Муниципальное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение

средняя школа №31 имени В. Я. Клименкова г. Липецка

Исследовательский проект:

«Сравнительный анализ некоторых аспектов систем здравоохранения Великобритании и России»

Выполнил:

Харченко Владимир,

учащийся11 А класса

                                                                       Руководитель проекта:

                                                   Жаглина Т. В., учитель

                                                   английского языка

2021г

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

                                                                     Страница

1. Введение.                                                                                                         2,3          
2. Основная часть                                                                                      4,5,6,7,8
3. Заключение.                                                                                                        8                                                                                                    
4. Библиографический список.                                                                             9                                                                            

Введение

Цель: сравнить некоторые аспекты  систем здравоохранения в Великобритании и России, найти  их сходства и отличия.

Задачи: 

1. Найти  информацию.
2. Изучить и обобщить её.
3. Создать презентацию.

Актуальность:

     Актуальность данной работы  заключается в том, что мы живём в мире, где социальная жизнь в других странах  отличается от нашей. В настоящее время у россиян есть возможность обучаться в Великобритании или путешествовать. Студенты, планирующие обучение в Великобритании,  и туристы должны ознакомиться с системой здравоохранения в этой стране, на случай непредвиденных обстоятельств. Поэтому мы должны знать отличительные черты системы здравоохранения в этой стране.

Гипотеза: 

    Несмотря на различия, между британской и российской системами здравоохранения есть некоторое сходные черты.

Исследование: что известно учащимся о системе здравоохранения в Соединённом королевстве. С этой целью я провела небольшое исследование. Для выяснения того, что учащиеся знают о здравоохранении в Великобритании, я провела анкетирование среди учащихся 10 классов нашей школы. Количество опрошенных составило  46 человек.

Результаты анкетирования показали, что мнения учащихся разделились. Я считаю, что мой проект даст точные ответы на эти и другие вопросы, касающиеся здравоохранения в Великобритании.

Основная часть

Health care in the United Kingdom

      England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales have their own systems of publicly funded healthcare, there is no system of compulsory health insurance in the UK, and there is a system at the expense of General tax revenues. This system offers a wide range of medical services, most of which are free for UK residents. And even guests of the country in case of an emergency can get free medical care while in England. This applies to travelers from Switzerland and the EU. Such a health service was born in 1948.

Health care in the Russian Federation

   The Russian Federation adopted a nation – wide system of obligatory medical insurance in 1993 through which the constitution confirms a citizen’s right to health care and medical assistance free of charge.

      The funds come from healthcare tax imposed on all registered employers, who contribute the equivalent of little over 3% of each employee's income towards the healthcare fund. The remaining portion of the overall healthcare budget is provided by the government.

Access to a doctor

    In case of illness, the first thing a person turns to surgery, where a "general practitioner" or a family doctor sits.

    He may not be alone, in one surgery in a densely populated area can be just two or three such doctors.. This family doctor - the so - called "janitor"  determines how you can be cured and not to strain some narrow specialist.

    To relieve General practitioners and ambulance (which is not what this concept means in our country), a kind of medical centers were created, called «Walk in centres». Usually they take only a nurse who can provide first aid, write a prescription, but she only deals with mild cases.

    All medicine in Great Britain has an advisory nature, that is, the doctor does not

insist on anything.

    That is, no one is forcing people to pass medical examination, to do x-rays in contrast to the Russian medicine. In our country, some doctors may refuse to accept patients until the fluorography or some tests are ready. If in Great Britain the doctor will act in this way, it can deprive the license. Apply for a doctor in court – it is quite a popular activity among the British, even at the slightest nonsense.

   They make an appointment to the family doctor in advance, and sometimes even on the phone can tell how to be treated, so that the person then did not come to the doctor for an appointment. After a week or two, you can talk to your doctor, but not the fact that the doctor will send the patient to a specialist. He can usually prescribe a prescription and prescribe regular paracetamol, antibiotics, and also advise bed rest.

    If the doctor gives permission to visit a narrow specialist, you need about two weeks to wait for confirmation by a letter. But if the case is really serious, no one will let the patient die.

    Because of this red tape with free visits to doctors, it is very rare in the early stages to recognize a cyst, cancer or other diseases that are easier to treat in the early stages.

    In Russia in case of illness, a patient goes to the clinic to make an appointment with a doctor, presenting a policy of compulsory health insurance. The patient can also make an appointment with a doctor by phone or online. If the patient does not know which specialist to contact, he or she is registered with a therapist or a General practitioner. If the patient needs the advice of a specialist, the therapist sends the patient to him immediately.

Examination of patients

    In Great Britain ultrasound, fluorography, other laboratory and functional studies are prescribed very rarely and only when the manifestations of the disease are already clearly visible.

    In Russia X-ray examination is necessary once a year. When referring to the doctor, the patient receives a referral for a General blood test, blood sugar and urine. If necessary, the specialist directs the patient to ultrasound and other functional studies.

Calling a doctor at home

    In Russia calling a doctor at home is a type of outpatient care, in which the patient is received outside the doctor's office. The district therapist visits the patient at home.

