Презентация "Достопримечательности городов Европы"

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Monument to Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky , one of Moscow's most famous monuments. Located in Red Square, next to Saint Basil's Cathedral. The author of the monument to Minin and Pozharsky , Ivan Martos .

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Monument to Minin and Pozharsky was the first monument in Moscow , delivered not in honor of the emperor , and in honor of national heroes . Funds for the monument were collected by subscription throughout the country. Martos worked on the monument from 1804 to 1817 . This is the best creation of IP Martos , who was able to bring him to the high ideals of civic virtue and patriotism . The sculptor has depicted the moment when Kuzma Minin pointing to Moscow , is Prince Pozharsky ancient sword and encourages him to stand at the head of the Russian army . Based on the shield , the wounded Governor rises from his bed , symbolizing the awakening of national consciousness in a difficult hour for the Fatherland .

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Figure Minin dominates the composition. Forever remembered him beckoning gesture. Hand throw up up , not only encourages Pozharsky , it seems to be addressed to all people, raises it to fight. Manly face though, and reminds its features face of Zeus, but trimmed in parenthesis hair gives it the character of a Russian peasant. Heaton, steering along the edge of a pattern, reminiscent of Russian shirt. Vigorously sculpted torso and a wide step gives the whole figure of Minin strength and confidence. Pozharsky , had not yet recovered from his wounds, sitting on the bed. His figure in the ancient garb somewhat hesitant, as a rule, less able to Martos , but the main Movement expressed clearly: he responded to the call of Minin . Pozharsky in one hand holding a billboard with the image of the Savior, and the other put to the sword, stretched Minin . As in the engraving, the sword is the composition of the center and connects the two figures, symbolically placing their unity. Has undergone some changes in the face relief: he became more concise, the figures become less and their interpretation - expressive.

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Bas-relief is divided into two parts. On the right - a group of men brings abundant donations to the left - a group of women. Compared with the first embodiment, this group has become even more expressive. Kneeling woman is not easy given their jewelry, but smooth movement of the hands, as it were laying them on the Altar of the Fatherland. Women poses significant and solemn. Clothes on them ancient, but Martos enters and Russian motif, decorated with innovative features head.

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The bas-relief on the monument Minunu and Pozharsky Attention is drawn to a group of female figures, which shows the father of two sons. Beloved Disciple Martos SI Galberg , lepivshy father's head, gave her the portrait features of his teacher. The reason for this, apparently, was the fact that the son of Martos in 1812, fought in the army of Kutuzov. Centre bas-relief donations are stacked on the ground. Above the bas-relief of the inscription: "To Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky grateful Russia summer 1818".

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On the other side of the pedestal bas-relief dedicated to Pozharsky victory over the enemies. Bas is also divided into two parts - one shows the Russian war, calm and courageous, headed by Pozharsky , whose horse tramples the enemy, on the other - a group of Poles flee in horror looking at the winners.

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However, this relief Martos less success than the front, it lacks the tension and expression, which are so characteristic of creativity Martos . Importantly, the bas-relief with the offerings of Nizhny Novgorod is placed on the front side, and a bas-relief dedicated to Pozharsky , - on the back. This Martos stressed not only the importance of Minin , but also a role in the liberation of Moscow.

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The symbolism of the monument to Minin and Pozharsky Monument to Minin and Pozharsky is one of those works which, when viewed them from different points of view gradually reveal their ideological meaning. More distance clearly looming silhouette of the monument, and the first thing we pay attention - is highly Minin raised arm, his draft gesture. When we got closer, we are faced with a total height of manly figure of Minin , Pozharsky , who calls off the couch and lead police. Aspiration worried look forward and hand movement, originating sword Pozharsky as it responds to the call. If you bypass the monument on the other hand, we can see that Pozharsky his hand resting on a shield, as it rises to meet Minin . On the back side are clearly visible on the sword crossed arms Minin and Pozharsky symbolizing the strong unity of the two heroes. Thus, excellent compositional solution of the whole group makes it expressive from any point of view.

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Moscow Manege is a historic building, which today is one of the largest Museum and exhibition centers. After a major fire in 2004 that destroyed the interiors and damaged the exterior of the building, the arena was seriously rebuilt. Before the extensive restoration work carried out in it in the 1930-ies.

