Практикум по английскому языку
учебно-методическое пособие на тему

\

Департамент образования города Москвы

Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

среднего профессионального образования

Педагогический колледж №18 "Митино"

С.М. Алфимова, Г.Д. Аббасова, З.К. Амелина,

М.Е. Ефанова, М.А. Митюн, Е.В. Янонис

Практикум

по английскому языку

Учебно-методическое пособие

по развитию навыков устной и письменной речи

для студентов 3 курса педагогического колледжа

Москва 2012

Пояснительная записка

Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 3 курса, продолжающих изучение языка на базе знаний, приобретенных на 1 и 2 курсах педагогического колледжа. Целью составления данного учебного пособия является развитие навыков устной и письменной речи у студентов в повседневной жизни и в сфере их будущей профессиональной деятельности.

Задания и упражнения, предлагаемые составителями, могут быть использованы как для групповой, так и для индивидуальной работы.

Цель практикума состоит в обучении иностранному языку как средству общения в трех видах речевой деятельности: чтении, говорении и письме, что и определило критерий разработки содержания. Материалы, использованные при составлении данного пособия, способствуют обогащению словарного запаса студентов, приобщению студентов к самостоятельной учебно-исследовательской работе над языком и развивают у них аналитический подход к изучаемым явлениям путем сопоставления их с соответствующими явлениями родного языка.

Для достижения данной цели авторы-составители ставят перед своими студентами задачи: сформировать умение читать и переводить иноязычные тексты, уметь задавать вопросы к предложениям, анализировать грамматические явления, грамотно и логично составлять монологическую и диалогическую речь.

Большое количество упражнений и текстов, предлагаемые составителями пособия, дает возможность для дифференциации и индивидуализации обучения, а также для организации самостоятельной работы студентов. Тексты служат цели отработки учебно-познавательной темы и являются источником лексических, фонетических и грамматических знаний. Лексический и грамматический материал расположен по принципу «от простого к сложному». Тексты носят информативный характер и представляют собой практическую ценность при овладении навыками устной речи – являются образцами монологического высказывания по тематике, связанной с англо-говорящими странами.

Практикум по английскому языку соответствует основным дидактическим и методическим принципам обучения.

Предполагается, что по окончании третьего курса студент должен владеть лексическим и грамматическим минимумом, необходимым для чтения и перевода (со словарем) текстов профессиональной направленности, обладать элементарными умениями общения на иностранном языке, знать языковые термины, понимать основные фразеологические обороты.

Содержание

1. Соединенное королевство Великобритании                      6

и Северной    Ирландии.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain

 and Northern Ireland.                                                     Условные предложения I типа                                            11

Условные предложения II типа                                           15

Условные предложения III типа                                          20                                                                                          

2. Соединенные штаты Америки. The United States              22      of America.

Повелительное наклонение                                                  30

3. Канада. Canada.                                                                      31

Сослагательное наклонение.                                                36

4. Австралия. Australia.                                                             41                                                
5. Новая Зеландия. New Zealand.                                             55

 Модальные глаголы.                                                            64

6. Тест «Англо-говорящие страны».                                       74

Test “English-speaking countries”.

Тема: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Соединенное королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии.

      The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland means: England, Scotland, Wales and Northen Ireland. The population of Britain is over 58 million. 7 million people live in London, the capital city. It stands on the river Thames. London was founded by Romans in 55 ВС (Before Christ - до нашей эры). They founded here a settlement and a fortress. At first it had the name Londonium. Due to its convenient position in the mouth of the river Thames the settlement grew and developed into the city. In the 11th century London became the capital of England.

The Prime Minister lives at 10 Downing Street near the Houses of Parliament. The P.M. is the leader of the party that has a majority during the elections and this party becomes the Government. The second largest party is the Opposition.

      The head of the State is the Queen. The Queen's head is on banknotes, stamps (марки) and coins (монеты). In London she lives here in Buckingham Palace, a very popular place for tourists. When the Queen is at home the flag is above the palace.

      In practice, the Queen acts on the advice of her Ministers. She reigns but doesn't rule. It is more a tradition and tribute (дань) to the past. In fact the elected government rules the country with the Prime Minister at the head.

       Stratford - upon - Avon is a famous city in Great Britain. It is the birth place of William Shakespeare. The great English writer was born in Stratford in 1564. The town is small and beautiful, stands on the river Avon. A lot of tourists visit his house which is a museum now. Liverpool is a very important port and the home of the Beatles. It was one of the most popular groups of the 1960s . They had hit after hit because their voices were beautiful. The words of the songs are simple: about love and strong feelings. They were polite, wore (wear) suits and smiled all the time. Unfortunately (к сожалению) by 1970 drugs and money problems brought the group's career to the end (разрушили карьеру группы).

       Cambridge and Oxford are famous for their universities, and famous for their bicycles. In both cities a lot of people travel around by bike.

       Towns and cities are important but countryside (сельская местность) is important too. Over 75 % of the land in Britain is farmland. But not many people are farmers. In fact only 2% of the working population.

       Britain also has 10 National Parks. They cover 9% of the land. All these parks have wonderful countryside. Northern Ireland is situated on the island of Ireland. Great Britain and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom (UK) is the official name of the country.

       It is incorrect to call everybody who lives in the UK "English". This is the name only for those who live in England. The people of Wales are called Welsh, the people of Scotland are called Scottish. The correct common name for English, Scottish and Welsh is British, people in Northern Ireland are called Irish.

       The climate is damp (сырой) but mild (мягкий): winter is not very cold, summer is not very hot. It is due to the warm current of Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean. It often rains in Britain. Rain falls all the year round. Snow usually falls only in the North and West of the country. The British often say: "Other countries have a climate, we have the weather." They like to talk about the weather. It changes very often, you see.

        The flag of the UK has three crosses: the red upright cross (вертикальный крест) is the cross of St. George, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross (диагональный крест) is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.

The currency (валюта) of the country is the pound (фунт стерлингов) which consists of a hundred pence (пенс - монета.)

Sheep farming (овцеводство) is an important part of the local economy.

Vocabulary:

founded here a settlement and a fortress - основали здесь поселение и крепость

Due to its convenient position in the mouth of the river Thames - благодаря своему удобному положению в устье реки Темзы

the settlement - поселение

has a majority during the elections - имеет большинство голосов во время выборов

Buchingham Palace - Букингемский дворец, королевская резиденция в Лондоне

She reigns but doesn't rule. - Она царствует, но не правит.

the elected government - выбранное правительство

the birth place - место рождения

wore (wear) suits -носить костюмы

travel around by bike - ездят повсюду на велосипеде

famous for - знаменит чем-либо

due to the warm current - благодаря теплому течению

all the year round - круглый год

Задание 1. Answer the questions.

1. How many parts does the UK have? Name them.

2. How many people do live in the UK?

3. What do you know about the capital of Britain?

4. Who is at the head of the state?

5. Who rules the country in fact?

6. What do you know about Buckingham Palace?

7. What is Liverpool famous for?

8. What is Stratford - upon - Avon famous for?

9. How do people like to travel in Cambridge and in Oxford?

10. How is correct to call the English, the Welsh and the Scottish?

11. What is the climate like in Britain? Why?

12. Is this climate pleasant for you? Why?

13. Would you like to live in Britain? In what city? Why (not)?

14. What is the flag of Britain like?

15. What is the currency of the country?

Задание 2. Continue the sentences.

1. The population of Britain is        
2. 7 million people live        
3. It stands on        
4. In the 11th century London        
5. The head of the State is        
6. In London she lives        
7. When the Queen is at home the flag        
8. She reigns but        
9. Stratford - upon - Avon is        
10.  Cambridge and Oxford are ………………
11.  Northern Ireland is situated…………………
12. It is incorrect ……………….
13. The correct common name ……………………..is British
14. The climate is …………………
15. The flag of the UK has…………...

     Задание 3.  Complete the chart.

Задание 4. Translate into English

1. Поселение и крепость
2. Удобное расположение
3. Царствует, но не правит
4. Выборы
5. Марки и монеты
6. К сожалению
7. Место рождения
8. Сельская местность
9. Климат сырой, но мягкий
10.  из-за теплого потока
11.  Вертикальный/диагональный крест
12.  Главный святой
13.  Овцеводство
14.  Круглый год

Grammar work

Conditional sentences. Условные предложения.

