Призраки Англии - вера или коммерческий проект

Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение

«Средняя общеобразовательная школа №10» г. Печора

УЧЕБНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ

«Ghosts of England - a real belief

or a commercial project»

Автор Джежора Анастасия,

Ученица 10 «б» класса МОУ «СОШ № 10»

Руководитель

Сябро Марина Адольфовна

г. Печора

Plan

1. Introduction

1. Definition
2. Great Britain – Island of spirits

2. Terminology
3. Ghost or Mist?
4. Locale
5. A popular British belief
6. The Kinds of Ghosts

1. Phantom armies
2. Ghost animals
3. Ghost trains

1. The London Underground

         6.4. Phantom ships

6.5. Family ghosts (people)

    7. The Ghost Club

   7.1. A Very Brief History of the Ghost Club

    8. Ghosts in folklore, the literature, art and a mass culture

    9. Commercial benefit

       9.1. Festivals

       9.2. Houses and hotels

  9.3. Photos with ghosts

       9.4. Tourist business

Great Britain - Island of spirits

According to the Russian dictionary, the ghost is a phantom died or imagined beings in fairy tales or mystical representations. Not so sensible, it is necessary to note, definition, after all is not clear that then the phantom means. We thumb through the dictionary on pair pages forward to learn that it is an image represented in imagination. We unite interpretation, but, unfortunately, it becomes clearer not, and it is no wonder: knowledge of mankind about paranormal rather also is rather limited.

A ghost has been defined as the disembodied spirit or soul of a deceased person, although in popular usage the term refers only to the apparition of such a person. Often described as immaterial and partly transparent, ghosts are reported to haunt particular locations or people that they were associated with in life or at time of death. The considerable quantity of superstitions is connected with ghosts.

And there, where there are no accurate concepts and scientific explanations, there is an imagination place, and in the work I will try to find out how much it is rich at British.

As it has already been told, the large quantity of superstitions and very few people wishes to meet face to face phantoms is connected with ghosts. And as to Englishmen, then absolutely other situation. They not to be afraid of them, and even on the contrary use the position, benefiting. For example, from photos, houses which are on territory of the country and so on. Thereby increasing cost of houses, and also raising ratings of the magazines and newspapers.

The choice of Foggy Albion is not casual: after all Great Britain name island of spirits.

Inhabitants of the United Kingdom willingly believe in existence of ghosts that quite correctly: in territory of the state the large quantity of the ancient castles, which silent walls remember past events – sieges lasting many days, bloody battles, court intrigues and artful changes. Certainly, power in such places excellent though and not always positive that at all does not prevent to open to enterprising Englishmen in locks with ghosts five-star hotels.

Terminology

Further information: spirit, soul, anima, and genius

The English word ghost continues Old English gást, hypothetical Common Germanic *gaisto-z. It is common to West Germanic, but lacking in North and East Germanic (the equivalent word in Gothic is ahma, Old Norse has andi m., önd f.). The pre-Germanic form would have been *ghoizdo-z, apparently from a root denoting "fury, anger", cognate to Sanskrit hedas "anger", reflected in Old Norse geisa "to rage". The Germanic word is recorded as masculine only, but likely continues a neuter s-stem. The original meaning of the Germanic word would thus have been an animating principle of the mind, in particular capable of excitation and fury (compare óðr). In Germanic paganism, "Germanic Mercury", and the later Odin, was at the same time the conductor of the dead and the "lord of fury" leading the Wild Hunt.

Besides denoting the human spirit or soul, both of the living and the deceased, the Old English word is used as a synonym of Latin spiritus also in the meaning of "breath, blast" from the earliest (9th century) attestations. It could also denote any good or evil spirit, i.e. angels and demons; the Anglo-Saxon gospel refers to the demonic possession of Matthew 12:43 as se unclæna gast. Also from the Old English period, the word could denote the spirit of God, viz. the "Holy Ghost". The now prevailing sense of "the soul of a deceased person, spoken of as appearing in a visible form" only emerges in Middle English (14th century).