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For all time of its existence, the arena, the former was originally exclusively military project, which had to undergo the drill of the soldiers who served for the good of the army for a few years.

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Since 1831 there began to organize a variety of exhibitions and cultural and technical sense: in a huge room could fit a cavalry regiment, so for all exhibits space enough.

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After the fall of the tsarist regime practice of using the Arena as a demonstration pavilion was picked up by the Soviet government, and subsequently the Russian Federation. However, in the first half of the XX century in a historical building was used for some time as a garage for government vehicles.

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The architectural style of the Arena tends to be austere classicism, which in his time was a symbolic contrast to the preceding medieval buildings destroyed in the fire of the war of 1812. The project was proposed by the architect Augustin Betancourt, and the facades in the Empire style was completed by Osip Bove.

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LONDON - THE CAPITAL OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN London - political, economic and cultural capital of the UK, whose startling sights known to tourists around the world. Regardless of age, travelers always find leisure for the soul in the county of Greater London. They are waiting for the old 30 gardens and 120 historic significance of buildings, more than 200 museums, 600 cinemas and 108 music halls. 33 London area, called "Boro", including the City of London, occupying an area of over 1572 km2.

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The River Thames flows through the city of Richmond in the west to Greenwich in the east, including through the city center in the district of Westminster. Cruises on the river and a short excursion by waterbus - a convenient and a great way to know the city better.

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Those wishing to relax in nature also offers exciting opportunities for choice. Almost a third of the capital account for parks, scenic areas and beautiful streets.

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One of the main advantages of London - an extensive infrastructure. The city has five international airports and high-speed rail line Eurostar. Only three o'clock it will take to get from London by air in one of 50 countries. 310 States have a direct connection with the capital of the UK.

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Cultural diversity London is not just one of the capitals of the world, he himself holds a whole world where each tradition and ethnicity is a place within the same city. You speak more than 300 languages and daily serves more than 70 cuisines. Although the official language is English, the city and its surroundings speak several other European languages. Given the size of the multi-ethnic population of London, every day in the capital of foreign speech sounds varied.

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Transport A well-developed transport system of London - Underground, red buses and black-dabldekkery taxi-cabs - allows you to quickly and easily navigate through the city.

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History The history of the British capital has a few millennia. The city is rightly proud of the four monuments included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Site. This is the Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London, the park "Maritime Greenwich» (Maritime Greenwich) and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

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Restaurants London traveler will never go hungry. London Restaurants are varied cuisine, and in the city there are more than 6,000, of which 55 awarded a Michelin star. Many famous chefs are working, but for lovers of delicious and inexpensive food also opened many schools here.

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Shopping According to the rating Globe Shopper City Index, London - the best place for shopping among European cities. Souvenirs, clothing and accessories, food and many other things you can buy in the shops of the West End, in the shopping center "Westfield» (Westfield) and even unusual "flea" markets.

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Climate United Kingdom - a country with very changeable temperate maritime climate. It often rains and the weather is constantly changing. In winter the temperature drops to 0 ° C, and in summer rises to a maximum of + 32C. As a rule, the hottest month - July.

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Albert hall Albert hall (or, more precisely, the Royal albert hall) notice all the tourists who wandered in South Kensington. No wonder — it's a huge building nearly round shape, covered with a glass dome and is located directly opposite Hyde Park, it's hard not to notice. In 1851 it took place in London World's Fair, and it was so successful that Prince Albert proposed to establish a permanent exhibition and concert complex. He decided to build close to several museums have opened - to create something like an educational campus, for the sake of it and was bought the land on which now houses the Royal Albert Hall. But the development of the project was delayed, and the prince died before construction began. The Queen then took up the draft in person (she, by the way, and renamed the building of the Central Hall of Arts and Sciences at the Royal Albert Hall), the complex was built and opened in 1871

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Big Ben In the Palace of Westminster meetings of house of lords and house of Commons, in the many kilometers of corridors of the Palace easily lose the right direction, but the most famous part of the Palace is clock tower — known, no exaggeration, around the world and is one of the brightest architectural symbol of the city.

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British Museum British Museum — the Central historical and archaeological Museum UK and one of the largest museums in the world. It was founded in 1753 with the permission of the British Parliament. His exhibition occupies galleries 94, total length architectural symbol of the city.