Условные предложения 1 типа

Данные  предложения выражают реальную возможность. В них глагол в придаточном предложении стоит в настоящем времени, а в главном – в будущем.

If the weather is fine, we he will go for a walk

             Present Simple      Future Simple

  Если погода будет хорошая, он пойдет гулять.

Задание 1. Translate the sentences.

1. If I am not busy, I’ll go to the cinema.
2. They’ll be very glad, if we come to see them.
3. If you get an excellent mark, your mother will cook the cake.
4. He will be angry, if you don’t come.
5. If you give me the address, I will write letters to you.
6. If she has time, she will come to see us.
7. If I get money from the bank, I’ll buy this car.
8. We’ll watch the film, if you bring the disk.
9. If the weather is fine, we’ll swim and sunbathe.
10. They will wait for you, if you need their help.

Задание 2. Open the brackets.

1. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.
2. If you (to return) early, we (to go) to the concert together.
3. If we (to go) to Moscow, we (to visit) the Tretyakov Art Gallery.
4. I (to cook) a festive dinner, if you (to return) in time.
5. We (to travel) to Black Sea, if we (to have) money.
6. If you (not to buy) coffee, we (to drink) tea.
7. If you (to read) in bed, you (to ruin) your eyes.

London

London is the capital of Great Britain. London is a very old town. London is two thousand years old. Many years ago London was a small town on the Thames. There were a lot of villages round it. After many years London and three hundred villages grew into a very large city. Some of the names of those villages are the names of the streets in modern London-Kensington, Westminster.

Now London is a beautiful city with large squares and parks. The city of London is the business centre. East End includes the poor districts. West of London is the West End where rich people live.

Trafalgar Square is in the centre of the West End of London. In the centre of Trafalgar Square there is the column made of granite. On the top of the column there is a 17-feet-tall statue of Admiral Nelson who defeated the French at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1809. The total high of the monument is 184 feet (44 meters).On the pedestal is a bronze relief cast from a captured French cannon, representing Nelson’s victory.

On the North side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery.

The National Gallery has one of the finest collections of pictures in the world.

Trafalgar Square is one of the busiest places in London, where people go to and from the work, it is hard to cross the street.

Задание 1. Answer the questions.

1. What is the capital of Great Britain?
2. How many years is London?
3. What includes the poor districts?
4. Where do rich people live?
5. Where is the Admiral Nelson column?

Задание  2. Complete the sentences.

1. On the top of the column …
2. London is two…
3. On the north side…
4. The total high…
5. There were…

Задание  3. Answer “true” or “false”.

1. London is a new town.
2. London is on the Thames.
3. The West End of London is a place where rich people live.
4. In London there aren’t a lot of squares and parks.
5. The city of London is the business centre.

Задание  4. Find in the text.

1. Национальная галерея имеет одну из прекраснейших коллекций в мире.
2. Трафальгарская площадь находится в центре Вест Энда в Лондоне.
3. Сейчас Лондон - один из красивейших городов с большими площадями и парками.
4. Спустя много лет Лондон и три сотни деревень превратились в один большой город.
5. Некоторые из этих деревень стали названиями в современном Лондоне.

Grammar work

Conditional sentences. Условные предложения.

Условные предложения 2 типа

Предложения выражают маловероятное или нереальное условие, относящееся к настоящему или к будущему. В них в придаточном предложении глагол употребляется в форме прошедшего времени, а  в главном – глагол принимает форму «будущего в прошедшем» (will           would). Глагол to be для всех лиц имеет форму were.

If they were free, they would come to our party.    

        Past Simple          Future in the Past Simple

Если бы они были свободны, они пришли бы на вечеринку

Задание 1. Translate the sentences.

1. If we stayed at a hotel, it would cost too much money.
2. If she told them the truth, they wouldn’t believe her.
3. If we invited him to the party, we’d have to invite his friends too.
4. If he spoke more clearly, people would understand him.
5. If the car weren’t so expensive, I would buy it.
6. If he knew about our problems, he would help us.
7. If I didn’t have to work tomorrow, I would meet you.

Задание 2. Open the brackets.

1. If I (to know), I (to tell) you.

2. If she (to want) to talk she (to ring up).

3. Her health (to improve) if she (to sleep) longer.

 4. If he (to have) enough money, he (to buy) a large house.

5. She (to feel) lonely if Peter (to go) out every evening.

 6. We (to be) pleased to see you if you (to arrive).

7. If we (to can) come on Sunday, we (to come).

8. I (to understand) Mr. Smith if he (to speak) slowly.

9. We (not / to go) by ship unless there (to be) no other way.

10 If you (not / to give) him good meals, he (not / to be able) to work hard.

Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace is the Queen’s official residence in London. It is also used to receive and entertain guests on the state, ceremonial and official occasions for the Royal Family.  The Palace is a very big and grey building.  It has 4 floors and a huge balcony at the front. On special days you can see the Queen and her family on this balcony. You can also see the flag on the top of Buckingham Palace when the Queen is at home.

The History of Buckingham Palace began in 1702 when the Duke of Buckingham had it built as his London home. The Duke's son sold the house in 1761 to George III, it was renamed “Queen's House” in 1774 as Queen Charlotte resided there. When it passed to George IV in 1820, Nash was commissioned to make alterations to the palace. The main block was retained but a new suite of rooms was added facing west into the garden, doubling the size of the building. The French Neo Classical style was the influence for the design. The re-modeled state rooms remain unchanged from Nash's original design.

Queen Victoria was the first monarch to take up residence in Buckingham Palace in 1837. The Palace is located between the Green Park, Hyde Park and St. James’s Park. Buckingham Palace has 19 state rooms, ballroom and gardens. They are open to visitors during August and September while the Queen makes her annual visit to Belmoral.

The State rooms have the greatest paintings by Rembrandt, Rubens, Poussin and Canaletto; sculpture by Canova; and the finest French and English furniture. Visit the spectacular Ballroom and tour the Palace gardens with views of the west front of the Palace and the lake.

Vocabulary:

residence - место жительства

to receive - получить

entertain - развлечь

occasions - случаи

huge - огромный

was commissioned - был уполномочен

was retained - был сохранен

the influence - влияние

is located - расположен

annual - ежегодный

paintings - картины

spectacular – захватывающий

Задание 1. Answer the questions.

1. What is Buckingham Palace?
2. Where is Buckingham Palace located?
3. Is the Palace old?
4. What colour is it?
5. What can you see on the top of Buckingham Palace?
6. Who was the first monarch to take up residence in Buckingham Palace?
7. What can you see in the State rooms?
8. Where can days you see the Queen and her family on special days?
9. When the Palace is open to visitors?
10.  Buckingham Palace has 10 or19 state rooms?

Задание 2. Match the phrases.

1. Buckingham Palace                            
2. The History of Buckingham Palace      
3. It is also used to                                    
4. On special days you can see                  
5. They are open to visitors                        
6. Queen Victoria was the first monarch    
7. The State rooms have                      

a) has receive and entertain guests

 b) the greatest paintings by Rembrandt, Rubens

c) during August and September

d) to take up residence in Buckingham Palace in 1837

e) 19 state rooms, ballroom and gardens

f)  the Queen and her family on this balcony

g)  began in 1702

Задание 3. Translate into English.

1. Огромный балкон
2. Открыт для посетителей
3. Королевская семья
4. Лучшая мебель
5. Поселяться
6. Главный блок был сохранен
7. Был уполномочен произвести изменения во дворце
8. Он был переименован в «Дом королевы»
9. Государственные, церемониальные и официальные события
10.  Остались неизменными

Grammar work

Conditional sentences. Условные предложения.

Условные предложения 3 типа   

Предложения, выражающие нереальное или невыполненное условие в прошлом. В них в придаточном предложении употребляется глагол в Past Perfect, а в главном – Future Perfect in the Past.     

If you had rung me up yesterday, I would have told you something interesting.

        Past Perfect                        Future Perfect in the Past

Если бы ты позвонил мне вчера, я бы рассказал тебе что-то интересное.

Задание 1. Translate the sentences.