The synonym spook is a Dutch loanword, akin to Low German spôk (of uncertain etymology); it entered the English language via the United States in the 19th century.Alternate words in modern usage include spectre (from Latin spectrum), the Scottish wraith (of obscure origin), phantom (via French ultimately from Greek phantasma, compare fantasy) and apparition. The term shade in classical mythology translates Greek σκιά, or Latin umbra, in reference to the notion of spirits in the Greek underworld. "Haint" is a synonym for ghost used in regional English of the southern United States, and the "haint tale" is a common feature of southern oral and literary tradition. The term poltergeist is a German word, literally a "noisy ghost", for a spirit said to manifest itself by invisibly moving and influencing objects.

The word "ghost" may also refer to any spirit or demon.

A revenant is a deceased person returning from the dead to haunt the living, either as a disembodied ghost or alternatively as an animated ("undead") corpse. Also related is the concept of a fetch, the visible ghost or spirit of a person yet alive.

Ghost or Mist?

Another widespread belief concerning ghosts is that they were composed of a misty, airy, or subtle material. Anthropologists speculate that this may also stem from early beliefs that ghosts were the person within the person, most noticeable in ancient cultures as a person's breath, which upon exhaling in colder climates appears visibly as a white mist. This belief may have also fostered the metaphorical meaning of "breath" in certain languages, such as the Latin spiritus and the Greek pneuma, which by analogy became extended to mean the soul. In the Bible, God is depicted as animating Adam with a breath.

In many traditional accounts, ghosts were often thought to be deceased people looking for vengeance, or imprisoned on earth for bad things they did during life. The appearance of a ghost has often been regarded as an omen or portent of death. Seeing one's own ghostly double or "fetch" is a related omen of death.

White ladies were reported to appear in many rural areas, and supposed to have died tragically or suffered trauma in life. White Lady legends are found around the world. Common to many of them is the theme of losing or being betrayed by a husband or fiancé. They are often associated with an individual family line, as a harbinger of death. When one of these ghosts is seen it indicates that someone in the family is going to die, similar to a banshee.

Legends of ghost ships have existed since the 18th century; most notable of these is the Flying Dutchman. This theme has been used in literature in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Coleridge.

Locale

If phantoms represent souls died they, certainly, should be in the places anyhow connected with death. Many believe that the most widespread habitat of phantoms is the cemetery, however it not so. They usually appear there where have died; therefore more often phantoms meet in places of destruction of a considerable quantity of people. And it is unimportant, when it has occurred.

         And here on a cemetery, contrary to a popular belief, all the unique phantom - so-called "the watchman". It is soul of the first person buried on this place. The phantom not simply idly is unsteady on a cemetery, it is on service. Its primary goal consists in frightening off malicious phantoms and uninvited visitors.

         Habitat of phantoms can be and an ordinary tree. Long since the elm is considered an ideal place for hanging of criminals so, here too can is found phantoms of the people deprived of a life.

         Many tell about phantoms which appear to an accident fulfillment. Thus they often warn people about coming nearer tragedy. As a rule, it does not save human lives as many regard occurrence of phantoms as the image cast by too played imagination.

         In general, places where there were accidents too are a monastery of phantoms.

         Very often phantoms appear on places where there were once battles. As an example it is possible to result the Marathon in Greece and Waterloo in Belgium. Many people assert that the considerable quantity of phantoms there lives.

         Phantoms quite could lodge and on various vehicles, including by the ships. There are many stories about the ships-phantoms silently sliding on a water smooth surface. It is considered that the ship, on which spirits have lodged, is doomed to death.

    A place where ghosts are reported is described as haunted, and often seen as being inhabited by spirits of deceased who may have been former residents or were familiar with the property. Supernatural activity inside homes is said to be mainly associated with violent or tragic events in the building's past such as murder, accidental death, or suicide — sometimes in the recent or ancient past. Amongst many cultures and religions it is believed that the essence of a being such as the 'soul' continues to exist. Some philosophical and religious views argue that the 'spirits' of those who have died have not 'passed over' and are trapped inside the property where their memories and energy are strong.

Many phantoms live in houses where they once lived. It is considered that in the past in such houses there was something such that has adhered souls of people to a place. Murder or other grave crime can be such events. Also phantoms can be found in the house in the event that earlier there lived very unfortunate people.

