Индивидуальный проект "Группы крови. Гемотрансфузия"

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Blood Blood is a bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

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Formed elements of blood These blood cells consist of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of whole blood, the plasma about 54.3%, and white cells about 0.7%.

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Plasma About 55% of blood is blood plasma, a fluid that is the blood's liquid medium, which by itself is straw-yellow in color. It is essentially an aqueous solution containing 92% water, 8% blood plasma proteins, and trace amounts of other materials.

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Functions Supply of oxygen to tissues Supply of nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids Removal of waste such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid Immunological functions, including circulation of white blood cells, and detection of foreign material by antibodies

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Functions Coagulation, the response to a broken blood vessel, the conversion of blood from a liquid to a semi-solid gel to stop bleeding. Messenger functions, including the transport of hormones and the signaling of tissue damage Regulation of body pH Regulation of core body temperature Hydraulic functions

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Blood types The blood of people divided into a great number of groups, although the doctors for simplicity, to emphasize the separation of the RH factor and the four main groups(0, A, B, AB). For the analysis a person is taken 5-6 ml of venous blood. The blood collection is carried out strictly on an empty stomach in the morning.

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Rhesus factor (RH) In 1940 K. Landsteiner and A. S. Wiener discovered in human erythrocytes a completely new antigen, which they called rhesus factor (RH). The RH factor is present in the blood of 85% people and 15% of persons, this factor does not contain.

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Blood transfusion In clinical practice the most wide spread is the transfusion : red cells (erythrocyte suspension) fresh frozen plasma platelet concentrate leukocyte mass

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Blood transfusion rules to determine the composition of the recipient's blood group system AB0 and compare the result with the data of medical history; To determine the group membership of erythrocytes of the donor and to compare the result with the data on the label of the container or bottle; to conduct the compatibility test in relation to the blood groups of donor and recipient ab0 system and RH factor; to hold a biological sample.

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Complications after blood transfusion After transfusion of incompatible blood can cause the following complications: transfusion shock, impaired renal function and liver, metabolic processes, activity of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and Central nervous systems, respiration, blood.

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Thank you for attention!