1. If the driver hadn’t stopped so suddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened.
2. If you hadn’t lent me the money, I couldn’t have bought the car.
3. If she had sent us a telegram, we would have met her.
4. If you had been free, I would have come to see you.
5. If I had seen her, I would have been glad.
6. If I had seen John, I would have told him your news.
7. If you had asked a policeman, he would have told you the way. 

Задание 2. Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения 1, 2 и 3 типов.

Example: If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.

                     If you are free, I will come to see you.  

                     If you were free, I would come to see you.

                     If you had been free, I would have come to see you.

1. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad.

 2. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party.

3. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry).

4. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) the examinations.

 5. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone.

 6. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year.

 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic.

8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms.

9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together.

10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Тема: The United States of America.

Соединенные Штаты Америки.

Nobody knows how people first came to America. However many scientists think that Europeans who explored North America looked for riches. Every trip was a journey into the unknown. Slowly explorers began to learn (узнавать) more about the world.

We call Columbus the true discoverer of America, after him thousands of people followed his way and came to the new continent.

Christopher Columbus was a great explorer. He was born in Italy and grew up near the sea. When he was a boy, he loved to go to the port and listen to the sailors' stories. As many other Europeans, Columbus thought that the earth was round. He wanted to find a quick way to the East. On August 3, 1492, three ships left Spain and sailed. Time passed. The sailors got angry. But Columbus was brave, he said: "Sail on!" And in two months Columbus saw a land. He was sure that it was China or India. That is why he called people who lived there "Indians". This was a mistake, but the name Indian stuck. He never knew that it was a new world. The settlers who left Europe and came to the New World brought many European customs with them. Sometimes they even brought the names of their towns and countries. There are many places in America which have the names of European towns. There are places called New London, New Orleans, New Paris, St. Petersburg and Moscow.

        The USA is a great, powerful state with its culture, economy and politics. The flag of the country has stars and stripes (звёзды и полосы). The 50 stars represent fifty states which the country contains (содержит) and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen original English colonies, which first appeared in the 17th century: the settlers from Europe came to the new land on the eastern coast (на восточном побережье). In 1775 the colonies began their struggle against England for their independence. In 1776 the thirteen colonies became free and independent of England.

        The currency of the country is the dollar. The population of the USA is about 265 million people. It is mixed. The USA is called "the nation of immigrants". The country was settled, built and developed by immigrants and their children. Many different cultural traditions, racial groups make up the people of the USA.

If we look at the map, we can see lowlands and mountains. The highest peak is Mount McKinley which is located in Alaska (the largest state). America's largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, and the Columbia.

The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It has a sea-border with Russia. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in the east.

There are many important cities in the USA: Washington is the capital of the country, the seat of the government. Its population is over 3 million. George Washington was the first president of the country and the city has his name. The White House is the residence of the president and the oldest public building. 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is the most famous address in America. Here every president, except G. Washington, has lived. Tourists can visit many rooms in the House except for those that the President and his family occupy. The city is planned very well. Streets that run from south to north are numbered. The streets that go from east to west are lettered (A street, В street and so on). Large streets are called avenues and have the names of big states. For example, Pennsylvania Avenue. So it is hard to get lost in Washington. New York is the largest city in the USA (over 11 million people), the largest seaport in America and a financial center. The city is the center of advertising, fashion. The whole area is very small, that is why the skyscrapers were built. The two streets - Broadway and Fifth Avenue are famous all over the world. Broadway is the center of theatres and night life, buses and subway run all night, drugstores and restaurants never close their doors. Fifth Avenue is a great shopping center. If you go along this avenue, you come to Harlem, where the colored people of New York live, workers, teachers, doctors and musicians.

    New York is known as "melting pot", (плавильный котёл наций). The population of this city consists of different nationalities. New York smells the whole world kitchen. Italian, Greek, Chinese, Korean, Russian, Mexican, Spanish, African cuisines compete with each other. The best way to go around NY is on foot. There are traffic jams everywhere and the parking is astronomically expensive. You can travel by subway, it runs 24 hours a day. But it is rather unattractive and not so well organized as in Moscow. 

Vocabulary:

the true discoverer- истинный первооткрыватель

followed his way - следовали по его пути

explore - исследовать, изучать

an explorer - исследователь

Europeans-европейцы

looked for riches- искали богатства

trip- поездка, путешествие

a journey -путешествие (длительное)

unknown-неизвестное

grew uр - вырос

borders on - граничит с

to make up - оставлять

stick (stuck) - приклеивать, прилипать

the settlers- поселенцы

to find a quick way-найти быстрый путь

the East- восток (the West, the South, the

North)

brave-смелый, отважный

 "Sail оп!"- «Плывем дальше! »

to be sure -быть уверенным

brought -принесли (bring-brought) customs - традиции, обычаи

 to represent – представлять

 unattractive – непривлекательное

 lowlands and mountains-низменности горы

advertising-реклама

fashion-мода

"melting pot"-a place where many ideas, races, customs are mixed, (metaphor) population-население

to smell-пахнуть

compete with each other- соревнуются

между собой

Задание 1. Распределите слова по частям речи: Существительное/ Глагол/ Прилагательное

Scientists, explore, explorer, true, discoverer, great, sailors, sail, earth, round, quick, way, begin, get, angry, mistake, leave, settlers, customs, powerful, state, stripes, represent, appear, independence, independent, currency, population, mixed, different, cultural, culture, highest, largest, border, government, famous, occupy, avenues, hard, advertising, skyscrapers, subway, run, colored, smell, compete, expensive, unattractive, foot .

Задание 2. Translate the words and expressions.

Граничить с другими странами, морская граница, исследователь, искать богатства, истинный открыватель, моряки, поселенцы, валюта, политика, реклама, мода, путешествие, приносить обычаи, морская граница, представлять собой, борьба за независимость, Тихий океан, Атлантический океан, правительство, население, потеряться, небоскрёбы, метро, аптека, цветное население, состоит из, непривлекательный.

Задание 3. Continue the sentences.

1. Nobody knows how        
2. Many Europeans came to the new continent to look        
3. Christopher Columbus was        
4. He loved        
5. He called people in America        
6. Columbus thought that he came to        
7. The flag of the USA has        
8. The stars mean (represent)        , the stripes mean        
9. In 1776 the colonies became        of England.
10. The currency of the country is        
11. The population of the USA is        
12. The USA is called the nation of.        
13. The largest state is        
14. The USA borders on        
15. Washington is        
16. Its population is over        
17. George Washington was        
18. The residence of the president is        
19. Large streets are called        
20. The city is planned                 it is hard to        (потеряться).
21. New York is        
22. Over        million people live here.
23. There are a lot of        because the whole area is        
24. Broadway and Fifth Avenue are        
25. Harlem is the place where        

Задание 4. Match (сопоставьте) the English and American words.

BRITISH ENGLISH                          AMERICAN ENGLISH

Flat                                                                   corporation
luggage                                                             elevator
milliard                                                             intersection
cab                                                                    drawing room
company                                                           railroad
city/town centre                                                subway
chemist's                                                            billion
lift                                                                      soccer
autumn                                                               baggage
petrol                                                                  downtown
motorway                                                           taxi
cross-roads                                                        drugstore
living room                                                        apartment
cinema                                                                gas
railway                                                                fall
shop-assistant                                                      movies
football                                                                highway
underground                                                        salesman, clerk

Задание 5. Answer “true” or “false”.

1. Everybody knows how people first came to America.
2. We call Columbus the true discoverer of Russia.
3. As many other Europeans, Columbus thought that the earth was round.
4. The flag of the USA has 51 stars and.
5. There are no places in America which have the names of European towns.
6. The currency of the country is the dollar.
7. New York is the capital of the country, the seat of the government.
8. George Washington was the first president of the USA.
9. New York is the small town in the USA.
10.  Broadway is the center of theatres and night life, buses and subway run all night, drugstores and restaurants never close their doors.
11.  Fifth Avenue is a great industrial center.
12. The best way to go around NY is on foot.
13.  The USA borders on New Zealand in the north and on Mexico in the south.
14.  America's largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, and the Columbia.
15.  The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Indian Ocean.

Grammar work.

The Imperative. Повелительное наклонение.

Задание 1. Образуйте повелительное наклонение 

Example: to stop – Stop!

to print, to open, to answer, to wait, to come in, to close.

Задание 2.  A) Сделайте высказывания отрицательными;

B) Постройте предложения в вежливой форме.