Phantoms not necessarily should is found in any limited territory of the small size. There are whole settlements and even islands where ghosts live.

A popular British belief

Renaissance magic took a revived interest in the occult, including necromancy. The Child ballad Sweet William's Ghost (1868) recounts the story of a ghost returning to beg a woman to free him from his promise to marry her, as he obviously cannot being dead; her refusal would mean his damnation. This reflects a popular British belief that the dead would haunt their lovers if they took up with a new love without some formal release. The Unquiet Grave expresses a belief even more widespread, found in various locations over Europe: ghosts can stem from the excessive grief of the living, whose mourning interferes with the dead's peaceful rest. In many folktales from around the world, the hero arranges for the burial of a dead man. Soon after, he gains a companion who aids him and, in the end, the hero's companion reveals that he is in fact the dead man. Instances of this include the Italian fairy tale Fair Brow and the Swedish The Bird 'Grip'.

The Kinds of Ghosts

Phantom armies, ghost animals, ghost trains and phantom ships have also been reported.

1. Phantom armies

The history of British isles abounds with wars and not only present, but also illusive. And one to one repeating fights which occurred many years ago. The lost soldiers come back from time to time to the earth in the form of phantoms and continue to finish battles. Also there are eyewitnesses of these illusive battles, basically, those who too were at war. Parapsychologists consider that the similar results from strong emotional stresses. Often people it is represented whom that they see fight of the come back souls of the lost companions, simply visually recollect events which occurred in reality any time back and were deeply postponed in their subconsciousness. Whether such people take a step back in time or, on the contrary, in the future - a question disputable. In each specific case - the explanation. But such phenomenal things really occur.

The most interesting, probably, is battle of phantoms at Edzh Hill. Arrived so many messages from the people seeing and hearing fight of come back illusive soldiers that king Charles has sent several representatives to the place of events that those have dispelled superstitious hearings. Royal officers own eyes have seen fight and even have learnt some of the lost companions. The British bloody history other cases of occurrence of the illusive armies continuing fight interrupted once with death are known also. Here it is possible to carry illusive fights in Sedzhemure.

In the eighteenth-nineteenth centuries of a lack of messages on the illusive armies conducting fights, was not. This approach of the big army of soldiers fixed by numerous witnesses and officers in Stretchklajdsky area of Scotland; in Kambrijsky area of the Wales some times saw a cavalry army with medical carriages; told and about a flotilla of the ships of the Vikings attacking group of illusive monks at coast of island of the Ion.

And though the belief in existence of phantoms was stronger the last centuries, it is not necessary to think that it is connected only with superstitions of ancestors. Phantasmagoric events periodically occur and in a modern life as numerous descriptions of contemporaries testify to that.

2. Ghost animals

EVEN PEOPLE WHO believe in an afterlife and the possibility of ghosts are often skeptical when it comes to the idea of spirit animals. They don't have souls or spirits, goes the argument, and therefore cannot have a life in the next world. But cats, dogs, birds and other animals are made up of the same energy that humans are, and it may be as possible that this energy can survive death, just as it can for people. Anyone who is close to their pets will testify to the psychic connection they share. Psychic energy and spiritual energy may all be a part of the same phenomenon, and so animals might have as much of a connection to the unseen world as we do. Maybe more. Animals not only may appear as ghostly forms, they may also be more sensitive to the proximity of spirits. The ghosts of animals may be as common as the ghosts of humans. There are many reports from people who have sensed, felt, smelled, heard and even seen the spirits of recently departed pets. Ghosts sometimes appear to the living to let their loved ones know they are alright in the next world. In many instances, the owners of deceased animals feel that their beloved pets are just returning briefly to say goodbye.

3. Ghost trains

A ghost train refers to a ghost in the form of a train, usually just the locomotive, though there have been some ghost train stories that involve a whole train.

Most ghost train sightings have been recorded in the United States and Great Britain, where railway lines were the most extensive in the early half of the 20th Century. Some recorded sightings are of engines that were wrecked in earlier train crashes or derailments, while others are possibly replays of past events. There have also been recorded events of ghost trains appearing in places where no tracks ever existed.

