International chess federation

Слайд 1

Слайд 2

Chess – board game with pieces on a special 64-cell board for two players, combining elements of art, science and sport.

Слайд 3

International chess federation ( FIDE , fr . Fédération Internationale des Échecs ) — international sport organization, which unifying national chess federations. It engaged chess population, organize different international competitions , including world championship. It was founded on 20 July in 1924 in Paris. It has own flag and hymn, it’s motto is “We are all – one family” (Latin Gens una sumus ). FIDE’s Headquarters is situated in Athens, Greece. In 1980 FIDE became member of UNESCO. FIDE established international chess rules, introduced international sport and judicial title, that annually appropriates to the most distinguished sportsman and judge. Six times a year they publish rating-list ELO.

Слайд 4

Menu Presidents Members of FIDE History. Pre - war period History. Difficulties 70s World Championship divided 1993-2006 Rapid expansion of membership and IOC recognition

Слайд 5

Presidents One of the six vice-presidents is chief, and others represent Asia, South and North America, Africa and Europe. On the 29 September in 2010 in the Congress of General Assembly FIDE Kirsan Ilyumzhinlov became the president of FIDE. checkmate

Слайд 6

Members of FIDE Every national chess federation can be member of FIDE, if it represents chess players from their country and their activity isn’t inconsistent with the Charter of FIDE. FIDE is guided with very democratic principles in it’s work. USSR became member of FIDE in 1947. When Russian chess players became members of FIDE, it increased the authority of FIDE in chess world. Since the mid – 1960s the amount of members of FIDE increased, because Asia, Africa and Latin America entered in. Today there are 173 countries, that FIDE includes. List changes, because some national countries break or cant’ pay fee. checkmate

Слайд 7

History. Pre - war period In 1922 year Russian chess master Eugene Zonsko The Bohr, participating in international competition in London, said, that the tour would be held in time of VIII Olympic Games in Paris in 1924 and that it would be organized by the French Chess. FIDE was founded on 20 July in 1924 in Paris. There are fourteen countries, that organized FIDE : Argentina, Belgium, Great Britain, Hungary, Spain, Italy, Canada, Netherland, Poland, Roman, French, Slovakia, Switzerland, Yugoslavia. At first FIDE had a little power and was poorly funded. In 1927 FIDE organized The First Chess Olympiad, during The fourth Congress in London. The official name of the tour was “The Tour of nation”, but “The chess Olympiad” became the most popular name. This competition included 16 teams and it was won by Hungary . checkmate

Слайд 8

History. Pre - war period Mikhail Botvinnik 1933 Harry Kasparov 1985 checkmate

Слайд 9

History. Difficulties 70s The defection of grandmaster Gennadi Sosonko in 1972. The Soviets demanded that Sosonko should be treated as an " unperson ", excluded from competitive chess, television or any other event that might publicize his defection. FIDE refused, and no Soviet players took part in the 1974 Wijk aan Zee tournament in The Netherlands because Sosonko was playing in it. In 1976 world championship contender Vikto Korchnoi sought political asylum in The Netherlands. In a discussion a few days earlier Euwe told Korchnoi , "...of course you will retain all your rights ..." and later opposed Soviet efforts to prevent Korchnoi from challenging for Anatoly Karpov's title in 1978. FIDE decided to hold the 1976 Chess Olympiad in Israel, which the Soviet Union did not recognize as a country. The Central Committee of Communist Party of the Soviet Union then started plotting to depose Euwe as president of FIDE. checkmate

Слайд 10

World Championship divided 1993–2006

Слайд 11

World Championship divided 1993–2006 In 1992 Nigel Short surprised the world by winning the Candidates Tournament and thus becoming the official challenger for Garry Kasparov's world title. FIDE very quickly accepted a bid fromManchester (England) to host the title match in 1993. But at that time Short was travelling to Greece and could not be consulted as FIDE's rules required. On learning of the situation Short contacted Kasparov, who had distrusted FIDE and its president, Florencio Campomanes ever since Campomanes had stopped his title match against Anatoly Karpov in 1984. Kasparov and Short concluded that FIDE had failed to get them the best financial deal available and announced that they would "play under the auspices of a new body, the "Professional Chess Association" (PCA). FIDE stripped Kasparov of his FIDE title and dropped Kasparov and Short from the official rating list. It also announced a title match between Karpov and Jan Timman , whom Short had defeated in the semi-final and final stages of the Candidates Tournament. Kasparov and Karpov won their matches and there were now two players claiming to be world champion. checkmate

Слайд 12

World Championship divided 1993–2006 In 1994 Kasparov concluded that breaking away from FIDE had been a mistake, because both commercial sponsors and the majority of grandmasters disliked the split in the world championship. Kasparov started trying to improve relations with FIDE and supported Campomanes ' bid for re-election as president of FIDE. But many FIDE delegates regarded Campomanes as corrupt and in 1995 he agreed to resign provided his successor was Kirsan Ilyumzhinov , president of the Republic of Kalmykia . checkmate

Слайд 13

World Championship divided 1993–2006 In the next few years several attempts to re-unify the world championship failed for various reasons - notably inability to finance a match or Kasparov's opposition to any plan that required him to play in a qualifying series rather than go straight into a re-unification match. In 2000 Vladimir Kramnik defeated Kasparov in a match for what was now the Braingames World Chess Championship (the PCA had collapsed by this time). But Kramnik was also unwilling to play in a qualifying series, and objected strongly to FIDE's attempt to have the world championship decided by annual knock-out tournaments and to reduce the time limits for games, changes which FIDE hoped would make the game more interesting to outsiders. Finally in 2006 a re-unification match was played between Kramnik and Veselin Topalov , which Kramnik won after an unpleasant controversy which led to one game being awarded to Topalov . checkmate

Слайд 14

World Championship divided 1993–2006 But the split in the world-title had after-effects, as shown by FIDE's complicated regulations for the 2007–2009 world championship cycle. Because Topalov was unable to compete in the 2007 World Chess Championship Tournament, FIDE decided he should have a "fast track" entry into the 2007–2009 cycle. And FIDE also decided that, if Kramnik did not win the 2007 championship tournament, he should play a championship match in 2008 against the winner—and this provision became applicable because Vishwanathan Anand won the tournament and thus became world champion . checkmate

Слайд 15

Rapid expansion of membership and IOC recognition In 1999, FIDE was recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Two years later, it introduced the IOC's anti-drugs rules to chess, as part of its campaign for chess to become part of the Olympic Games. During his period as president of FIDE (1970–1978) Max Euwe strove to increase the number of member countries, and Florencio Campomanes (president 1982–1995) continued this policy, with each member nation receiving one vote. Former world champion Anatoly Karpov later said this was a mixed blessing, as the inclusion of so many small, poor countries led to a "leadership vacuum at the head of the world of chess......" Yuri Averbakh said the presence of so many weak countries made it easy to manipulate decisions. checkmate