Дейл Генри

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Dale, Henry Hallett (1875-1968), an English pharmacologist and physiologist, awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (jointly with O. Levi) for the discovery of the role of acetylcholine in the chemical transmission of nerve impulses.

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Born June 9, 1875 in London. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge University, received a doctorate in medicine from St. Bartholomew. In 1904-1914 he worked as a pharmacologist in the psycho-physiological laboratory of Wellcome . In 1914 he was appointed director of the Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology of the Council for Medical Research. In 1920 he headed the National Institute of Medical Research in Hampstead, in 1942-1946 he directed the laboratory of Davy-Faraday in the Royal Association, while in 1939-1959 he was professor of physiology at the University of London.

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The first scientific works of Dale are devoted to the chemical composition of ergot - a fungus parasitizing on rye and other cereals. Already from the end of the 16th century. It was known that ergot stimulates uterine contractions, but the substances that cause this effect have not been identified. In 1906, Dale and his colleagues succeeded in obtaining in crystalline form a biologically active ergot alkaloid, called ergotoxin (from ergot - ergot).

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In 1910, Dale singled out histamine from ergot, described its pharmacological properties, investigated the role of this substance in the development of a shock reaction, in particular anaphylaxis. His work on the mechanism of transmission of nerve impulses (1930) was widely known to Dale. The scientist proved the participation in this process of acetylcholine as a mediator in the transfer of excitation from the end of the vagus nerve in the stomach, from the end of the sympathetic nerves, innervating the sweat glands, etc. Dale introduced the classification of centrifugal nerves for cholinergic and adrenergic, depending on the chemical nature of the mediator.

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Dale was a member of the Royal Society of London (since 1914), his secretary (1925-1935) and president (1940-1945). During the Second World War, he was a member of the Advisory Committee on Atomic Energy. In 1932 he was elevated to knightly dignity .

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Died D. July 23, 1968 in Cambridge (England) at the age of 93 years.

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D. - holder of numerous international medals, including the Royal Medal and the Copley medal of the Royal Society of London. He was awarded many honorary degrees, incl. Princeton University. D. was a foreign member of the American Academy of Sciences and Arts and the American National Academy of Sciences.