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Westminster Westminster today, as many years ago, the political center of great Britain, the place in which to address the most important questions about life throughout the country. It was founded in the 7th century around the then existing monastery. The bulk of the tourists in the first place wants to see Buckingham Palace, Parliament and Trafalgar square. Initially, it was not place the center of London and was not even part of it. London at that time was a city, and there was a large Abbey (which, in fact, gave the name to the whole area). But at the beginning of the 11th century next to the abbey built the first royal Palace of Westminster (he has not been preserved) - and everything changed. The palace was one of the royal residences, and was mainly used for all sorts of official events: here met the Curia Regis (predecessor of the current Parliament), the Royal Court, the royal archives and much more.

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The Sherlock Holmes Museum in London The most famous address in London, where they lived, the stories of the author, Sherlock Holmes and his friend doctor Watson — Baker street, 221b, London. Although the creation of works that address in London was not because Baker street in those days was over a hundred-room houses.

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The tower of London The tower of London is a symbol not only of London but of the whole of the UK. His special place in British history was the reason that the tower now is one of the most popular architectural and historical attractions of the world. Tower was built in 1078, and in 1190 was imprisoned in the fortress of the first prisoner. It was a prison for high ranking people is very high and monarchs. But only seven killings happened within the walls of the Tower of London, including three queens were executed: Anne Boleyn, who was unable to provide the heir to the throne, Catherine Howard and Jane Grey. From the first years of its existence, the Tower acquires all sorts of rumors and legends, sometimes very sinister, some of which can be heard during the tour for this famous fortress.

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Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey is not only a cult construction, but also a real treasure, a wealth which the masterpieces of painting, monumental and decorative art, amazing fabrics, tapestries and rare beauty of Church utensils. Recognizable silhouette of the Abbey, with two towers and numerous openwork arches, its magnificent stained-glass windows and ornate interiors have always attracted tourists, as a result of the abbey was one of the most visited attractions in the world. Abbey Interiors are interesting not only skillful decoration, but also the tombstones of people buried in it. In total about 3,000 tombstones, and in one of the most remarkable places of the abbey - Poets Corner - contains the tombs of the great English writers. Interestingly Abbey and music lovers: here all the time not only concerts of sacred music, and secular. For tourists to visit the Cathedral is open every day (free), except on Sundays, when there are services for the faithful.

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Thanks for watching Presentation prepared by Karnovich Inga gr. 470

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Neuschwanstein Romantic castle of the Bavarian king Ludwig II near the town of Fussen and Hohenschwangau castle in southwest Bavaria, near the Austrian border. One of the most popular tourist destinations in southern Germany.

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Mespelbrunn Castle Medieval castle on the territory of the town of Mespelbrunn, between Frankfurt and Würzburg. Built in a remote location of the valley of the river Elsava in the forest Spessart. One of the most visited historical sites on the water in Germany, which is often mentioned in tourist guides.

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Zugspitze The highest point in Germany, altitude - 2962 m. Located on the border with Austria, in the village of Grainau.

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Konigssee Elongated in shape to the South to the North of the lake in the South-East Bavaria, situated in the district of Berchtesgaden surrounded by high mountains, as, for example, Watzmann. The lake is located in the community of schönau am Königssee. In flow water of the Königssee located in the South-East of lake Obersee. Lake Königssee is included in the Berchtesgaden national Park.

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Burghausen Castle The former residence of the Wittelsbach, located in the Bavarian town of Burghausen on the Austrian border. The assurances by Museum staff with a length of 1043 metres it is the longest castle complex in Europe. The structure stretches along the narrow and elongated ridge above the river Salzach at an altitude of 420 m above sea level.

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Frauenkirche The highest Cathedral in Munich, which became the symbol of the city. Frauenkirche is the Cathedral of the Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. The length of the building is 109 m, width - 40 m, the height of the arches - 37 m with a volume of 200.000 m3.

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German national Museum The largest historical and artistic Museum of German-speaking Europe from antiquity to the present day. The Museum collection numbers about 1.3 million items. Founded by Hans Philipp von Aufsess in 1852 as the German Museum. A modern Museum complex includes the buildings of a large Nuremberg Carthusian monastery.

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Neidstein Castle Etzelwang, Bavaria, Germany.

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Linderhof The only castle king Ludwig II finished in his lifetime.