Презентация по теме "Vasco da Gama"

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Vasco da Gama - a famous Portuguese navigator of the era of Great Geographical Discoveries. He was the first to open a sea route to India around Africa. He served as Governor and Viceroy of Portuguese India . Vasco da Gama is one of the three great navigators who made it clear to everyone that the Earth is a ball. The names of these pioneers: Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Fernand Magellan.

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Vasco da Gama was born around 1460, but the exact year of his birth is unknown. Vasco spent his childhood in the small seaside village of Senege, 160 km south of Lisbon.Vasco was the third son in a large family.His family was noble and noble.The father of the future navigator-Estevan da Gama, was the chief judge of the city, and thanks to the military merits of one of his ancestors, he was knighted.And my mother, Isabelle Sodre, came from a family with English roots. According to family lore, they descended from the knight Frederick Sudley, who came to Portugal, accompanying Duke Edmund Langley on a trip.

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Columbus discovered America, and the Europeans still had no idea how to get to India by sea.In 1497, the Portuguese equipped an expedition to explore the sea route to India. The King of Portugal entrusted the leadership of the expedition to the noble nobleman Vasco da Gama.The Portuguese mariner was a cruel, avaricious, and despotic man, who did not possess, or even aspire to possess, diplomatic skills. Although it is fair to emphasize that in those days, these qualities were not considered such a terrible vice, but rather, on the contrary, gave out a successful, enterprising, promising person.

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Preparations for the expedition began in 1495.Vasco da Gama developed the theoretical part, studying maps and navigation, and under the leadership of Bartolomeu Dias, ships were built at this time, taking into account all the achievements of those times . Two large ships, the San Gabriel and the San Rafael, the Berriu caravel, and a supply transport ship were built especially for her . The crews were made up of experienced sailors, including interpreters who spoke Arabic and several African languages.The backbone of the 168-person team was made up of those who swam with Bartolomeu Dias .

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On July 8, 1497, the armada solemnly sailed from Lisbon.Soon the Portuguese ships reached the Canary Islands, but Vasco da Gama ordered to avoid them, not wanting to give the Spaniards the purpose of the expedition. A short stop was made on the Portuguese-owned Cape Verde Islands, where the flotilla was able to resupply.

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Somewhere off the coast of Sierra Leone, Gama, on the advice of Bartolomeu Dias (whose ship first sailed with the squadron, and then headed for the fortress of San Jorge da Mina on the coast of Guinea, where Dias was appointed governor), to avoid headwinds, moved to the southwest and deepened into the Atlantic Ocean, only after the equator turning back to the southeast.It was more than three months before the Portuguese saw land again.

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On November 4, the ships anchored in the bay, which was given the name of St. Helena. Here Vasco da Gama ordered a stop for repairs. However, the Portuguese soon came into conflict with the locals and there was an armed clash.The well-armed sailors did not suffer any serious losses, but Vasco da Gama himself was wounded by an arrow in the leg. Rounding the southern tip of Africa, the ships anchored in the "Harbor of Shepherds". The sailors behaved calmly, opened a "silent bargain" and received a bull and ivory bracelets from the shepherds for red caps with bells.

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On May 20, 1498, the expedition of Vasco da Gama approached the rich Indian city of Calicut, and after a short stay away from their homeland, they set out again to bring to Portugal all their cartographic sketches and palette of experience.

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Vasco da Gama brings gifts to the ruler of Calcutta.

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On the return route, the Portuguese captured several merchant ships. In turn, the ruler of Goa wanted to lure and capture the squadron to use the ships in the fight against the neighbors. I had to fight off the pirates.The three-month route to the coast of Africa was accompanied by heat and illness of the crews. And only on January 2, 1499, the sailors saw the rich city of Mogadishu.