Internet and its Origin.

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Internet (Eng. Internet, IPA: [ ɪn.tə.net ]) - a worldwide system of computer networks united for storing and transmitting information. Often referred to as the World Network and Global Network, as well as a network. Is based on the protocol stack TCP / IP. Internet-based World Wide Web works (World Wide Web, WWW) and many other systems of data transmission.

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History In 1957, after the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, the US Defense Department decided that in case of war, America needs a reliable system of information transmission. Agency Defense Advanced Research Projects US (DARPA) has proposed to develop a computer network for this purpose. The development of such a network was assigned to University of California, Los Angeles, Stanford Research Center, University of Utah and the University of California at Santa Barbara. Computer network was named ARPANET (Eng. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), and in 1969, the project brought together a network of four specified research institutions. All work is funded by the Ministry of Defense. Then the ARPANET began to actively grow and develop, it began using scientists from various fields of science.

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ARPANET The first server ARPANET was installed September 2, 1969 at the University of California (Los Angeles). Computer Honeywell DP-516 had 24 KB of RAM. ARPANET (from the English. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - Computer Network, established in 1969 by the US Agency US Department of Defense Advanced Research (DARPA), and which was the prototype of the Internet. January 1, 1983 it became the world's first network that crossed the routing of data packets. As a routable protocol used by TCP / IP, which to this day is the main communication protocol on the Internet. ARPANET ceased to exist in June 1990.

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Scheme of the first server

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Modern server The first server

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Protocols The protocol, in this case - is, figuratively speaking, "language" used by computers to communicate with a network. To different computers on the network can communicate, they need to "talk" to one "language" that is, to use the same protocol. Simply put, the protocol - the right data transfer between network nodes. Internet protocol system called a "protocol stack TCP / IP».

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In 1988, a protocol was developed Internet Relay Chat (IRC), so the Internet became possible real-time communication (chat). In 1989 in Europe, in the walls of the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) was born the concept of the World Wide Web. She suggested the famous British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, who is also in the two years to develop protocols HTTP, HTML language identifiers URI.

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In 1991, the World Wide Web became publicly available on the Internet, and in 1993 came the famous web browser NCSA Mosaic. World Wide Web is gaining popularity. In 1995 he returned to the role NSFNet research network, route all Internet traffic is now engaged in network providers rather than NSF supercomputers. First browser NCSA Mosaic

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IP-address system takes into account the structure of the Internet, ie that the Internet is a network of networks, rather than the union of individual computers. It is easy to calculate that the total number of different IP-addresses of more than 4 billion: N=2^32=4294967296 IP address

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Web-page World Wide Web - is hundreds of millions of Web-servers of the Internet, containing hundreds of billions of Web-pages that use the technology of hypertext. Find Web-page on the Internet can use the Web-page address. Web-page address includes a method of access to the document and the name of the Internet server on which the document. As a method of access to Web-page uses the hypertext transfer protocol HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol). http://eict.ru

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Browsers View Web-pages by using special viewers - browsers. Currently, the most common browsers are Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Google Chrome, Opera and Safari.

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languages Freedom of Internet users access to information resources is not limited by national borders and / or the national domain, but linguistic boundaries are preserved. The predominant language of the Internet is English. Russian language occupies the 2nd place. Language is one of the commonly used features of the Internet division, along with the division of the States, regions and first level domain. Name of the language areas of the Internet is given the name of the language used. The Russian-speaking realm of the Internet was called "Russian Internet", abbreviated the Russian Internet.

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Media By genres online editions do not differ from offline - there are news sites, literature, non-fiction, children's, women's, and so on. However, if the off-line publications are issued periodically the online edition updated as the appearance of a new material. There is also an Internet radio and Internet TV.

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Connection E-mail is currently is one of the most used means of communication. Also popular IP-telephony and the use of programs such as Skype. The development of the Internet used as a means of communication leads to becoming more common forms of employment such as remote work.

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The Internet is a way of mass communication of people united by various interests. For this purpose are online forums, blogs and social networks. In addition, each user has the opportunity not only to communicate and create, but also to share the works of their creativity with an audience of millions in a particular social network. С ommunication

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Internet telephony Internet telephony is used to transmit voice data over a computer network Internet. Providers of Internet telephony using special equipment relate the computer network and a traditional telephone network.

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Mobile Internet Mobile phone network and the Internet computer network can transmit data and voice messages. Mobile telephone operators and Internet service providers provide the ability to transfer data between these networks . Exchanging data between networks enables, for example, a mobile telephone to transmit e-mail message to a mailbox on the Internet, and to send SMS-message to a cell phone.

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literature https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%ED%F2%E5%F0%ED%E5%F2

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Thank you for your attention