Example:  Read! – A)Don’t/ Do not read!

                               B)Will you read, please?

1. Call up John!
2. Print !
3. Play the game!
4. Answer !
5. Go to school!
6. Continue !
7. Choose the code!
8. Wait !
9. Press the key!

Задание 3.  Замените местоимения, используя подсказку в скобках.

Example: Let’s go there (he). -  Let him go there

1. Let's buy a cake (she)
2. Let's write a letter (he)
3. Let's choose a code (they)
4. Let's go to the library (she)
5. Let's help him (I)

Тема: Canada. Канада.

     Canada is situated in North America. In fact, it is one of the largest countries in the world. Its area is about 10 million square kilometers. Canada's only neighbour is the USA. The border between the two countries is the longest unguarded border in the world. Canada is washed by three oceans: Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Arctic Ocean. The national symbol of this country is a maple leaf.

     Though this country occupies a vast territory the population is only about 30 million people who are concentrated mostly along the southern border in such cities like Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec City and others.

     The word “Canada” comes from one of the Red Indian languages – “Kannata”, meaning “village”. The story of Canada goes back over 400 years. The French were the first settlers to this country. In 1759 Canada became a part of the British Empire. In 1931 it became independent from Britain. Today Canada is an independent federative state, but formally Elizabeth II, the Queen of Great Britain, is a head of the state, but she doesn’t rule. The real power belongs to the Prime Minister and his Cabinet.  

     Canada is a union of ten provinces and three territories. The main provinces are Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, Alberta, etc. Ontario is the centre of The Niagara Falls, one of the world's most voluminous waterfalls, famous both for its beauty and as a valuable source of hydroelectric power. Quebec is the biggest province in Canada; its area exceeds three times the area of France.

     It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. All Canadian children have to learn both French and English at school.

     Nowadays Canada is a country with very high standards of living. This country is particularly advanced in the areas of health, education, social protection and human rights.

Vocabulary:   

neighbour - сосед

are concentrated mostly - сконцентрированы главным образом

voluminous - пространный

waterfalls - водопады

a valuable source - ценный источник

hydroelectric power - гидроэлектроэнергия
bilingual – двуязычный

Задание 1 .  Answer the questions.

1. Where is Canada situated?
2. What is the capital of Canada?
3. What is the national symbol of this country?
4. How many people live there?
5. Where are people concentrated?
6. What does the word “Canada” mean?
7. Who were the first settles of this country?
8. Who’s the head of the state?
9. Today Canada is a monarchy or an independent federative state?
10. How many territories and provinces are there?
11. What are the main provinces?
12. Nowadays Canada is a country with very high standards of living, isn’t it?
13.  Name the official languages of Canada.

Задание 2. Complete the sentences using the text.

1. Canada is situated …….
2. The border between Canada and the USA is ………
3. Canada is washed by………
4. The national symbol of this country is……..
5. People are concentrated mostly……..
6. …….. were the first settlers to this country.
7. Today Canada is an independent federative state, but formally…... is a head of the state.
8. …………is the biggest province in Canada.
9. Ontario is the centre of …………..
10.  It is a ………… and multicultural country.
11.  All Canadian children have to learn both ………. at school.
12.   This country is particularly advanced in …………

Задание 3. Put the words into the right order to make the sentences.

1. Canada ten a union provinces and three of territories is
2. is country a It and multicultural bilingual
3. the biggest is Quebec province Canada in
4. The goes Canada back 400 over years story of
5. leaf national The of this country is symbol a maple

Задание 4. Translate the words and expressions.

     Кленовый лист, королева Великобритании, омывается, сосед, водопады, независимый, высокий уровень жизни, глава государства, обширная территория, главные провинции, гидроэлектростанция, официальные языки, южная граница, ценный источник, права человека, вынуждены учить, образование.

Задание 5. Распределите слова по частям речи: Существительное/ Глагол/ Прилагательное

   Countries, the largest, independent, languages, goes, rights, concentrate, the biggest, multicultural, symbol, bilingual, territories, have to, the border, national, social, live, beauty, come, belong, area, valuable, learn, children, settlers, leaf, Canadian, occupy, source.

Задание 6. Answer “true” or “false”.

1. Canada is situated in South America.
2. Canada is washed by Pacific Ocean only.
3. The national symbol of this country is a maple leaf.
4. The Italians were the first settlers to this country.
5. Canada has 50 states and one district.
6. Formally Elizabeth II, the Queen of Great Britain, is a head of the state, but she doesn’t rule.
7. Quebec is the centre of The Niagara Falls.
8. All Canadian children have to learn both French and English at school.
9. Nowadays Canada is a country with very low standards of living.
10.  Quebec is the biggest province in Canada.

Grammar work.

The Subjunctive Mood. Сослагательное наклонение.

       Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood) обозначает действия которые могли бы произойти в воображаемых (нереальных) ситуациях.

   Задание 1. Translate the sentences.

1. It would be silly to miss such a film. 
2. If you went to New York City you would join in carol singing at Washington Square on Christmas Eve.

3. If you went to New York City you could join in carol singing at Washington Square on Christmas Eve. 

 4. If we had had to choose we should have come to New York City instead. 
5. If we had had to choose we might have come to New York City instead. 

      6. If I were you I shouldn't go to the party before an exam. 
     7. If you went to New York City you would join in carol singing at Washington Square on Christmas Eve. 

      8. If we had had to choose we should have come to New York City instead. 
      9. Even if we stayed longer we wouldn’t be able to see everything. 
      10. I wish you could see the magnificent illumination looking as if white delicate snowflakes were floating over Fifth Avenue at 57th street. 

 Задание 2. Open the brackets and translate the sentences.

1. He suggests that she (to try) something else. 
2. They only requested that he (to allow) to see the heads of the departments.
3. John requires of a man that he (to be) clever. 
4. Tom proposed that they (to walk) down to the sea hill. 
5. They decided that Liz (to have) the food that had been ordered. 
6. Charles insisted that I (to keep) it in secret. 
7. She soon demanded that the work (to finish) in time. 
8. I’ve made up my mind that she (to send for). 
9. I thought that I (to get) over it. 
10. He had never suggested that I (to visit) them. 
11. He insisted that I (to be) also present. 
12. The teacher recommended that the students (to work) in the library. 
13. She insists that the margins (to be) on the left side of the page. 
14. She promised to arrange that mother (to come and sit) with the baby. 
15. It was demanded that some kind of school-leaving certificate (to be provided). 
16. It was intended that she (to be sent) to school. 
17. He ordered that nothing (to be touched).

Ottawa

Ottawa is one of the most beautiful capitals in the world. It is the second largest city in the Province of Ontario. Ottawa is situated on the south bank of the Ottawa River. A thriving international technology and business centre and world class tourism and convention destination, Ottawa is also rich in culture and heritage with its many national institutions, parklands, waterways and historic architecture. It is home to a large number of foreign embassies and is a recognized centre for both academics and professional training.

The city offers an open and welcoming environment to cultures from around the world, providing service in English, French, and a host of other languages. The city’s residents enjoy an enviable quality of life that is recognized around the world.

          A population of over 1.2 million makes the Ottawa region the fourth-largest urban area in Canada.

          Ottawa is home to such high tech giants as Nortel Networks, Alcatel, Cognos, Tundra, Cisco, MDS Nordion and Entrust.

Ottawa is also the home of government organizations such as the Government of Canada, Parliament, the Senate, and the Supreme Court of Canada.

The major cultural centres remain the city's three universities. The University of Ottawa and St. Paul University are bilingual institutions, whereas instruction at Carleton University is entirely in English. A large community college, Algonquin, provides technical training.

Ottawa is a city of bridges. There are more than 20 bridges in the city. Ottawa is famous for its walks, along which about a million of tulips bloom in spring.

Vocabulary:

bank - берег

thriving - процветающий

heritage - наследие

parklands - парковые насаждения

waterways - водные пути

embassies - посольства

to offer - предложить

an open and welcoming environment - открытая и радушная окружающая среда

to provide - обеспечить

urban area - городская территория

high tech giants - высокие технические гиганты

Supreme Court - Верховный Суд

whereas - тогда как

tulips - тюльпаны

to bloom – цвести

Задание 1. Answer the questions:

1. What is Ottawa?
2. Where is it situated?
3. Which organizations can you see in Ottawa?
4. Ottawa is home to many high tech giants, isn’t it?
5. How many people live in Ottawa?

