Исследовательская работа "Школы в России и в Великобритании"

Муниципальное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение «Гимназия №4» города Смоленска

РЕФЕРАТ

«Школы в России и Англии: где лучше учиться?»

                                         Выполнили:

                                                               учащиеся 5 «А» класса

                                              Гольцман Полина,

Мяготина Дарья

Руководитель:

                                                      Мурашко Ю.А.

Смоленск

2017 г

Contents.

1. Introduction ……… …………………………………………………….3

2. The main part…………………………………………………………….4

1. General characteristics of school education ………….………. 4
2. Classes and holidays …… ………………………….………… 6

3. Research work…………………………………………………………..8
4. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………… 9

Bibliography………………………………………………………………...10

Introduction.

Education plays a very important role in our life. It is one of the most valuable possessions a man can get in his life. Education develops all sides of human personality and reveals his abilities. Besides, it helps a person to understand himself better and to choose the right way in this world.

School plays a very important social role. It brings together children with different interests and experience. School offers pupils the opportunities to develop their abilities, satisfy their curiosity, and realise themselves as individuals. At school pupils are taught to be responsible, gallant, and honest. Pupils should be aware that generosity and sympathy might be as important as moral virtue. School helps pupils to establish for themselves a set of convictions and beliefs. Here at school pupils can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability and athletic achievements. Teachers are knowledgeable in their subjects. School provides high-quality conditions that will enable pupils and teachers to make the most of their time. Knowledge acquired at school enables pupils either to continue their education or start working.

The aim of our research work is to compare two systems of education: the Russian and the British ones. 

We spend much time at school. But at school we do not only study. We have some extracurricular activities as well. They are part of school life. Our social and cultural life is well organised.

In our work we use such methods of research as analysis, classification, analogy, predicting and concluding.

The work was done in stages:

• At the preparatory stage the main information work was carried out.
• The analysis of the information was done at the next stage.
• At the third and final stage conclusions were formulated, results of works were issued.

General characteristics of school education

Education in England is compulsory and free for all children. Compulsory education begins at the age of 5 when children go to primary school. Primary education lasts for 6 years. It is divided into two periods: infant schools (pupils from 5 to 7 years old) and junior schools (pupils from 7 to 11 years old).

In infant schools children don't have real classes. They mostly play and learn through playing. It is the time when children just get acquainted with the classroom, blackboard, desks and teacher.

But when pupils are 7 the real study begins. They don't play as much as they did it in the infant school. Now they have real classes, where they sit at desks, read, write and answer the teacher's questions. 

At the age of eight, nine or ten they go to the middle school. These three stages of study form the primary school, covering the following subjects: English, Math and Science, History, Geography, Music, Art and Physical Education.

Junior school ends at the age of 11 when pupils take the Eleven Plus examination and then study at the secondary school begins. At the age of 16 schoolchildren take their exams. The main school examination, the General Certificate of secondary education (GCSE) examination is taken at the age of 16. If pupils are successful, they can make their choice: they may either go to a Further Education College or a Polytechnic or they may continue their education in the sixth form. Those who stay at school after GCSE, study for 2 more years for "A' (Advanced) Level Exams in two or three subjects which is necessary to enter one of British universities. Universities usually select students basing on their A-level results and an interview. After three years of study a university graduate gets the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science or Engineering. Many students then continue their studies for a Master's Degree and then a Doctor's Degree (PhD).

         Russian children usually start to go to school when they are six or seven years old.

First children study at the elementary school. They go to the elementary school for four years. The children get their elementary education. It means they learn to count, to read and write. At the most school’s children also study a foreign language beginning from the second form.

The fifth form means the beginning of the secondary education. The children study different subjects: Biology, Literature, Chemistry, Physics and ICT. In Russia the nine-year basic incomplete secondary education is compulsory for everyone.  

After that children have to decide what they will do from now forth. If the pupil decides to continue studying at high school, which lasts for two years, he can enter university after finishing school. 

Classes and holidays

The Russian school year is comprised of 4 terms with vacations in between: 1 week in November, 2 weeks in January, 1 week in March and nearly 3 months in summer. Studies last from September 1 until the final week of May and exams in June. English academic year runs from September to July.

English schools have six terms (semesters), separated by holidays (vacations).