    In an emergency, the patient can call an ambulance.

   Calling a doctor at home in the UK is considered something incredible. If life is not in danger, an ambulance will not come and will need to go to the accident & emergency (A&E). There, depending on the severity of the situation, and not on the busy queue, nurses allow or do not allow patients to see a doctor.

Hospitalization

   In Russia planned hospitalization is possible in the presence of the direction of the attending physician. Almost all operations are free of charge.

   Emergency hospitalization occurs in life-threatening conditions of the patient.

The degree of urgency will be established by specialists of the emergency Department and on this basis the patient is hospitalized or denied emergency hospitalization.

   Planned operations in the UK health care system are waited for a very long time, about six months. But they are carried out completely free of charge.

    In the UK in emergency cases, for example, after accidents or catastrophes outside the city, an ambulance is sent to the place of the tragedy, the victims are taken to hospitals and treated for free.

  In Russia emergency medical care is provided in case of diseases, accidents, injuries, poisoning and other conditions requiring urgent medical intervention. Doctors will bring the patient to a stable condition, but further treatment will be possible only if there is a medical policy or payment for services.

   In the UK and in Russia if some operations are not delivered to the country, they may refuse the operation and recommend treatment in another country.

Prophylactic medical examination

    In Russia working, non-working citizens and students over 18 years pass prophylactic medical examination every 3 years. Children's medical examination is a planned event, which is held regularly.

    In the UK, there is a General health check-up program. According to it, every resident of the country aged 40 to 75 years every 5 years is tested for susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, the risk of heart attack and stroke, predisposition to type 2 diabetes and kidney disease. All children under the age of 18 also undergo regular free medical examination.

Payment of medicines at the pharmacy

  In the UK medicines in pharmacies are provided free of charge, but for the very processing of the prescription you need to pay. The only thing that disabled people, people under 16 and over 60 years old, unemployed, students and cancer patients are exempt from payment of this money.

   In Russia, medicines are paid by the patient. To patients with incurable diseases, medicines are issued free of charge.

Paid medicine

   Services of paid doctors and offices are carried out either at the expense of insurance companies, or are paid by patients themselves. Doctors are divided as well as in the system of free medicine – there are GP and specialized specialists.

   If you pay for the treatment yourself, you will still need to go to a General practitioner, but he will give you more time, send for examination to the right specialist at the first request or he will prescribe some drugs. However, in this case you will have to pay for the medicines yourself.

   If a person bought insurance, he still must first visit the family doctor to get a referral to a specialist. Then you need to find out in the insurance company, whether a certain doctor is included in the list of accredited specialists.

   In some cases, you can visit a specialist without an appointment with a General practitioner. If the doctor is too expensive, insurers will not pay the full bill, so payment is also agreed in advance. But they pay for the whole operation. Insurance companies often open clinics, which are offered to undergo a full examination.

  In Russia services of paid doctors and offices are paid by patients themselves.

But about 2 thousand non-state medical institutions in Russia are obliged to accept patients with the policy of obligatory medical insurance. Basically, these institutions provide advice and diagnostic assistance.

Заключение

   So our hypothesis is proven.

   There are a great number of differences between the British and Russian health systems concerning access to a doctor, calling a doctor at home, examination and hospitalization of patients and payment of medicines at the pharmacy.

    But in the UK and in Russia in emergency cases, for example, after accidents or catastrophes outside the city, an ambulance is sent to the place of the tragedy, the victims are taken to hospitals and treated for free.

   Also, in the UK and in Russia planned operations are carried out free of charge.

   What is more, In the UK and in Russia every resident of the country can undergo

prophylactic medical examination. There is only age difference and frequency.

    In Great Britain and in Russia all children under the age of 18 undergo regular free medical examination.

    It should be noted that in Great Britain, everything is not fast, and waiting for an appointment, and even more for a planned operation, can be very, very long.

Библиографический список

1. http://migrant.lameroid.ru/2016/03/medicine.html  - Вестник Мигранта. Интернет-журнал для иностранцев © migrant.lameroid.ru
2. https://russianwomen.club/Russian-health-care.shtml - статья «Healthcare in Russia»
3. https://strahovkunado.ru/zhizn/oms/pravila-okazaniya-uslug.html -статья «Права и правила оказания бесплатных медицинских услуг по полису ОМС»
4. http://englishgid.ru/jiznvanglii/obraz-jizni/zdravooxraneniye-v-anglii.html - статья «Особенности системы здравоохранения в Англии»
5. http://www.aif.ru/health/life/35022 - статья «Система здравоохранения Великобритании: преимущества и недостатки»
6. https://www.expatica.com/ru/healthcare/Healthcare-in-Moscow_104030.html - статья «Russian healthcare: The Russian healthcare system explained»
7. http://mugp2.ru/Doc/108.pdf - статья «Правила организации приема пациентов»
8. ecrb.ru/attachments/article/140/Pravila_pri_gospitalizaciy.pdf – статья «Правила госпитализации в стационар»