Задание 2. Translate the sentences.

1. Оттава - одна из самых красивых столиц в мире.
2. Город предлагает открытую и радушную окружающую среду культурам со всего мира.
3. Население более чем 1.2 миллионов делает район Оттавы четвертой по величине городской территорией в Канаде.
4. Оттава - также дом правительственных организаций, таких как правительство Канады, Парламент, Сенат, и Верховный Суд Канады.
5. В городе есть более  20 мостов.

Задание 3. Match the words and word combinations.

1. one of the most beautiful                       a) largest city

2. Ottawa is situated on                             b)  bridges 

    3. Ottawa is also the home of                     c) bilingual institution

    4. The major cultural centres remain          d) the city's three universities

    5. the second                                              e) bloom in spring

6. Ottawa is a city of                                   f) the south bank of the Ottawa River

    7. a million of tulips                                    g) capitals

    8. The University of Ottawa is                    h) government organizations

Тема: Australia. Австралия.

         Australia, or the Commonwealth of Australia, as it is officially called, is a large country lying between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Australia is an island, like Britain, but unlike Britain it is vast. It is, in fact, nearly twenty-five times as large as the British Isles. Its area is about 8,000,000 sq. km. The population of Australia is about 18 mln. Most of Australia is semi-desert. People cannot live where no water is, and so most of people in Australia live in the richer south-east.

       The name Australia is derived from the Latin australis, meaning "southern". The first Australian people were dark-skinned Aborigines, and though the coming of the white settlers destroyed their tribal lives, some sixty thousand still survive in Australia today. They are about 1 percent of the population. They may be found in the island areas of the country. Some live in modern cities but it is not really easy for them. They have to fight for their rights. The first Europeans to land in this country were Dutch sailors. From 1787 to 1867 Australia was a place where criminals were sent from Britain. That is why the official language of Australia is English.

       Historically it was a part of the British Empire and now - a member of a Commonwealth of Nations. Formally the chief of the state is the British Queen Elizabeth II represented by the Governor General.  The Head of the Government is the Prime Minister.

       Australia has six states and two territories: South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory. Each state and territory has a capital city.

       The capital of Australia is Canberra, which became the capital only in 1927. It is located in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in the southeast corner of New South Wales. It is not very large with the population of about 300,000. It was specially designed and built as a capital. The new Parliament House was opened in 1988. Canberra is a “natural capital” without industry so the air here is fresh and crisp. Australia’s national sights and museums are located in Canberra. There are National Gallery, the National Science and Technology Centre and so on.

        Australia is a very urban country. About 70% of the population lives in 10 largest cities.

       The oldest and largest is Sydney, the capital of New South Wales. It is leading industrial city. Nearly a quarter of all Australians live here. It hosted 2000 Olympics. Sydney is surrounded by national parks has a large zoo, impressive galleries, museums.

        Founded in 1835 by pioneers from Tasmania, Melbourne is Australia's second largest city and the capital of the state of Victoria. Its multicultural population of nearly 3 million comes from succeeding waves of immigrants. It is a lively, prosperous city with good public transportation, several major universities, and a growing financial and business district.

        Australian climate is dry and warm. Australia is situated in the Southern Hemisphere and that is why it has summer when we have winter. January is the hottest month in Australia. Australia is separated from many countries. The animals in Australia have developed differently. They are interesting. You can see the dingo, a wild dog that kills other animals at night, the kangaroo and many parrots there. Australia is an industrial country. It has coal, nickel, zinc and gold. Australia is one of the most important producers of metals and minerals. It exports wool production, meat, fruit and sugar.

Vocabulary:

Commonwealth of Australia - Австралийский Союз

vast - обширный

semi-desert - полупустыня

is derived - получен

dark-skinned - темнокожий

tribal lives - племенные жизни

survive  - выжить

have to fight - должны бороться

the Governor General - генерал-губернатор

specially designed - специально разработанный

urban country - урбанизированная страна

succeeding waves of immigrants - последующие волны иммигрантов

prosperous - богатый

Southern Hemisphere - Южное полушарие

Задание 1. Answer the questions.

1. What’s the official name of the country?
2. What’s the capital of Australia?
3. Who were the original inhabitants of the country?
4. Where is Australia situated?
5. How many people live there?
6. Who’s the head of the state?
7. Canberra was specially designed and built as a capital, wasn’t it?
8. What city is the largest in Australia, Sydney or Melbourne?
9. Why does Australia have summer when we have winter?
10.  What animals can you meet in Australia?
11.  Why do you think the Aboriginal people lost their land?
12.  Where else have white people taken land from the original inhabitants?

 Задание 2. Continue the sentences.

1. Australia is an island like ……….
2. The population of Australia ………
3. Most of Australia is ……..
4. The first Australian people were …….
5. From 1787 to 1867 Australia was ……..
6. Formally the chief of the state is ………..
7. Canberra is located ………..
8. The oldest and largest city is ………
9. The animals in Australia ……
10.  Australia exports …………
11.  Melbourne is Australia's …..
12.  Most of people in Australia live …..

Задание 3. Make the word combinations.

• destroyed                               by national parks
• have to                                   of Australia
• became                                  wool production
• built                                       tribal lives
• is surrounded                         as a capital
• to export                                the capital
• the Commonwealth               fight

Задание 4.  Read the dialogue about Australian people.

Dialogue: Meeting with the Australian

Tom:  Hello, Michael!

Michael:  Hello, Tom!
              
T: We're going to talk about Australia. Or you’re going to talk about Australia. 
So first of all how many people live in Australia?

M: Australia? Oh, there are about twenty million people in Australia right now. A little bit under. But close to twenty. 

T: OK. What are the biggest cities?

M: The biggest city is Sydney. Um, then it is followed by Melbourne and then Brisbane.
And then I think it's Perth. But most of the big cities are on the East Coast of Australia.

T: OK. Um, if you had to live in one place where would you live?

M: I like Brisbane. I had my teenage years in Brisbane, growing up in Brisbane, or maybe
Sidney because it is a big city, but Brisbane has got the gold coast and the sunshine. 

T: Oh, nice. Actually, what is the capital city of Australia?

M: Ah, Canberra is the capital city. But it is not the biggest city. Sydney is the biggest city.
Canberra was made by the politicians so Sydney wouldn't get to crowded.
It's a separate territory.

T: Have you been to all the major cities in Australia?

M: Uh, I have been to Melbourne when I was young and only a short time in Perth.

T: OK. What is the best thing about Australia?

M: The best thing about Australia? Ah, probably the friendly people. The relaxed attitude,
and we like visitors.

T: Oh, cool. Ah, how are Australians different than other people? How are they unique?

M: How are Australians unique? I would say that we're more fun-loving maybe 
or excepting of other people.
And we don't um mind making new friends and actually and conversing with other people.

T: That's nice. OK. Thanks a lot Michael.

M: No worries.
   

The Nature of Australia

The Great Barrier Reef on the coast of Queensland is a garden under the sea. There are 1,400 different kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of coral. Tropical fruit and flowers grow on the beautiful islands. It's not surprising that more holiday-makers come to Queensland every year. Tasmania, the island south of Australia, is small. It is the same size as England. It is also very different from the other states. There are no deserts in Tasmania. It often rains, both in winter and summer. Only a half of million people live in Tasmania, and a large part of the island is still covered with wild and beautiful forests. These forests are full of wonderful flowers and interesting animals.

In the Northern Territory you will find the red heart of Australia. And it really is red, with red rocks, red sand, and red skies in the evening. Every year, thousands of tourists visit Ayers Rock and a strange group of huge red stones called "the Olgas". But these places are also holy to the Aboriginals. They believe that the land itself has life.

Sydney is the best known place in New South Wales. In fact, it's the best known place in Australia. But New South Wales has more than cities. There are, for example, the Blue Mountains. They are covered with forests of blue coloured eucalyptus trees. The air above the forest contains millions of microscopic drops of eucalyptus oil. When the sun shines, the air of the Blue Mountains is a real, beautiful blue.