The school year is 39 weeks long and it is divided into six terms:

Term 1 - September to October (followed by a one-week holiday)

Term 2 - October to December (followed by a two-week holiday)

Term 3 - January to February (followed by a one-week holiday)

Term 4 - February to March (followed by a two-week holiday)

Term 5 - April to May (followed by a one-week holiday)

Term 6 - June to July (followed by a six week summer holiday)

Holidays / Vacations

The main School holidays last for 2 weeks on Christmas, for 2 weeks in Spring and for 6 weeks in Summer (end of July and the whole of August).

In Russia school day normally starts at 8 a.m. and finishes at 1 or 2 in the afternoon. Students generally attend classes for 5 days a week, although some schools require extra study on Saturdays.

A typical lesson lasts for 40 - 45 minutes with a 5 -15-minute break in between. At primary school pupils have 4 classes a day. Their number increases to 5 or 6 classes a day at the secondary school and to 6 or 7 at the senior school.

There is a large number of electives and clubs at Russian schools. For instance, they can attend sports sections, a glee club, drawing or a music club.

         The school day at school in the UK starts around 9 a.m. and finishes at half past three, the lessons are from Monday to Friday. Usually there are 4 lessons lasting one hour each or 8 ones lasting 30 minutes each or 8 lessons with different length.  After lessons pupils have extracurricular activities. There is a great number of clubs and communities. There are even nearly 90 extra activities at some schools in England! 

Studying at boarding school pupils do their homework in cooperation with other pupils and under tutor's control.                              

In a way it is a kind of society in miniature. School society is a model of real society with its advantages and disadvantages. School lessons are not given by teachers only. The harsh reality of everyday school life teaches pupils a lot of lessons which will be useful in their later life.

Research work

We want to know the opinions of our classmates about school education in Britain and Russia.

We carried out a questionnaire among our classmates. The aim was to find out which of two systems is the most attractive for them – the Russian or the British one.

We made a questionnaire and gave it to our classmates. They told us where they would like to study and why. We asked 50 people of all ages. They were our classmates, our relatives and our friends. The answers were different. Some of them are:

“I’d like to study in Russia because I like my native language.”

“I’d like to study in Russia because I like Russia.”

“I’d like to study in England because everyone has his own locker, large area of school, a long break so we can walk.”

“I’d like to study in England because it’s better to live and to study abroad.”

It was interesting to find out that mostly pupils would like to study in Russia – there are 56 % people. Moreover, it was rather surprising that not only teenagers and young people think so, but people of other ages as well. In the course of the research we interviewed 76% of teenagers and 24% of people aged from 25 to 60.

So, we can come to the conclusion that people would like to study in both countries.

Conclusion

As a result of our research we found out that schools in England and in Russia don’t differ a lot. We think that it is interesting to study in both countries.

School years may certainly be fairly happy. However, there are a lot of problems even today connected with school life and the formation of a personality. People think differently about this time of their life experience. In our opinion optimism or pessimism in the attitude to school years is equally wrong. School is the place where almost everything happens with a person for the first time. School years are the time of great expectations and great emotions. Not all emotions are always pleasant. School is the first true experience of the real life. At school a person makes his first friends, meets his first love, confronts the first betrayal. Here at school the person reads the first book and writes the first composition. He acquires basic knowledge of physics, mathematics, literature, history, biology, etc. But here at school the person not only accumulates knowledge, school helps the pupils to get on in life and become successful.

School years are connected with hard mental activity. You know some people don't like to speak about their school years. For self-assured people, whose character was moulding at that time, the recollection of their school years can be very pleasant. All unpleasant moments of their school life they present with humour. And this is the key to their success. Those who loved his school he wouldn’t like to study in another one.

Bibliography

1. http://englishok.ucoz.ru/load/ehlektronnye_knigi/uchebnye_posobija/otvety_na_ehkzamenacionnye_bilety_9_klassa/9-1-0-59
2. http://iloveenglish.ru/topics/obrazovanie_v_rossii/o-vazhnosti-obrazovaniya
3. http://nota.triwe.net.
4. http://s-english.ru/topics/education-in-great-britain
5. https://slovo.ws/topic/britain/86.html
6. https://slovo.ws/topic/education/11.html