way home?

    6) What shall we all do, if the fire alarm rings?

    7) If the principal comes into the classroom, what will you do?

    8) What will you say, if you are late for class tomorrow?

    9) If you are ill, will you come to school?

   10) What will you do, if you feel hungry or thirsty?

3. Complete the sentences.

    1) If we don’t stop pollution…

    2) If  I do my  homework badly…                            

    3) If I go to the USA this summer…

    4) If I have to write a story for homework…

    5) If it is cold tomorrow…

    6) If you come to my home…

    7) If we get too much homework…

    8) If my friend gets into trouble…

    9) We will be very happy if…

   10) I will be angry with my friend if…

4. What will happen according to these signs?

    1) If you walk under a ladder, you will have bad luck.

    2) If a girl catches the bride’s bouquet after a wedding, she will be the next to marry.

    3) If you break a mirror, you will have seven years’ bad luck.

    4) If you talk of the devil, he will appear.

    5) If you see a small spider, you will get a lot of money.

    6) If you scratch your left hand, you will give money away.

    7) If you touch wood, your good luck will continue.

    8) If a black cat crosses your path, you will have good luck. (in Britain)

5. “Chains of events”. Name the result of the action of the previous sentence.

     If I go to London, I’ll visit the Tower. If I visit the Tower,… . If I see the ravens,… . If I take

     their pictures,… . If I  show … . If I … .

                                                 (Unreal Condition)

1. Which of the sentences should go together?

1) If I could live anywhere…                a) if you kept your room tidy.

2) My father would feel better…          b) if I had their number.

3) I’d phone them…                              c) I’d live in Australia.

4) If I found a lot of money…               d) I’d travel around the world.

5) You could find your keys…              e) if he gave up smoking.

6) If you studied hard…                         f) I’d give it to the police.

7) If I were rich…                                  g) you’d pass the exam.

2. Complete the sentences.

1. If I could live anywhere I wanted, I’d live… .
2. If I had a museum, I’d collect… .
3. If you came to visit me,…
4. If I had a wild animal,…
5. I’d stand on my head if… .
6. I’d become a doctor if … .
7. If I were rich,… .

 3.”If they asked me to cut my hair…”

                                                   Model Text

     If they asked me to cut my hair I’d grow it long. If they told me to tidy up my room I’d make

     a  mess. If they ordered me to study harder I’d burn my books. But the trouble is that they

     leave me alone and I hate them for that.

                                                  Skeleton Text

      If they asked me…I’d… .  If they told me… I’d… . If they ordered me…I’d… . But the

      trouble is that… and I… .

4. Answer the questions.

    1) What if you could become someone else for a day? (Decide who you would choose to be    

        and explain your choice. Make out your schedule for the day.)

    2) What if everything red turned green? ( List five ways your life would be affected.)

    3) What if you could be a school principal for a day? ( Say what you would or would not do as

         principal.)

    4) What if you could go back in time? ( Name the historical period you would want to visit

        first and describe an adventure you might have there.)

    5) What if you were elected president of Russia? (Think of five improvements you would try

        to make.)

    6) What if you could snap your fingers and go anywhere you wished? ( Choose the places you

         would like to visit most and say why.)

5. “Chains of events”.

    If I won a car in a lottery, I would learn to drive it. If I learnt to drive it, I would go to school

    by car. If I went to school by car, my friends would envy me. If my friends envied me… . If…

6. What might have happened if the circumstances had altered?

   Example: Mary didn’t have a ticket, so she didn’t go to the opera.

                  If Mary had had a ticket, she would have gone to the opera.

1. I didn’t have enough time, so I couldn’t visit Tom.
2. I didn’t study for the exam, so I didn’t do well.
3. Susan’s alarm clock didn’t go off, so she was late for school.
4. I felt ill, so I didn’t go to the party.
5. It was raining, so we didn’t go swimming.
6. I didn’t know your telephone number, so I couldn’t phone you.

7.“Chains of events”.

    If  Cinderella hadn’t met a Fairy, she wouldn’t have gone to the ball. If she hadn’t gone to

    the ball, the Prince wouldn’t have met her. If the Prince…, he wouldn’t have fallen in love

    with her. If…,  … .

8. Use the necessary form of the verb in brackets.

    1) If I (know) her address, I (visit) her.

    2) What… you (do) if you (meet) a grizzly bear face to face?

    3) If you (press) that button now, the machine (stop).

    4) If I (know) how long the flight was going to be, I (take) a good book with me.

    5) If we (not, act) now to protect the environment, the earth (be inhabitable) by humans.

    6) If I (not, have) enough time tonight, I (finish) the book in the morning.

    7) I (go) to America this year if I (can) afford it.

