Ученые медики и их вклад в науку
презентация к уроку
XIX и XX века стали эпохой прорывов в медицине от российских и советских врачей. Имена многих наших соотечественников вписаны в историю науки золотыми буквами — а мы даже не очень задумываемся над этим. Многие из них буквально открывали новую эру в мировой медицине, становясь пионерами и основателями прежде не существовавших направлений и изменяя свою профессию радикально.
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Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov Pirogov was born on 25 November in 1810 in Moscow , Russia . He was a prominent Russian scientist , medical doctor , pedagogue , public figure and a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences .
Сontribution to science : He is considered to be the founder of field surgery , and was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic . He was the first surgeon to use anaesthesia in a field operation (1847), invented various kinds of surgical operations , and developed his own technique of using plaster casts to treat fractured bones . He is one of the most widely recognized Russian physicians .
Sergey Petrovich Botkin He was born on 5 Septem b er in 1832 in Moscow to the family of Russian tea trad e smen . Botkin was a famous Russian clinical , therapist , and activist , one of the founders of modern Russian medical science and education .
Сontribution to science : Botkin introduced a triage , a pathological anatomy , and post mortem diagnostics into Russian medical practice . In 1860–1861, Sergey Botkin opened a clinical and research laboratory and in the course of his research organized systematic studies in clinical pharmacology and experimental therapy , both novelties in Russian research at the time . He was the first to suggest that catarrhal jaundice ( hepatits A) was caused by an infection .
Botkin was at the source of women’s education in Russia . In 1874 he organized a school of paramedics , and in 1876 – « Women’s treatment courses ».
He was born on 25 March 1836 in a small village in the south of Russia ; he was the ninth child in a family of 12. Nikolai Vasilyevich Sklifosovsky Nikolay Sklifosovsky was a well-known Russian surgeon , who loved his job so much he could actually spend up to 50 hours at the operating table without sleep , rest or food .
Сontribution to science : Sklifosovsky developed a system of surgical treatment of certain diseases - without him it would be impossible to operate о varian cysts, treat cerebral fungi . His most important merit is that he introduced antiseptics into the surgery, with the help of which he carried out active disinfection of wounds. Also , he paid special attention to abdominal surgery .
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14, in 1849 in Ryazan . When he was still a very little boy he helped his father on his farm . He was a Russian physiologist and the founder of the materialist theory of higher nervous activity .
Сontribution to science : Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1904, becoming the first Russian Nobel laureate . A survey in the Review of General Psychology , published in 2002, ranked Pavlov as the 24th most cited psychologist of the 20th century . Pavlov's principles of classical conditioning have been found to operate across a variety of behavior therapies and in experimental and clinical settings , such as educational classrooms and even reducing phobias with systematic desensitization .
Nik olay Nilovich Burdenko He was born on 3 June 1876 in the village Kamenka in the Nizhnelomovsky Uyezd of Penza Governorate . Burdenko was a Russian and Soviet surgeon , the founder of Russi a n neurosurgery .
His researches concerned shock prevention , healing of wounds and infections , surgical treatment of tuberculosis , anesthesia , blood transfusion and so on . At the time he also came to conclusion that neurosurgery must be taken as a separate specialty . Сontribution to science :
In 1923 Burdenko moved to Moscow and became a professor of the Moscow State University where he founded a neurosurgical department ; in 1930 it was reorganized into the 1st Moscow Medical Institute . He also headed the university surgical clinic from 1924 till his death which currently bears his name
Nikolay Burdenko was among the first to introduce surgery of the central and peripheral nervous system to clinical practice ; He investigated the reasons behind the appearance of shock and the methods of treating it , made a large contribution to the study of the processes which appear in the central and peripheral nervous system in connection with the surgical operation in the case of sharp injuries .
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