Australia is sometimes called "the lucky country". One reason is the wonderful riches under the earth: gold, silver, iron, coal and many precious metals. The Bass Strait, of the coast of Victoria, has been one of the country's biggest oil fields for many years. South Australia is the driest of all the states, but it does have the Murray River. The river brings greenness and life to the south-east corner. In the early of Australian history, the Murray River was South Australia's main road. Before real roads and railways came, the river carried people and goods from the east up into the country. Some towns on the Murray still keep the old river boats, and visitors can ride on them. There are two kinds of gold in Western Australia. First, there's real kind — the kind that comes out of the ground. Gold was found in Kalgoorlie in 1893, and the "Golden Mile" was for a time the most expensive piece of land in the world. Kalgoorlie still exports some gold, but the new gold of Western Australia is wheat. Big farms grow millions of tons of wheat every year, and wheat has become Australia's second biggest export.

Vocabulary:

The Great Barrier Reef — Большой Барьерный риф

coral — кораллы

holiday-maker — отпускник

island — остров

desert — пустыня

wild — дикий

rock — скала 

sand — песок 

sky — небо

holy — святыня

Aboriginals — аборигены

contain — содержать

drop — капля

eucalyptus — эвкалипт

oil — масло

lucky — счастливый

riches — богатства

iron — железо

coal — уголь

precious — драгоценный

oil — нефть 

dry — сухой

industry — промышленность

carry — заботиться

piece — часть

wheat — пшеница

Задание 1. Answer the questions:

1. How many kinds of fish are there on the coast of Queensland?

2. How many kinds of coral are there on the coast of Queensland?

3. What grows on the beautiful islands?

4. What can you say about the weather in Tasmania?

5. Where will you find the red heart of Australia?

6. What is the best known place in New South Wales?

7. Why is the air above the forests blue?

8. Why is Australia sometimes called "the lucky country"?

9. What state is the driest of all?

10. What is the new gold of Western Australia?

Задание  2. Find the wrong word:

1) coal                                  3)  gold

    drop                                     silver

     oil                                        holy

     iron                                      metal

2) forest                                4)  The Bass Strait

    desert                                    The Great Barrier Reef

    field                                      The Blue Mountains

     wheat                                    The Murray River

Задание  3. Read the names of Australian sights:

1) New South                   а) River

2) The Murray                  b) Wales

3) The Great                     c) Territory

4) Northern                       d) Barrier Reef

5) The Blue                       e) Mountains

Sydney

Sydney is the capital of the State of New South Wales. Its metropolitan area is over 1,573 square miles. About 3 million people now live in the city. Sydney is the oldest and largest city in Australia.

Sydney was founded in 1788. The discovery of gold in 1851 stimulated its development.

It was the first city founded in Australia by British colonists — due to the beautiful site and the advantages offered by streams and bays. The principal streets are lined by handsome residences and commercial houses. The important buildings include the government offices — of white stone in Italian style, the magnificent Town Hall with a high tower and fine organ, the University, Parliament Houses.

There are some places of interest in Sydney such as Town Hall, Sydney Opera House, the Australian Museum, the University of Sydney and others.

The Australian Museum, founded in 1836, is the oldest institution of the kind in Australia. It contains a very large botanical garden, a technological exhibit, and a library.

The University of Sydney dates from 1852, receiving its royal charter in 1858. Women students were admitted since 1881.

Sydney is a big industrial centre. Sydney manufactures electrical engineering and electronics, computers, refrigerators; light and food industries, printing industry are also developed in the city.

Sydney manufactures glass, pottery, boots and shoes, stoves, hardware, tobacco, etc.

Like London, Sydney has the City, Hyde Park and Speakers Corner.

Vocabulary:

metropolitan  — столичный

discovery — открытие

development — развитие

due — из-за

advantage — преимущество

bay — залив

to include — включать

magnificent — великолепный

o contain — содержать

exhibit — экспозиция

charter — устав

to be admitted — быть допущенными

pottery — керамика

stove — плита, печь

Задание 1. Answer the questions:

1. Sydney is the capital of Australia, isn’t it?
2. How many people live in the city now?
3. When was Sydney founded?
4. What places of interest in Sydney do you know?
5. When was The Australian Museum founded?
6. What can you see in The Australian Museum?
7. When was The University of Sydney founded?
8. Sydney isn’t a big industrial centre, is it?
9. What can you say about Sydney’s industry?
10. What does Sydney manufacture?

Задание  2. Read the names of Sydney’s sights:

1) Town                          а) Houses

2) Parliament                  b) Hall

3) the Australian             c) of Sydney

4) Sydney                       d) Museum

5) the University             e) Park

6) Hyde                           f) Corner

7) Speakers                      g) Opera House

Задание  3. Inscribe the necessary words:

the State of _____  _____ Wales,

_____________ area,

______ miles,

the ___________ of gold,

________ colonists,

the ____________ Town Hall,

___________ Houses,

Sydney _________ House,

the __________ Museum,

the __________ of Sydney,

Speakers ________,

a ___________ exhibit,

a big ____________ centre,

_________ engineering,

a very large ___________ garden.

Тема: New Zealand. Новая Зеландия.

New Zealand is an island country in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. It lies about 1 600 km southeast of Australia and about 10 500 km southwest of California. New Zealand belongs to a large island group called Polynesia. It consists of two main islands (North Island and South Island) and some smaller ones.

Wellington is the capital of New Zealand. It is a financial centre too. There are some educational and cultural institutions in Wellington. They are the University of New Zealand, Victoria University College and others. The city was founded in 1840 and has been the capital since 1865. One of the most important city and the largest port in North Island is Auckland.  Christchurch and Dunedin are the most important towns in South Island. New Zealand is sometimes called "The Britain of the Pacific", because the cities and towns of the country resemble very much those of England.

  The country once belonged to the British Empire. Today it is an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations, an association of Britain and a number of its former colonies.  New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, although its constitution is not codified. Queen Elizabeth II is the Queen of New Zealand and the head of state. She appoints a governor general to represent her, but the governor general has little power. The legislation, prime minister, and Cabinet run the national government.   

 The first people who settled in New Zealand were a brown skinned people called Maoris. They came from Polynesian islands located northeast of New Zealand. The country was discovered by Europeans in 1642, but they did not start to settle in the islands until the late 1700's. Today, most New Zealanders are descendants of the early European settlers. Maoris make up about 12% of the country's population. They are famous for their folk-songs, music and dances; they are very skilled in wood-work.
         English is the predominant language in New Zealand, spoken by 98 percent of the population. After the Second World War, Māori were discouraged from speaking their own language in schools and workplaces and it existed as a community language only in a few remote areas. There are now Māori language immersion schools and two Māori Television channels.

 Most of the major sporting codes played in New Zealand have English origins. Golf, netball, tennis and cricket are the four top participatory sports, soccer is the most popular among young people and rugby union attracts the most spectators.

New Zealand has a mild and temperate climate.  New Zealand's climate with rainfalls all the year round, is very favourable for dairying, sheep-farming and cattle-farming, as well as growing fruit, vegetables and flowers.

There are many mountains in New Zealand. The highest is Mount Cook. There are many rivers and lakes in the country. The chief rivers are the Waikato and the Wairu. You have heard about the native animals in the country. One of them is the kiwi. This interesting bird lives in the wet parts of the thick bushes. In the day-time the bird does not go out. It comes out only at night to find food. Kiwis cannot fly. Many years ago kiwis were hunted for food. Now the government does not permit the hunting the kiwis. The kiwi is now the symbol of New Zealand people. Small children are often called kiwis.
         New Zealand has got heavy industry. There are many plants in the country. Paper and rubber industries are developed too. New Zealand exports wool, meat, butter.  New Zealand has one of the highest standard of living in the world.

Vacabulary:

to belong - принадлежать

was founded - был основан

"The Britain of the Pacific" - "Великобритания Тихого океана"

 resemble - напомнить

British Empire - Британская империя

the Commonwealth of Nations -      Содружество Стран

is not codified - не кодифицирован

to appoint - назначить

governor general - генерал-губернатор

 to represent - представлять

legislation - законодательство

brown skinned people - темнокожий народ

to settle - обосноваться

former colonies - бывшие колонии

descendants - потомки

predominant language - преобладающий язык

were discouraged - были обескуражены

remote areas - отдалённые районы

immersion schools - школы языкового погружения

spectators - зрители

mild and temperate - мягкий и умеренный

rainfalls - ливни

favourable - благоприятный

dairying - производство молочных продуктов

           sheep-farming - овцеводство

cattle-farming - разведение крупнорогатого скота

thick bushes - густые кустарники

does not permit - не разрешается

Задание 1. Answer the questions.