Sightings

The Grey Train - A steam engine on the former Highland Railway outside Dunfermline, near Edinburgh. The engine was first seen in 1921, hauling four dimly-lit carriages. It was later seen in 1929, and this report states that the train was floating. No further sightings have been reported. The track was torn up in the c.1930s.

Nimbus - A British Rail Class 55 "Deltic" diesel locomotive. It was sighted on the main line outside of Crewe, nine months after it was scrapped.

Seneca train - A recurring haunting in the woods of Seneca County, Ohio made notable by Chris Woodyard in the Haunted Ohio book series.

The St. Louis Ghost Train - (see St. Louis Light) A supposedly phantom vehicle that haunts a village in Saskatchewan.

President Lincoln's funeral train was said to be haunted by his spirit.

The Phantom Train of Marshall Pass- Taking place in the late 1880s on the Denver and Rio Grand line during the winter, the story tells of an old engineer who was chased through Marshall Pass by a Phantom Train. Details say that it was a giant locomotive carrying a long freight train. On top of one of the cars, the engineer said that he saw a tall, dark figure waving wildly, and hanging out the engineers cab was a laughing figure whose face resembled that of a corpse, although some accounts claim that the figure had a "dough like" face. Suddenly, to the engineers horror, he saw a red light swinging back and forth across the tracks ahead. Stuck in a horrible situation, the engineer decided to stop the train. As he leaned out his window he watched as the phantom train came closer and closer to his. However, just before it reached his train, the engineer watched as the train floated into the air and tumbled down the side of the mountain. He heard no sounds of the wreck. Later that night, when he arrived at the station, the engineer found these words written in frost on his cab window: "A freight train was wrecked as you saw. Now that you saw it, you will never make another run. The engine was not under control and four section men were killed. If you ever run on this road again you will be wrecked." The engineer quit running on the line and got a job with the Union Pacific. Track crews the next day found no evidence of a wrecked train. The Phantom Train of Marshall Pass was never seen again. (See Tony Revy's "Ghost Train" for more details about this story)

"Silverpilen" subway train is supposed to haunt the metro system of Stockholm, the Swedish capital.

The locomotive NBR 224 and its spectral lights are reputed to annually repeat the fatal accident that befell it when the Tay Bridge collapsed in December 1879.

A ghost train is reputed to travel through Hallington in Lincolnshire on the old Louth to Bardney railway and was last seen and heard in 1969, nearly a decade after the line had closed.

In the Lebanese capital of Beirut, the old trolley is occasionally said to be "heard" (Not seen) near Martyrs Square even though the tracks and tram itself were lost during the civil war during the 1960s. Also what is strange is that no train or trolley currently runs through any part of the Lebanese Republic deeming the sounds inexplicable.

The London Underground

It was informed on that the London underground is visited often by phantoms. There are many different certificates and stories on similar visiting. One of the most known stories tells about Ann Nejlor's killed in 1758 phantom which ostensibly visits station Farrington at night. People assert that heard its shouts, responding an echo on all station.

The London Underground is used by thousands of people every day as a crowded, claustrophobic way of getting around London. When taking the Tube you are effectively lost in an underworld that often seems bland, dark and soulless. However, many passengers and staff have discovered over the years that it is anything but

The London Underground is more than 140 years old, 253 miles long and carves its way beneath London's most historic sites, disturbing what was laid to rest centuries ago. It is no surprise that many strange tales and ghostly sightings are associated with the Underground.

Plague pits dug during the outbreak of Bubonic plague in the 17th century have proved a hindrance in building the Underground. Firstly because they were dug so deep to prevent the spread of infection and secondly because no-one knows how many there are or where they are located. The Victoria Line, built in the late 1960s ran into trouble when the tunnel boring machine went straight into a long-forgotten plague pit at Green Park.

One case in point is the London Depot on the Bakerloo Line. At the south end lie two tunnels; one exits to the line at Elephant & Castle, the other to a dead end to stop runaway trains. Behind the wall lies one of London's many plague pits dug in the bubonic plague crisis. No ghostly activity has been reported but few staff are willing to go down there, particularly at night.

