presentation on Past perfect
презентация к уроку

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Прошедшее завершённое время had + V 3 had worked had played had written

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Употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определённого момента в прошлом. Этот момент может быть определён: такими обозначениями времени, как by 5 o`clock ( к 5 часам) ; by Saturday (к субботе) ; by the end of the year (к концу года) ; by that time (к тому времени) ; by the 15 th of December (к 15 декабря) By the end of the year he had learnt to speak English. We had done our homework by 4 o`clock . другим (более поздним) прошедшим действием, выраженным в Past Simple: We watched the film which our friends had told us about. Tom ate an ice-cream he had bought in the shop.

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А также Past Perfect используется: в придаточном предложении после союза after ( после того, как): After the sun had set , we decided to return home. в сложно-подчинённом предложении с союзом before ( прежде чем; до того как): I had finished my work before my mother came. в главном предложении при наличии наречий hardly, scarcely ( едва): He had hardly entered the house, when it started to rain.

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Before I went to Russia last year I (to read) a lot about it. I found that your country (to change) so much. I (to hear) that Moscow became as an international city as London. I (to expect) that Russia is a cold country and I (to find) it was true. She (to be born) before the war (to begin) . Captain Cook (to discover) the island before he (to die) .