   1. Where is New Zealand situated?
   2. What city is the capital of New Zealand?
   3. What languages do people in New Zealand speak?
   4. What is the official language in New Zealand?
   5. Who is New Zealand's head of the  state?
   6. Who runs the national government?
   7. Who were the first people to live in New Zealand?
   8. What are the main industries of the country?

   9. What’s the nation symbol of  New Zealand?

10. How are small children often called?

11. What kinds of sport are popular in this country?

12. Today New Zealand is an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations, isn’t it?

Задание 2. Translate the words and words combinations into English.

1. It consists of two main islands………………. (Северный остров и Остров Южный и некоторых поменьше).
2. There are some……………. ( образовательные и культурные учреждения) in Wellington.
3. The city…………. (был основан в 1840).
4. (Одним из самых важных городов на Северном острове) ………….. is Auckland.
5. (Новую Зеландию иногда называют) ……….. "The Britain of the Pacific".
6. New Zealand is …………… (конституционная монархия с парламентарной демократией).
7. The country ………………… (была открыта европейцами в 1642).
8. English is …………….. (преобладающий язык в Новой Зеландии).
9. (Главные реки) ………….. the Waikato and the Wairu.
10. New Zealand has got …………… (тяжелую промышленность).
11. (Бумажная и резиновая промышленность) ……… are developed too.
12. New Zealand has …………. (один из самых высоких уровней жизни в мире).

Задание 3. Translate into English.

1. Остров был открыт европейцами в 1642 году.
2. Город был основан в 1840 году.
3. Климат в стране мягкий и умеренный.
4. В течение года там часто идут ливневые дожди.
5. Королева является главой государства.
6. Удивительная птица Киви – это символ страны.
7. Новая Зеландия поставляет шерсть, мясо и масло другим странам.
8. Футбол очень популярен среди молодежи.
9. Большинство жителей Новой Зеландии являются потомками европейских первопоселенцев.
10.  Столицей государства  является Уэллингтон.

Задание 4. Расставь в правильной последовательности текст, поставь нумерацию к абзацам

A/   . New Zealand is rich in minerals, but few have been extensively exploited. In the South Auckland area the iron and steel industry is developed. In 1962, natural gas and petroleum were discovered in the Taranaki district. Uranium-bearing minerals are located in the area of the South Island.

B/    . The majority of the population is of British origin, but there are small groups of Chinese, Indians, Dutch, Yugoslavs, Greeks, and Poles.

C/    . New Zealand has an Academy of Sciences. It conducts scientific and technological research.

D/     . The flag has two main features: the red, white, and blue Union Jack in the upper left quarter and the four-star Southern Cross in the right half. On the blue state flag the stars are red, outlined in white.

E/    . Two-thirds of the total area of New Zealand is devoted to agriculture and animal husbandry.

Задание 5. Tell about New Zealand using the chart.

• Geographical location: … Southwest Pacific Ocean
• Situation: … the North Island and the South Island
• Capital: …
• Total area: … square kilometres.
• Population: …people.
• First settlers: …
• Principal towns: … Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington.
• Principal industries: … wood and paper products, wool, textile, iron, steel.
• Head of State  … Queen … represented by …
• Nature: ……
• National emblems: …

Задание 6. Read the dialogue about educational system in New Zealand.

Dialogue

Interviewer: Hannah, tell us about the educational system in New Zealand. For example, how long do students spend in the system?

Hannah: Oh… a long time! Usually about 17 or 18 years if they go to university.

Interviewer: When did you start school?
Hannah: At the age of five.

Interviewer: How many years were you at primary school?
Hannah: Five years – from five to ten.
Interviewer: Where did you go after primary school?
Hannah : Well, then I went to an intermediate school, from ten to twelve. Then at twelve we start at secondary school.
Interviewer: Mmm. When can students leave secondary school?
Hannah: Well, we can leave secondary school at sixteen, but most students stay till they’re eighteen.
Interviewer: Do a lot of students go on to higher education?
Hannah: Yes, I think about fifty per cent of students go into higher education – that’s universities, polytechnics, colleges of education…
Interviewer: Which type of institution did you go to?
Hannah: I went to a college of education because I wanted to be a teacher. I became a primary teacher, so I studied for three years and finished when I was twenty-two.
Interviewer: Do you have to pay for your higher education studies in New Zealand?
Hannah: Yes, we have to pay some of the costs, but not all.
Interviewer: How much does a student have to pay?
Hannah: Oh… It can be 2,000 dollars or it can be 20,000.
Interviewer: Well, thank you, Hannah.

Vocabulary:

educational system – система образования

primary school - начальная школа
intermediate school - промежуточная школа
secondary school - средняя школа

     higher education - высшее образование

Grammar work.

Modal verbs. Модальные глаголы.

      Модальные глаголы выражают не действия, а только отношение к ним со стороны говорящего. К числу модальных глаголов   относятся can (могу, умею), may (могу, разрешаю), must (должен, обязан), ought to (должен), shall (должен), should (должен), need (нужно), have to (вынужден). 

    Особенности модальных глаголов:

1. У них отсутствует ряд грамматических форм, например: они не имеют суффикса -s в 3-м лице единственного числа настоящего времени; у них нет инфинитива, окончания -ing и причастия; у некоторых из них нет формы прошедшего времени (must, should, ought, need). 
2. Инфинитив смыслового глагола употребляется без частицы to после всех модальных глаголов, кроме ought, to have и to be. 
3. Вопросительные и отрицательные формы предложений, в которых имеются модальные глаголы, строятся без вспомогательного глагола do, за исключением глагола to have.

Задание 1. Translate the sentences.

1. What can I do for you?
2. You may come in.
3. You must watch this film. It’s very interesting.
4. He must be ill, he looks so pale.
5. I have to go there every day.
6. You ought to help your friend.
7. Shall I read it again?
8. He shouldn’t do it without his brother’s permission.
9. How should I know?
10. Need I repeat it?

  Задание 2.  Complete the sentences using can, can’t, may, must, need, should, have to.

1. Sandra …….. drive but she hasn’t got a car.
2. You’ve been travelling all day. You ……be very tired.
3. They haven’t lived here very long. They …… know many people.
4. …… I open the window? It’s very hot.
5. I …… get up early tomorrow.
6. I think she….. go away for a few days.
7. I don’t think we……. Continue the conversation.

 Задание 3. Translate into English.

1. Ты можешь перевести этот текст?
2. В комнате темно, я не могу найти свои вещи.
3. Они должны вернуть все деньги.
4. Ты можешь делать все, что хочешь.
5. Мне пришлось уйти рано с работы.
6. Я прошу прощения. Мне не следовало этого говорить.
7. Не стоит задавать таких вопросов.
8. Он обязан это знать.
9. Новость может напугать её.
10.  Мне можно идти?
11.  Я был вынужден вернуться.
12.  Тебе надо навестить брата в больнице.

The Capital of New Zealand.

Wellington is the capital city and a seaport. It is also a financial, commercial and transportation centre of New Zealand. It is situated on a mountainous site at the head of Wellington Harbour (formerly Port Nicholson). It is at the geographical centre of the Dominion, on Cook Strait between North and South Islands. The city was founded in 1840. The population of Wellington is about 350,000 people.

The site was discovered early in the 10th century by Kipe, the celebrated Polynesian navigator, who landed but found the place uninhabited. Eight centuries later, in 1773, Captain James Cook sailed through the strait which now bears his name, but did not enter the harbour.

Wellington was named after the first duke of Wellington, and the first settlement of New Zealand Colonists was founded in 1840. The capital of New Zealand was Auckland and in 1865 it was transferred to Wellington.

New Zealand manufactures motor vehicles, machinery, metal goods, textiles, chemicals, woolens, rope, packed meat, matches, soap and brick. Building stone is produced, and an extensive export trade is carried on in wool, meat, fish hides, skins, butter, cheese.