The next time you're traveling on the London Underground bear in mind that, while you're looking at the destination board for the next train, you can't see who, or what is behind you. Mind the Ghosts...

4. Phantom ships

The universal mythological topics are the phantom ships and ships of the Dead. With the help of the ship of Dead the souls of dead people get to netherworld. This ship comes either in the cloud or in a fog. According to one of the legends when a pirate dies the ship of the Dead appears in the clouds.

The legends and stories about phantom ships are spread all over the world. In the majority of cases these legends are connected with some catastrophes and shipwrecks. Very often phantom ships show the scenes of their catastrophes that may happen more and more. Usually phantom ships appear at night during storms. There are a lot of stories about phantom ships that appear near the cost of the British Isles. The stories about these ships appear even nowadays.

The Flying Dutchman is the most famous phantom ship. There are a lot of versions of the legend about this ship. According to Dutch version, the captain Van der Decken (according to another version Ramhout van Dam) was a very stubborn person that swore to cross the Cape of Good Hope. The ship got into the storm and sank, but the crew and the captain were crossed to travel for ages near the place where they got into the storm. This phantom ship may be seen during the storm and it always predicts troubles.

According to German version this ship was sailed in the North Sea. And a devil visited a captain of the ship from time to time. They were shooting dice. The captain lost the game and his soul. And his soul turned into a spirit.

According to British version the Flying Dutchman was sailing near the Cape of Good Hope when a storm started. The crew was begging the captain to wait until the storm stopped in one of the bays, but he refused and laugh at the crew for being so cowards. The storm was getting worse and the captain cursed the God for such trouble. And at this moment a spirit appeared on board of the ship, but a stubborn captain told him to go away and even threatened to shoot it. Seeing that the spirit had no reaction he fired a gun but the gun explored in his arm. The spirit cursed him. And from that time the ship is sailing in the water of the ocean forever and the captain if has to torture his crew for eternity.

According to another version, the captain of the ship fell in love with a woman that was going on board of his ship with her bride. But the captain killed her bride and asked the woman to marry him. The woman was grieving so much that decided to suicide and jumped into the ocean from the ship. The captain was angry but went forward to the Cape of Good Hope and the ship got into the storm. The crew was begging to stay in the bay until the storm stopped. But he didn't listen and killed those who wanted to stay in a bay. And for such cruelty the captain was punished by constant sailing in the ocean. But every 7th year the captain receives the possibility to go ashore and to find a woman that will agree to marry him than a curse will disappear and the captain as well as the whole crew will become free.

Other version tells us that a goddess came to the captain but he was very rude and impolite with her and she cursed him.

A lot of other stories and legends tell us about phantom ships that appear and tell the stories of their catastrophes. These ships are the mysteries for humanity.

5. Family Ghosts

A phantom generated by patrimonial or family auto-suggestion: the mental formation built by many generations, separates from the basic file and, finding a life, settles in a private residence or the lock. Last constantly demands to itself (himself) attention, eating it: otherwise, withers and disappears.

The Ghost Club

The Ghost Club is the oldest organization in the world associated with psychical research. It was founded in 1862 but has its roots in Cambridge University where, in 1855, fellows at Trinity College began to discuss ghosts and psychic phenomena.

Past members include Charles Dickens, Siegfried Sassoon, Harry Price, Donald Campbell, Peter Cushing, Peter Underwood, Maurice Grosse, Sir Shane Leslie and Eric Maple.

The representative of club speaks:

“Today the Ghost Club is a non-profit, social club run by an elected Council of volunteers and its purpose remains true to its roots; the Ghost Club offers open-minded, curious individuals the opportunity to debate, explore and investigate unexplained phenomena with like-minded people and record the results for posterity»

Overnight investigations are held at sites throughout the year with the aim of observing and recording phenomena. Naturally, we expect our members to abide by any rules on the night, showing due respect to the site and fellow members.  It should be stressed, that we do not perform clearances or exorcisms, and any use of ouija boards must be cleared with the investigations organiser BEFORE the investigation, as the majority of sites will not allow their use. Our aim is to conduct serious research; our investigations are not for entertainment purposes of for thrill seekers.

