Методическая разработка урока по английскому языку "история автомобилей"
методическая разработка

СПб ГБПОУ «Автомеханический колледж»

Методическая разработка урока по английскому языку на тему:

«ИСТОРИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ»

                                                                                                 Выполнила:

                                                                                                 Преподаватель английского языка 

                                                                                                 Хачатрян Э.А.

                                                   Санкт-Петербург

                                                              2021 г. 

Тип урока: урок проверки и оценки знаний

Цели:

Обучающая: проконтролировать степень усвоения материала, оценить умения обучающихся применять знания на практике.

Развивающая: способствовать развитию уровня владения речевыми умениями, творческих способностей учащихся, формировать потребность в практическом использовании языка.

Воспитательная: осуществлять поиск и использование информации, необходимой для эффективного выполнения профессиональных задач, профессионального и личностного развития; понимать сущность и социальную значимость своей будущей профессии, проявлять к ней устойчивый интерес.

Оборудование: компьютер, проектор, экран, презентации.

Структура урока

Ход урока

І. Организационный момент. Приветствие. Сообщение целей и задач урока.
 Good morning. How are you? I'm glad to see you. Today we’re going to talk about exhaust system of an automobile.

ІІ. Подготовка обучающихся к активному, сознательному усвоению.

2.1 Фонетическая зарядка.

Обучающиеся читают новые  слова по теме «автомобиль» и переводят их.

full-size self-propelled vehicle – полноразмерное самодвижущееся средство передвижения

to propel a vehicle – передвижное транспортное средство

steam-driven carriage – экипаж, приводимый в движение паром

three-wheeled carriage – 3-колесный экипаж

conventional vehicles – обычное средство передвижения

steam-engine – паровой двигатель

to run at slow speed – двигаться на малой скорости

internal combustion engine – двигатель внутреннего сгорания

steam-powered engine – паровой двигатель

four-stroke cycle engine – двигатель 4-тактовый

battery-powered – питание от батареи

pollute – загрязнять

pollution – загрязнение

exhaust – выхлоп

gallon of fuel – галон топлива

basic – основной

clatter – стук, шум

pump – качать

brake – тормоз

roller – каток

gear-box – коробка передач

burner – камера сгорания

valve – клапан

cam – кулачок

fuel – топливо

save – экономить

ignite – зажигать

III. Этап всесторонней проверки знаний

3.1 Read and translate the text:

The history of the automobile goes back several hundred years. One of the earliest attempts to propel a vehicle by mechanical power was suggested by sir Isaac Newton about 1680. It was little more than a toy consisting of a steam boiler supplying a steam jet turned to the rear.

However, the credit for building the first self-propelled road vehicle must undoubtedly go to the French military engineer, Nicholas Cugnot (Кюньо). Between 1763 and 1769 two steam-driven carriages were built and tried.

In 1784 the Russian inventor Kulibin built a three-wheeled carriage. In his vehicle he used for the first time such new elements as brakes, rollers and a gear –box. The first Englishman to build a full-size self-propelled vehicle for use on the roads and to obtain practical results was Threvithick (Тревитик). Between 1798-1800 he built several working models.

Up to 1860 most of road vehicles were powered by steam engines which ran at slow speeds. In 1860 Lenior (Ленуар) of Paris built an internal combustion engine which ran on city gas, the gas being ignited by an electric spark. In 1866, Otto invented the type of four-stroke cycle engine which is used today.

Slowly but surely the auto industry is perfecting a number of alternatives to the conventional engines found in almost all of today's passenger cars. Two prime factors lie behind the search for different engines - the necessity to reduce air pollution by requiring cleaner auto exhaust and the desire to produce cars that will run farther on a gallon of fuel. While basic research is continuing on electric and steam powered engines, it is the diesel, turbine and Stirling that are current industry favourites.

Diesels get better mileage than gasoline engines, and the fuel is usually cheaper. In 1890's, Rudolf Diesel, invented the engine that bears his name. As air is drawn into the engine and compressed internal temperatures rise, and pressures reach two to three times those in a gasoline engine. The extreme pressures have meant that diesels usually are much larger and heavier than gasoline engines of the same power potential.

The disadvantages of diesels as passengers - car engines are slow performance, noise and smoke.

The turbine and Stirling are multifuel engines, capable of running on any liquid that will burn, including such exotic types as peanut oil and perfume. This would be a major advantage if severe petroleum shortages develop.

The Stirling concept, first offered more than 150 years ago by a Scottish clergyman, involves external instead of internal combustion ... In the new design, hydrogen gas is heated by a burner, which can run on virtually all kinds of fuel ... Engineers point out that a Stirling engine would be quieter than an equivalent internal combustion engine, would emit less toxic gases, and would use fuel more economically ...

Yet, there is still opinion in the auto industry that the conventional gasoline powered engine - the type in almost universal use now - will continue to dominate until or unless outside circumstances dictate otherwise.

3.2 Answer the questions.

1. Who made an attempt to propel a vehicle?

2. Who built the first self-propelled road vehicle?

3. What kind of carriage did the Russian inventor Kulibin build in 1784?

4. What did Kulibin use in his vehicle for the first time?

5. What were all road vehicles up to 1860 powered by?

6. What did Lenoir built in 1860?

7. What are the disadvantages of diesel?

8. When was the Stirling engine invented?

9. What kind of engine will dominate in the near future?

3.3 Подведение итогов урока. Рефлексия.  

What do you feel at the end of our lesson and why?

I feel ……

Because I …..(…..was /not/ bored;…...worked hard;……answered properly; ……was active and impassioned; …..received a reward/ a good /bad/ mark.