The Invention of Airplanes

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Definition Airplane (informal plane) – the powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller or rocket engine. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research.

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History of the first flight The Wright brothers invented and flew the first airplane on the 17 th of December in 1903, recognized as “ the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight ”. Orville Wright made the first flight, breaking 37 m in 12 seconds, which was recorded in the famous photograph. The all their flights were witnessed by 4 witnesses and a village boy, as a result of which their first public flights are the first well-documented. Flyer-1 of Wright brother, 8 km from Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

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History of early flights Also the first prototypes and projects of different airplanes (winged aircrafts) were created by Jean Marie Felix de La Croix Du Temple (1874, France), Aleksandr Fedorovich Mozhaisky ( 1882, Russian Empire ) , Clement Ader (1886, France), Samuel Langley ( 1891, USA ) , Otto Lilienthal (1895, German) etc. Clement Ader’s pictures Otto Lilienthal in mid-flight 1895 Samuel Langley’s experiment Mozhaisky’s aircraft model Picture of Felix du Temple’s aircraft

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History of the first jet aircraft The first practical jet aircraft was the German Heinkel He 178, which was tested in 1939. In 1943, the Messerschmitt Me 262, the first operational jet fighter aircraft, went into service in the German Luftwaffe. In October 1947, the Bell X-1 was the first aircraft to exceed the speed of sound The first jet airliner, the de Havilland Comet, was introduced in 1952. The Boeing 707, the first widely successful commercial jet, was in commercial service for more than 50 years, from 1958 to 2010. The Boeing 747 was the world's biggest passenger aircraft from 1970 until it was surpassed by the Airbus A380 in 2005. Heinkel 178 (He 178) Messerschmitt 262 (Me 262) Bell X-1 Havilland Comet

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History of the first supersonic airplanes The first airplanes that break speed of sound are Bell X-1 (already mentioned), serial F-100 Super Saber (1953, USA), Convair B-58 Hustler (1956, USA), serial passenger airliners Tu-144 (1968, USSR) and Concorde (1976, UK and France). The main disadvantages of last two as passenger airliners are very loud noises, huge fuel consumption and difficulty in maintenance. Therefore, they aren’t used now. F-100 Super Sabre B-58 Hustler Tu-144 Concorde

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Conclusion Invention of airplanes opened the door to new opportunities of transportation, leading the wars, researching of our planet. Aircraft development has gone a quite long history, and what more important it changed our lifestyle and influenced the modern history.

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Thank you for attention !