Details of investigations are sent via e-mail and are open to all members. If an investigation becomes over-subscribed, names are drawn on a lottery basis to give everyone a fair chance.  Prospective members should be aware however, that the Ghost Club cannot guarantee an investigation in your immediate area, but we do try to furnish members with basic travel details, i.e. train stations, bus routes or local maps or directions. If a member has a particular site local to them, that has experienced recent phenomena, and may be agreeable to an investigation, I am always interested in hearing about it and will endeavour to follow it up with a view to conducting an investigation.  Naturally, some sites do charge a fee that is payable by all participants, but The Ghost Club itself is a non-profit making organisation and does not charge its members to participate in investigations.  (Any fees payable will be detailed in the original e-mail).

The Ghost Club does not have premises or any paid staff. The Council is made up of voluntary members around the country who put in a lot of hard work and time, free of charge to arrange these and other events for the whole membership.

Regular meetings are held at The Victory Services Club in central London and are free to all members, (guests welcome). Out-of-town GC Members can stay overnight at the VSC at preferential rates. Speakers cover an array of subjects and viewpoints on paranormal phenomena associated with ghosts and haunting. Members generally retire to the bar after the meeting and this is an excellent chance for members to get to know each other and exchange views and stories.  Meetings are held about once a month on a Saturday at 2pm.  

In addition to investigations and meetings we generally have a couple of social events throughout the year, including a Christmas Party, which is always very popular.

Members are also sent quarterly newsletters covering many topics. Book reviews, investigation reports, and letters to the Editor, paranormal news, technology updates to name just a few.  Our Newsletter Editor is always very happy to hear from members who have an article they would like to be included in these.

The Ghost Club is an informal, democratically run club of genuinely open-minded members and it should be stressed that unlike many similar organizations, interested sceptics are always welcome.  The Club, although based in the UK, has many members from all over the world.

If you are interested in becoming a member, please download a Membership Questionnaire from our website, (one each if applying for joint membership), and send to the PO Box above with your subscription payment. (Please be aware that the PO Box is emptied every 7-10 days, and then the applications are processed, all successful and non-successful applicants will be notified, but please allow plenty of time). Cheques should be made payable to “The Ghost Club”.

All members must sign and agree to the “Terms and Conditions” of membership before their applications can be processed. (Printed on the last page of the Membership application form). “

A Very Brief History of the Ghost Club

by Alan Murdie

Updated with information from "The Encyclopaedia of Ghosts and Spirits" by Rosemary Ellen Guiley

Its prime interest focuses on paranormal phenomena such as ghosts and hauntings. The club has been mentioned in numerous books, the most notable being "This Haunted Isle" (1984), "No Common Task" (1983), "Nights in Haunted Houses" (1994) and "The Ghosthunters Almanac" (1993) by Peter Underwood, "Some Unseen Power" (1985) by Philip Paul, and "The Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits" (1992) by Rosemary Ellen Guiley.

The club has its roots in Cambridge when in 1855 fellows at Trinity College began to discuss ghosts and psychic phenomena. Formally launched in London in 1862 (attracting some light hearted ridicule in "The Times"), it counted amongst its early members Charles Dickens and Cambridge academics and clergymen.

This group undertook practical investigations of spiritualist phenomena, which was then much in vogue and would meet and discuss ghostly subjects. The Ghost Club seems to have dissolved in the 1870s following the death of Dickens but it was relaunched in 1882 simultaneously with the Society for Psychical Research (SPR) with whom there was an initial overlap of members.

The Ghost Club was revived on All Saints Day 1882 by A.A.Watts and a famous contemporary medium, the Reverend Stainton Moses. Whilst the SPR was a body devoted to scientific study the Club remained a selective and secretive organisation of convinced believers for whom psychic phenomena were an established fact. Stainton Moses resigned from the vice presidency of the SPR in 1886 and thereafter devoted himself to the Club which met monthly, with attendance being considered obligatory except for the most pressing reasons. Membership was small - 82 members over 54 years - but during this period the Club attracted some of the most original - and controversial minds in psychical research, serving almost as a place of refuge for those who were unable to pursue activities elsewhere. These included Sir William Crookes who attracted scandal after investigation into Florence Cook, a medium.

