История Англии. Война роз.

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War of the Roses Red 1455-1485 Civil war in England, for the throne between two branches of the Plantagenet dynasty - Lancasters (in the emblem of a red rose) and York (in the emblem of a white rose). Death in the war the main representatives of the two dynasties, and a significant part of the nobility has facilitated the establishment of the Tudor absolutism.

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Cause of the war became a significant part of the discontent of English society setbacks in the Hundred Years War and the policies pursued by the wife of King Henry VI, Queen Margaret and his minions (the king was weak-willed man, besides, sometimes fall into complete oblivion). Margaret of Anjou and her son Prince Edward. Statue in the Jardin du Luxembourg in Paris Henry VI-third and last king of England from the Lancaster. Only one of the kings of England, who wore during the Hundred Years War and after it the title of "King of France", who really was crowned (1431), and reigned in France

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Richard II - King of England (1377-1399), a representative of the Plantagenet dynasty, the grandson of King Edward III, son of Edward the Black Prince. Opposition led by Richard Duke of York, to claim for themselves first regency over incompetent king, and later - and the English crown. The basis for this claim is the fact that Henry VI was the great-grandson of John of Gaunt - the fourth son of King Edward III, and York - the great-grandson of Lionel - the third son of the King (in the female line, through the male line, he was the grandson of Edmund - the fifth son of Edward III), besides grandfather Henry VI, Henry IV seized the throne in 1399, violently forcing King Richard II to abdicate.

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In 1460, at the Battle of Wakefield, Richard of York was killed. Roses party headed by his son Edward, in 1461 crowned in London as Edward IV. In the same year the Yorkists were won victory at Mortimer's Cross and at Taunton. As a result, the last major Lancastrian forces were defeated, and King Henry VI and Queen Margaret fled the country (the king was soon caught and imprisoned in the Tower).

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Edward and his brother the Duke of York in the Tower. Picture of Paul Delaroche, XIX c. Hostilities resumed in 1470 when sided with the Lancastrian Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence ( the younger brother of Edward IV) returned to the throne of Henry VI. Edward IV with his other brother, the Duke of Gloucester fled to Burgundy , where he returned in 1471 . Duke of Clarence again to the side of his brother - and victorious Yorkists at Barnet and Tyuksberri . In the first of these battles was killed Earl of Warwick , died in the second Prince Edward - the only son of Henry VI, - which, together with ensuing in the same year in the Tower of death (probably murder ) of the Henry was the end of the Lancastrian dynasty.

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Edward IV - the first king of the dynasty of York - peace reigned until his death, which followed all of a sudden in 1483, when the king for a short time by his son, Edward V. Edward IV-King of England in 1461-1470 and 1471-1483, a representative of York Plantagenet line, seized the throne during the Wars of the Roses. Edward V-King of England from 9 April to 25 June 1483, son of Edward IV; not crowned

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Royal council declared him the illegitimate brother of Edward IV and Richard of Gloucester was crowned in the same year as Richard III. His short reign was dramatic and full of struggle with the opposition. In this struggle, the king initially contributed luck, but only increased the number of opponents. Richard III-c King of England in 1483, of the dynasty of York, the last of the male line of the Plantagenets on the English throne. .

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Henry VII-King of England and Ireland emperor (1485-1509), the first of the Tudor dynasty. In 1485 the Lancastrian forces led by Henry Tudor landed in Wales. In the battle of Bosworth Richard III was killed, and the crown passed to Henry Tudor became King Henry VII, - the founder of the Tudor dynasty. In 1487 Earl of Lincoln (nephew of Richard III) tried to regain the crown of York, but at the Battle of Stoke Field, was killed.

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August 22, 1485 - Battle of Bosworth ended War of the Roses. Contender for the throne of England Henry Tudor defeated King Richard III.

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Results of the war War of the Roses actually drew a line under the English Middle Ages. On the battlefields, the scaffold and died in prison dungeons not only all direct descendants of the Plantagenets, but also a significant part of the English lords and knights. Accession of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the new time in English history.