Проектная работа на английском языке "Биография Гюстава Эйфеля".

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The biography of Alexander Gustave Eiffel Made by the 11 th form student of Karmaly secondary school Alina Ibatullina . Supervisor: Tatyana Belykh , the teacher of English language

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Alexander Gustav e Eiffel ( 1832–1923 ) Alexander Gustave EIFFEL - (1832-1923), a French engineer. Born December 15, 1832. He came from Burgundy, the birthplace of many famous designers. Eifel received an excellent education at the Polytechnic and Central schools. He quickly distinguished himself as a builder. Alexander Gustave Eiffel - is the author of the famous Eiffel Tower in Paris.

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Eiffel Tower Eiffel Tower - is the most famous architectural landmark of Paris , known as the symbol of France , erected in the Campus Martius , and named after its designer Gustave Eiffel . It is the most recognizable and tallest building in Paris , its height with the new antenna is 324 meters , which is approximately equal to the house in the 81 floor. Eiffel Tower was built in 1889 and has an amazing history of origin. In 1889 in Paris, to commemorate the centenary of the French Revolution , was held World Exhibition , the exhibition thanks to the city government to come up with and instructed to erect a temporary structure serving her entrance arch . French competition of architectural and engineering projects , which were to determine the architectural appearance of the forthcoming World exhibition, launched May 1, 1886 . The competition attracted 107 applicants, most of which are to some extent already repeated tower project proposed by Eiffel. Thus Eiffel project becomes one of the four winners , and then the engineer makes final changes to it , finding a compromise between the original purely engineering scheme design and decorative option . Finally Committee still stays on the plan Eiffel. Collected within two years such a complex structure, the tower , it was only possible because of the Eifel applied special construction methods . 300 workers within two years , two months and five days of construction work performed . Record construction time contributed drawings of extremely high quality with exact dimensions. And in March 31, 1889 , less than cherez26 months after the digging of trenches, Eifel invited several more or less physically hardy officials to first rise on 1710 levels !

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Gustave Eiffel -the bust near the Eiffel Tower

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Chronology of construction of the Eiffel Tower

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General information: Tower height is 322 meters, including the TV antenna on its top. Gross weight metal construction more than 10 tons. Eiffel Tower consists of 3 platforms, is a square formed by 4 columns. 3 platform is a lighthouse with a dome, above which is an observation deck at a height of 274 meters. The tower can be reached in two ways: on the stairs, breaking the 1792 level or by elevator.

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Signing of the contract : In January 1887 the Eifel , the state and the municipality of Paris signed an agreement under which the Eiffel provided for the personal use of the tower operating lease for 25 years , and also provides financial subsidies of 1.5 million gold francs accounted for 25 % of total expenditure on construction of the tower . December 31, 1888 to raise the remaining funds , a public limited company with authorized capital of 5 million francs. Half of this amount - money deposited in three banks , the second half - the personal funds of the Eiffel. Final construction budget was 7.8 million francs. Tower has paid off for the period of the exhibition , and its subsequent operation proved very profitable business.

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lighting : First lights on the Eiffel Tower was included in the opening day in 1889. Then it consisted of 10 thousand gas lamps , and two spotlights mounted on the top of the lighthouse , whose light was painted in blue , white and red - the colors of the national flag of France. In 1900, construction of the " Iron Lady" appeared lamps . A current golden lighting was first included December 31, 1985 . In 1925, Andre Citroen posted on the tower advertising, which he called " Eiffel Tower on fire ." On the tower was installed about 125,000 light bulbs . One after the other on the tower flashed ten images: silhouette of the Eiffel Tower , star rain , flying comets , signs of the zodiac , the year of creation of the tower, the current year and , finally , the name Citroën . This promotion lasted do1934 year , and the tower was the tallest advertising space in the world

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In summer 2003, the tower "dressed" in a new light apparel. A few months climbers team of thirty people entangled tower structure 40 kilometers of wire and installed 20 thousand light bulbs made by special request by a French company. New illuminations , which cost 4.6 million euro, resembles that for the first time joined the tower at night on New 2000, when the tower is normally illuminated golden yellow lanterns in seconds dressed in fairy lights and blinking lights silver.

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Interesting facts February 4, 1912 Austrian tailor Franz Reichelt jumped from the 60-meter height of the first level of the Eiffel Tower, at the back wearing a Parachute Cloak own design. Parachute did not open, and the inventor of his death. In 1925, the fraudster Victor Lustig managed twice to "sell" the tower for scrap. In the winter of 2004/2005 at the bottom of the Eiffel Tower was flooded ice rink for advertising Paris as a candidate for the adoption of the Summer Olympics in 2012 .

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Thank you for your attention