Welcome to my Homeland, Агарев С., 8 а

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‘Welcome to my H omeland ’ Written by Sergey Agarev form 8 A school № 175 Teacher Irina Igorevna Razumova Nizhny Novgorod November 22, 2014

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Introduction Hi . I live in Nizhny Novgorod and want to tell you about the Kremlin of Nizhny Novgorod.

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The Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin The Dmitriyevskaya tower coming to Minin and Pozharsky Square is the main tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. It is considered to be the main gate of the Kremlin. And it is an informal symbol of Nizhny Novgorod . Within the walls of the ancient construction of it there was a garrison school, and later the Nizhny Novgorod provincial archive was placed there. In the 1830s this archive was visited by A.S. Pushkin, collecting materials for a story about Pugachyov.

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The Dmitriyevskaya tower

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The Kladovaya (Pantry) tower The tower received this name because it was used as a warehouse place. In the XVII-XVIII centuries the tower was called the Alekseevskaya tower because of the church which was nearby. The modern tower has 4 storeys, one of them nowadays is entirely underground. It was burned several times. The fires in 1807 and 1923 were especially strong. As a result of the last fire a significant amount of the important archival documents collected by the Nizhny Novgorod scientific archival commission was burned down. The tower was restored in 1954 - 56.

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The Kladovaya (Pantry) tower The wall between the Kladovaya and Nikholskaya towers has the length of 135 m. In 1953 during the restoration works a semicircular outhouse was reconstructed. It was a building of the XIX century used for ventilation of the underground storey. The oil for lighting of the city streets was kept there. The formed well lets citizens and tourists see embrasure.

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The Nikolskaya t ower By the position in the line of the walls, the Nikolskaya Tower played a role of the main defensive fortification, but yielded to the Dmitriyevskaya tower because it had no a bridgehead. Thanks to the fact that the solid level didn't change and the carried-out restorations, the appearance and proportions of the tower generally correspond to its initial shape. During the restoration works of the main facade of the Nikolskaya tower the passable gate was equipped with a drawbridge through the ditch passing closely from modern Zelensky slope. Before the repairs in 1837 all the lower part of the tower had a white stone facing.

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The Nikolskaya t ower

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The Koromyslova tower The round tower having the name of the Koromyslova tower is an angular tower in the chain of the walls of the mountain site. It is located over the place of Zelensky slope with Pochainsky Ovrag . Before there was a ditch exit to the Pochaina river . The legend of the Koromyslova tower tells: the Tatars besieged Nizhny Novgorod. In the city food stocks came to an end, and above all - there was no water. The defenders knew that it was necessary to be given and they started thinking. Among the besieged there was one brave girl. She volunteered to bring water from the Pochaina river. Early in the morning under the cover of the fog lowered from the wall she gathered pailfuls of water and began to go back. The Tatars saw her and gave the alarm. They started to fight with the girl. The girl defended by the yoke. She killed some of the Tatars but was killed herself. The girl’s bravery confused the enemies . They thought if in this fortress there were such brave women that one of them killed some of their soldiers without a weapon, what kind of people men could be ? The siege was raised. The killed girl was buried with honors under the tower. The buckets with a yoke were put with her. Since then this tower is called the Koromyslova one.

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The Taynitsk aya tower The round Taynitskaya tower is located over the slope which is steeper than Pochainsky Ovrag on the bottom of which there is the Pochayna river, concluded in the collector nowadays. The tower received the name because of the underpass ( a hiding place ) which led to the Pochayna . The remains of the hiding place were found and destroyed. In the XVII century the tower was armed with one copper arquebus . In the XVIII and XIX centuries. From 1893 to 1917 the archive was placed into it. The height of the Taynitskaya tower together with the roof and a patrol tower is 30 m.

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The Taynitsk aya tower

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The Severnaya (Northern) tower The angle round the Northern tower settles down over the mouth of Pochainsky Ovrag and comes to the facade to the ravine and the slope of the Volga coast. The tower received the name in recent time because of the geographical position. Strictly speaking, it is inexact because a number of towers of the Kremlin is located considerably to the north. All ancient documents name it the Naugolnaya tower because is angular. Nicholas I wanted to adapt the Northern and Chasovaya (Clock) towers for the imperial apartment.

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The Severnaya (Northern) tower

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The t ower of St . George Rectangular, in the past the passable tower of St. George is located on the top edge of the Volga coast, near the monument to V. P. Chkalov, at the beginning of the Chkalovskaya staircase. The tower received the name from the church of the same name which was nearby. Because of the position in the corner of the fortress , the size and the value, it considerably concedes to other passable towers of the castle and takes a special place among them.

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The Porokhovaya ( Gunp owder ) tower The round Gunpowder tower is located between St . George’s and Dmitriyevskaya towers and comes to the facade of Minin square . It received the name in the latest time because of its usage – it was used as a place of ammunition storage. The documents of the XVII century name it the Spasskaya tower according to the name of the cathedral in the Kremlin. In 1621 the tower was armed with two copper arquebuses shooting shots weighing 0,3 kg. As a result of the latest raising of the soil the lower circle of the Gunpowder tower and the part of the second are underground now that led to essential change of its proportions - the tower looks low and stocky. The front surface of the lower part of the tower has the signs of numerous latest repairs .

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The Porokhovaya ( Gunp owder ) tower

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Conclusion Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin was built from 1508 to 1511 . It has got 13 towers . The Kremlin is a historical city centre . During the attacks the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin became an impregnable fortress, which in its history was never defeated by enemies. Also the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin defended other cities of Russia from the Kazan khanate. The citadel had a huge artillery weapons and a permanent garrison. During the Great Patriotic War the Taynitskaya , North and Clock towers of the Kremlin were anti-aircraft guns destination .

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T hank you for your attention !

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References Slide 4 http://my.nn0v.ru/43-dmitrievskaya-bashnya-nizhegorodskog Slide 6 http://nn-travel.narod.ru/lions/kreml/pic102.html Slide 8 http://www.photogorky.ru/author/17236/3 Slide 9 http://en.ria.ru/lr_travel/20130529/181425045.html Slide 11 http://www.region-news.info/nnovgorod/?id=323109 Slide 13 http://coroka.moifoto.ru/103483/f2618708 Slide 1 4 http://palomnic.org/gallery/v/ippo/14_06_2010/2/7.jpg.html Slide 1 6 http://imhonn.ru/imhonews/1348 https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C http://ninograd.ru/news/guide/nizhegorodskij-kreml.html http://museums.unn.ru/kremlin/index.html