    8) I (go) to England when I (finish) school.

    9) If you (send) me your address, I (write) you a letter already.

9. Make up two sentences according to each situation. Start them with “I wish…”.

   Example: You stayed up late last night watching TV. Now you feel tired.

1. I wish I had gone to bed earlier.
2. I wish I hadn’t stayed up so late last night.

1. You were late for a meeting with your friends. They decided not to wait for you and went to the cinema without you.

a) …

b) …

2. You forgot your friend’s birthday. You hurt her feelings.

a) …

         b) …

   3)  Your cousin came to see you yesterday, but you were out, You’re sorry you didn’t see her.

   a) … 

         b) …

   4)  Today is Monday. The weather is fine and sunny. But you have to go to school.

         a) …

         b) …

Word formation

1. Form new words.

    -tion, -sion:    inform, impress, translate;

    -ment:         develop, govern, state;

    -ity, -ty:       curious, real, cruel;

    -er, or:         creat, write, jump;

    -ance, -ence:     perform, differ, correspond;

    -ist:     science, psycology, biology, final;

    -ing:     feel, cross, draw, interest, excite;

    -dom:   king, wise, bore (скучать), free;

    -ship:   partner, friend, reader, comrade, relation;

    -ian:   politics, music, history, academic;

    un-:    pleasant, known, to zip, to do, well;

    in-:    famous, dependent, formal;

    im-:    polite, possible, mortal;

    non-:   talkative, athletic, academic;

    mis-:   understand, name, fortune;

    dis-:    agree, like,  advantage, appear;

    re-:     to do, to read, to write, to construct, to move, to place;

    sur-:   round;

    -ous:    danger, mountain, fame (слава), continue, humour;

    -less:  use, home, name, noise, bound (граница), brain, care;

   -ness:   fit, dark, serious, bad, ill;

   -ive:   create, impress, talk, represent, progress, compare, invent;

   -ern:  south, west, east, north;

   -y:    stone, wind, sun, snow, rain, noise, frost, fun, health;

   -ly:   love, day, year, week, noisy, friend, slow, quiet, complete;

   -ful:   beauty, wonder, forget, play, helpful, care, hope, success;

   -ish:   child, yellow, red, boy, girl;

   -able/-ible:     drink, eat, forget, comfort, enjoy, fashion, move, value;

   -hood:   child, neighbour, brother, girl;

   -en:  broad, wide, black, bright, short, less, length;

   -th:   long, wide, warm, strong, true, young;

   -ic:  hero, history, tragedy, democrat, energy;

   -ize/-ise:  drama, memory, apology, national, organ, vandal;

   ir-:   regular, responsible, resistible (преодолимый), relevant (уместный);

Прочитайте текст. Используйте слово из колонки справа, образовав от него слово, необходимое по смыслу, и впишите его в бланк ответов.

Текст  1

  Образец: 0 - natural

 The site of the town of Winchester was a (0)… place for a           nature

(1)… , at the point where a  river cut through the chalk of             settle

the (2)… hillsides. A simple camp at St. Catherine’s Hill              south

was the (3)… known use of the site.  This was followed by           early

an Iron Age hill-fort, but this was left (4)… by 100 B.C. It            inhabit

was the Romans who finally established the town and (5)…          round

it with a defensive wall for the protection of their people

and trade.

 With the (6)… of its first cathedrale in the seventh century,          build

the town became an important (7)… centre. Later, King                religion

Alfred, who had (8)… pushed back the invading Danes,                success

moved his palace to Winchester. The town then experienced

rapid (9)…, and its (10)… role in English history was under-        develop

lined in 1066 when the conquering Normans, like Alfred,              centre

made Winchester their capital.

Текст 2

   Образец: 0 – unusual

 At first light, there is nothing (0)… about the town of Yellowstone             usual

Park but, as the day begins and the town comes to (1)…, you can’t              live

help (2)… that, among the cars, there are light aeroplanes moving               notice

along the roads towards the airport.                                                                

 When the town was (3)… built, a small airport was included for the           origin 

(4)… of people flying in to look at the properties which were for                 convenient

(5)…, but it soon became clear to the developers that this was an                 sell

attraction in itself. The streets were (6)… so that planes could use               wide

them, the mailboxes near the road were made (7)… to avoid passing           short

wings, and all the electricity cables were buried (8)… .                                 ground   

 Now, there is every (9)… that the residents will have a private plane          likely

in their garage and use it with the same (10)… other people enjoy               free

with their cars.

                                                        Текст 3

    Образец: 0 – construction

 Architects responsible for the (0)… of many skyscrapers believe that                 construct

a tall building must always have a certain minimum (1)… but that there              wide

is no limit to its absolute (2)… . This means that the skyscrapers of the               high

future are likely to be even taller.  