In Wellington there are many educational and cultural institutions: the University of New Zealand, Victoria University College, St Patrick's College has faculties of arts, commerce, science and law; the Dominion Museum has rare biological collections; the National Art Gallery conducts a school of art and has valuable exhibits of paintings and sculpture; the public library, a fine modern institution, also has a lecture hall and music rooms and others.

Victoria University of Wellington is among the city's many fine educational institutions. It is one of the four universities of the Dominion. It was established in 1897.

The Dominion Museum has rare biological collections, New Zealand antiquities, and samples of native Maori carvings.

The Botanical Gardens and public parks are situated on elevated sites. They offer a splendid view of the city and port.

The principal public buildings include the Houses of Parliament, Town Hall, the railway station, the National Art Gallery and Dominion Museum and many large modern structures housing government offices.

Vocabulary:

a seaport – морской порт

transportation centre – центр транспортировки

a mountainous site – гористое место

discovered – обнаруженный

place uninhabited – необитаемое место

sailed through the strait – пересеченный под парусом через пролив

the harbour – гавань

established – установленный

antiquities – предметы старины

samples – образцы

Maori carvings – резные фигурки маори

The principal public – основная общественность

modern structures  - современные структуры

Задания 1. Внимательно прочитай отрывок из текста и выпиши в 2 колонки все сущ., и все прил., перевод выполни устно.

In Wellington there are many educational and cultural institutions: the University of New Zealand, Victoria University College, St Patrick's College has faculties of arts, commerce, science and law; the Dominion Museum has rare biological collections; the National Art Gallery conducts a school of art and has valuable exhibits of paintings and sculpture; the public library, a fine modern institution, also has a lecture hall and music rooms and others.

Victoria University of Wellington is among the city's many fine educational institutions. It is one of the four universities of the Dominion. It was established in 1897.

The Dominion Museum has rare biological collections, New Zealand antiquities, and samples of native Maori carvings.

The Botanical Gardens and public parks are situated on elevated sites. They offer a splendid view of the city and port.

Задание 2. Correct the mistakes.

Site was discovered earl in the 10 century by Kipe, celebrate Polynesian navigator, who landed but found in place uninhabited. Eight centuries later, is 1773, Captain James Cook sailed through on the strait which now bears his name, but don’t enter the harbour.

Botanical garden and public is parks  situated elevate sites. They offer splendid view on the city and port.

The principal public building include the houses of parliament, town hall, on railway station, on National Art Gallery and Dominion Museum and many large is modern structure housing government one offices.

Задание 3. Retell the fallowing text.

Wellington is the capital city and a seaport. It is also a financial, commercial and transportation centre of New Zealand. It is situated on a mountainous site at the head of Wellington Harbour (formerly Port Nicholson). It is at the geographical centre of the Dominion, on Cook Strait between North and South Islands. The city was founded in 1840. The population of Wellington is about 350,000 people.

Wellington was named after the first duke of Wellington, and the first settlement of New Zealand Colonists was founded in 1840. The capital of New Zealand was Auckland and in 1865 it was transferred to Wellington.

New Zealand manufactures motor vehicles, machinery, metal goods, textiles, chemicals, woolens, rope, packed meat, matches, soap and brick. Building stone is produced, and an extensive export trade is carried on in wool, meat, fish hides, skins, butter, cheese.

AUCKLAND.

The Centre of the City.

Auckland is a large urban centre and leading port of the Dominion. The population of the city is about 750,000 people.

It is beautifully situated on a northern isthmus of North Island, at the head of Waite Mata Harbour in the northeast, and Manu ken Harbour in the south and west. There are numerous wharves, shipyards, and several docks admitting transoceanic vessels. Auckland is connected by regular steamers with Australia, the Pacific Islands, South Africa, Great Britain, and the United States. Rail lines link it with other parts of North Island. The city itself stands upon a cluster of low extinct volcanoes, among which Mount Eden is the highest.

There are a number of wonderful buildings including the Auckland University College (a division of the New Zealand University), a public library containing the Grey collection of manuscripts; Roman and Anglican cathedrals, and the Auckland War Memorial Museum.

There are some more places of interest such as the University of Auckland, which was founded in 1882 and reorganized in 1957, the City Art Gallery (1888), the Museum of Transport and Technology (1964).

Chief manufacturing interests are shipbuilding, sugar refining, munitions manufacturing, lumbering and food processing. Auckland ships mainly timber, dairy products, wool, hides, fruit, gold and metalworking.

Vocabulary:

a large urban center – крупный городской центр

a northern isthmus – северный перешеек

numerous wharves – многочисленные причалы

several docks – несколько доков

connected – связанный

regular steamers – регулярные пароходы

rail lines – железные дороги

a cluster of low extinct volcanoes – группа низких потухших вулканов

reorganized – реорганизованный

chief manufacturing interests – главные производственные интересы

munitions manufacturing - производство боеприпасов

lumbering - загромождение

timber - древесина

Задание 1. Answer the questions.

1. How many people live in Auckland?

2. Where Auckland is located?

3. What mountain is the highest?

4. What connects Auckland with other countries and islands?

5. What cultural places of Auckland do you know?

Задание 2. Continue the sentences.

1. Auckland is a large urban centre…………………….. .
2. It is beautifully situated o
3. n a northern isthmus of North Island, ……………….. .
4. There are a number of handsome buildings including the Auckland University College (a division of the New Zealand University), ……………………………………………………….. .
5. There are some more places of interest such as the University of Auckland, which was founded in 1882 and reorganized in 1957………………………………………………………………………………. .

5. Chief manufacturing interests are shipbuilding, sugar refining, munitions manufacturing, lumbering and food processing. Auckland ships ………………………………………………………………………………

Test “English – speaking countries”

1. What oceans wash the USA?

a) the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean
b) the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean
c) the Pacific and the Indian Ocean

2. What is the longest river in the USA?

a) The Colorado
b) The Mississippi
c) The Saint Lawrence

3. New York City is capital of...

a) the USA
b) New York State
c) is not the capital of any states

4. What form of governments has the United States of America?

a) Federal Republic
b) Presidential Republic
c) Parliamentary Monarchy

5. A carved pumpkin is the symbol of which holiday?

a) Christmas
b) Thanksgiving Day
c) Halloween

6. How many stars does the American flag have?

a) 48
b) 50
c) 52

7. Who was the first American President?

a) Benjamin Franklin
b) Theodore Roosevelt
c) George Washington

8. What is the largest state in the USA?

a) Alaska
b) Florida
c) Texas

9. When is Independence Day in the USA?

a) December 25th
b) November 11th
c) July 4th

10. In what country was the Statue of Liberty made?

a) in France
b) in USA
c) in Russia

11. How long is an American President’s term of office?

a) 2 years 
b) 4 years
c) 8 years

12. The White House is the residence of the...

a) Government
b) American President
c) National museum

13. Great Britain is...

a) an island
b) a peninsula
c) situated on a continent

14. The longest river in Great Britain is...

a) The Thames
b) The Severn
c) The Avon

15. What kind of state is Great Britain?

a) Absolute Monarchy
b) President Republic
c) Parliamentary Monarchy

16. What is often called the “Land of Songs”?

a) Scotland
b) Wales
c) Northern Ireland

17. William Shakespeare was born in...

a) Oxford
b) Stratford-on-Avon
c) Liverpool

18. Gulliver’s Travels was written by...

a) Jonathan Swift
b) Arthur Conan Doyle
c) Lewis Caroll

19. The Official language(s) of Canada is/are...

a) English
b) French
c) English and French

20. Who is the head of the Canadian government?

a) The Prime Minister
b) The British Queen
c) The Canadian President

21. Who discovered Australia?

a) Sir Francis Drake
b) Captain Cook
c) Robinson Crusoe

22. Cardiff is the capital of...

a) Wales
b) Scotland
c) Northern Ireland

23. Hyde Park is in...

a) Melbourne
b) Montreal
c) London

Список литературы

1. Raymond Murphy. English Grammar in Use, 2004.
2. Macmillan Education. Grammar and Vocabulary, 2009.
3. Ваулина Ю.Е. Английский язык для студентов факультета дошкольного воспитания. – М.: 2003.
4. Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. – СПб.: Каро, 2009.
5. Голубев А.П. Английский язык: Учебное пособие для студентов сред. проф. учеб. заведений. – М.: Академия, 2004.
6. Рогова Г.В. Английский язык за два года. – М.: 1996.