HARVEST FESTIVAL

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Simonenko Nastya Russia village Ekaterinoslavka MBOU school № 1 11 th form T eacher : Ishimnikova E lena N ikolaevna «Детский международный конкурс презентаций « Holiday Parade . Парад праздников » « Вектор-успеха.рф – портал для детей и подростков »

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Harvest is from the Old English word harfest , meaning "autumn". It then came to refer to the season for reaping and gathering grain and other grown products . Harvest festival is an annual celebration that occurs around the time of the harvest of a given region. It can be found at various times at different places. Harvests festivals typically feature feasting, both family and public, with foods that are drawn from crops that come to maturity around the time of the festival. Eating, merriment, contests, music and romance are common features of harvest festivals around the world.

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In Britain, thanks have been given for successful harvests since pagan times. Harvest festival is traditionally held on the Sunday near or of the Harvest Moon. This is the full Moon that occurs closest to the autumn equinox (about Sept. 23). In two years out of three, the Harvest Moon comes in September, but in some years it occurs in October .

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In British and English Caribbean churches, chapels and schools, and some Canadian churches, people bring products from their gardens, or farms. The food is often distributed among the poor and senior citizens of the local community, or used to raise funds for the church, or charity.

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There is a harvest character who comes on stage attended by men dressed as reapers; he calls himself as their "master" and ends the scene by begging the audience for a "largesse". The scene is clearly inspired by contemporary harvest celebrations, and singing and drinking feature largely. The stage instruction are: "Enter Harvest with a scythe on his neck, and all his reapers with sickles, and a great black bowl with a posset in it borne before him: they come in singing. " A typical harvest song of the time: Merry, merry, merry, cheary , cheary , cheary , Trowle the black bowle to me ; Hey derry , derry , with a poupe and a lerry , Ile trowle it againe to thee: Hooky, hooky, we haue shorne , And we haue bound, And we haue brought Haruest Home to towne .

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Many years ago harvest festival used to be celebrated at the beginning of the harvest season on 1 August and was called Lammas, meaning 'loaf Mass'. The Latin prayer to hallow the bread is given in the Durham Ritual. Farmers made loaves of bread from the fresh wheat crop. These were given to the local church as the Communion bread during a special service thanking God for the harvest.

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Early English settlers took the idea of harvest thanksgiving to North America. The most famous one is the harvest Thanksgiving held by the Pilgrims in 1621. Sometimes neighbouring churches set the Harvest Festival on different Sundays so that people can attend each other's thanksgivings. Until the 20th century most farmers celebrated the end of the harvest with a big meal called the harvest supper, to which all who had helped in the harvest were invited. It was sometimes known as a " Mell -supper", after the last patch of corn or wheat standing in the fields which was known as the " Mell " or "Neck". Cutting it signified the end of the work of harvest and the beginning of the feast. There seems to have been a feeling that it was bad luck to be the person to cut the last stand of corn. The farmer and his workers raced against the harvesters on other farms to be the first to complete the harvest, shouting to announce they had finished.

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R ites and rituals were both at the beginning and at the end of the holiday : • Church bells could be heard on each day of the harvest. • A corn dolly was made from the last sheaf of corn harvested. The corn dolly often had a place of honour at the banquet table, and was kept until the following spring. • In Cornwall, the ceremony of Crying The Neck was practiced. Today it is still re-enacted annually by The Old Cornwall Society. • The horse, bringing the last cart load, was decorated with garlands of flowers and colourful ribbons. • A magnificent Harvest feast was held at the farmer's house and games were played to celebrate the end of the harvest. • Harvest is mainly associated with fruit and vegetables, for which we give thanks. This is the whole point of the Harvest Festival.

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Finish the sentences to check up if you were reading attentively : Harvest comes from the …word… Harvest festival is celebrated in… or… Harvest character is called… English settlers took the idea of harvest thanksgiving to … Harvest loaves are given to… A person made from the last sheaf of harvested corn is… The horse, bringing the last cart load, was decorated with… Harvest is mainly associated with…

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Список литературы и интернет-ресурсов Russian - English dictionary http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvest_festival http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Harvest_Festivals http://lizisvetaberdo.ucoz.ru/_ld/1/191_4627fa71eadc.jpg http://dreamworlds.ru/uploads/posts/2010-01/1263276907_8.jpg http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/communicate/blog/teacher//images/small_village_church_copy001.jpg http :// www . downtownroanoke . org /_ files / images / harvest _ logo . jpg https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ8EZE5ubehWvY1gg-Foj22GieRp1FyW6Wd_o43J8qWCnul8OfXSg http://mgm.com.ua/sites/default/files/styles/675x675/public/zr2000.comua_.jpg http://xlebyshka.ru//uploads/posts/2012-07/1343467266_traditsionnyiy-angliyskiy-hleb-v-duhovke-11.jpg https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQCV9VsGbEsolyFVUto_vI_uCFOOZyBwcg6aEn4xQSQOauAktMf http://english.in.ua/upfiles/13090(1).jpg http://www.ladyfromrussia.com/karnaval/pr/thday/thanksgiving-by-Brownscombe.jpg http://www.art-pen.ru/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/14.jpg https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR5A3Tifj382IC2rMH75R4qK0wOuzXqWzcIJWDktQIEhPbJ9USsbA