 Engineers agree with this, but there is (3)… over the best shape for                    agree 

very tall, slim buildings. The effects of wind (4)… mean that cylindrical             press

designs have enjoyed some (5)… in recent years, and these are quite                   popular

pleasing to the eye. (6)…, however, the ideal shape is an ugly square                  fortunate

with heavily rounded corners.

 Would these tall buildings of the future offer more than a (7)… view?                wonder

Some believe tall towers could contain all the (8)… for modern living.                require

The (9)… of these vertical villages would travel up and down between                inhabit

their home and work zones and would (10)… need to journey to ground              rare

level.

                                                        Текст 4

         Образец:  0 – homework

 At last it’s here: tomorrow is Exam Day. There’s no more (0)… to do,          home

you have done lots of (1)… and you have had plenty of (2)… practice           revise, use

with past papers. You’ve finished the course. So what should you do

now? Probably the least (3)… course of action would be to carry on              advice

(4)… late into the night, trying (5)… to learn things you should have             study, desperate

learned long ago and waking in the morning with an awful (6)… . A far        head

better idea is to practise, as a singer or a (7)… does, what you already           music

know. In order not to feel (8)… the next day, go to bed early and get up        sleep

at your usual time. You may be a little bit (9)…, but that is probably             nerve

just a sign of your (10)… to do well in the exam.                                            determine

Who or which  

Exercise 1.

The sentences in this exercise are not complete. Choose the most suitable ending from the list and make it into a relative clause with who or which.   

1. Harry works for a company…                                  a.  he invented the telephone.
2. The book is about a girl…                                        b.  she runs away from home.
3. What was the name of the horse…?                         c.  they are never on time.
4. The police have caught the men…                           d.  they stole my car.
5. Alexander Bell was the man…                                 e.  they used to hang on that wall.
6. Where are the pictures…?                                         f.  it makes typewrites.
7. The police are still trying to identify the body…      g.  it gives you the meanings of words
8. A dictionary is a book…                                            h.  it won the race.
9. I don’t like people…                                                  i.   it can support life.
10. It seems that the Earth is the only planet…               j.   it was found last week.

                                            Present Perfect or Past Simple

1. Use either Present Perfect or Past Simple in the following sentences

1. George went to the cinema, but he (not to enjoy) the film much.
2. I (to come) to school without glasses. I can’t read the text.
3. Who (to eat) all the apples?
4. So far we (to have) no troubles.
5. Jane (to move) to a new flat a month ago.
6. Do you know that they (to be born) on the same day?

2. Open the brackets using Present Perfect Passive or Past Simple Passive.

1. After the accident he (to take) home immediately.
2. Some new magazines just (to bring). Would you like to look them through?
3. Many new houses (to build) in our city lately.
4. The goods (not to examine) yet at the customs.
5. This bridge (to build) in 1945.
6. She (to frighten) by a loud noise in the street.

3. Active or Passive? Choose the correct form of each verb.

What Is Wonderful about the Brain?

Inside your head there is a remarkable organ, the brain. You use it to understаnd and remember things that (1. to happen) around you.

        The brain is soft and spongy. It (2. to make up) of billions of tiny parts called cells. Three coats or membranes (3. to cover) the brain.

        The brain sometimes (4. to call) the busiest communication center in the world. The brain (5. to control) your body functions and keeps all parts of your body working together. Thousands of messages from all parts of the body (6. to send) to and from the brain. Messages (7. to carry) to the brain by sensory nerves. Special places, or centers, on the brain receive sensory messages from all parts of the body. When messages (8. to receive) by centers, the brain (9. to interpret) them.

          All day long your muscles and your brain (10. to work). By the end of the day they (11. to be tired). Then your brain and the muscles (12. to start) to relax. As you sleep, the big muscles in your body relax.

1.   a) are happened         b) are happening        c) happens

2.   a) is made up             b) makes up               c) made up

3.   a) is covered              b) covered                  c) cover

4.   a) is called                 b) has called               c) calls

5.   a) is controlled          b) controlled               c) controls

6.   a) send                       b) are sent                   c) has sent

7.   a) are carried             b) was carried              c) carried

8.   a) are received           b) will be received      c) will receive

9.   a) is interpreted         b) interpreted               c) interprets

10. a) are worked            b) is worked                 c) are working

11. a) have been tired     b) are tired                    c) were tired

12. a) are started             b) started                      c) start

Раздел 3 (задания по грамматике и лексике)

                               ОТВЕТЫ  НА  ЗАДАНИЯ  РАЗДЕЛА   3