At this stage of its existence the Ghost Club might possibly be viewed as a Victorian occult or spiritualist society celebrating November 2nd, the feast of All Souls. The archives of the Club reveal that the names of members - both living and dead were solemnly recited each November 2nd. Each individual, living or dead, was recognised as still being a member of the Club. On more than one occasion deceased members were believed to have made their presence felt!

On the eartly plane, meetings discussed topics as diverse as Egyptian magic and second sight. The Principal of Jesus College, Cambridge, Arthur Grey was later to fictionalise the Ghost Club in 1919 as "The Everlasting Club" of Jesus College - a famous Cambridge ghost story that many still believe to be true.

Into this circle the poet W.B.Yeats (joined 1911) and later Frederick Bligh Bond (joined 1925) who became infamous with his obsessive investigations into spiritualism at Glastonbury. Bligh Bond later left the country and later became active in the American Society for Psychical Research and was ordained into the Old Catholic Church, rejoining the Ghost Club on his return to Britain in 1935.

However. at the Ghost Club attendance dwindled and the change in the 20th century from seance room investigation to laboratory based research meant that the Ghost Club was becoming out of touch with contemporary psychic research or parapsychology as it became known in the 1930s. Harry Price, world famous in the 1930s as a psychic researcher and for his investigation into Borley Rectory joined as a member in 1927 as did psychologist Dr.Nandor Fodor who represented the changing approach to psychical research taking place. With attendance falling, Price, Bligh Bond and a handful of surviving members agreed to wind up the Club in 1936 after 485 meetings, and this took place on November 2nd 1936. The Ghost Club records narrowly escaped being destroyed because of their confidential nature but were deposited in the British Museum under the proviso that they would be closed until 1962.

However these events proved only a temporary suspension for within 18 months Price had relaunched the Ghost Club as a society dining event where psychic researchers and mediums delivered after dinner talks. Among members in this period were Dr.C.E.M.Joad, Sir Julian Huxley and Kathleen Goldney.

Following Price's death in 1948 activities lapsed but the Club was again relaunched by members of the committee, Philip Paul and Peter Underwood. From 1962 author Peter Underwood served as President and many account of Club activities are found in his books. Tom Perrott joined the club in 1967 and served as Chairman from 1971 to 1993. In 1993, however, the club underwent a period of internal disruption. Peter Underwood left to become Life President of another society, taking some of the club members with him. During this period, Tom Perrott resigned due to the political turmoil, but was invited to return to the Ghost Club as chairman, which he accepted. With this turmoil behind the club, it was decided to implement a more democratic feel to proceedings, to abolish the "invite only" clause in its membership policy, to absorb the role of Chairman and President into one post, and to allow 'ordinary' members to have their say in council meetings, and encouraging them to become more involved in club affairs. During this period the Ghost Club also expanded its remit to take in the study of UFOs, dowsing, cryptozoology, etc. In 1998, Perrott resigned as Chairman (although he is still active in club affairs), and barrister Alan Murdie was elected as his successor. Kathy Gearing replaced Alan Murdie as Chairman in 2005.

Since its founding in 1862, the Ghost Club has welcomed many luminaries to its membership. The list includes Charles Dickens, Sir William Crookes, Air Chief Marshall Lord Dowding, Arthur Koestler, Dr.C.E.M.Joad, Donald Campbell, Sir Julian Huxley, Sir Osbert Sitwell, W.B.Yeats, Sigfreid Sassoon, Dennis Wheatley, Dennis Bardens and Peter Cushing. Present members include the explorer and founder of Operations "Drake" and "Raleigh" Colonel John Blashford-Snell, OBE, and noted paranormal investigators Maurice Grosse, John and Anne Spencer and Reverend Lionel Fanthorpe, as well as author Lynn Picknett . A previous chairman of the Ghost Club was W.T.G. (Tom) Perrott, a life member of the club and an eminent figure in the field of psychical research. The club has investigated many famous locations during its lifetime, such as Borley Church, Chingle Hall, The Queen's House, RAF Cosford Aerospace Museum, Glamis Castle, Winchester Theatre, Woodchester Mansion, Michelham Priory and the Clerkenwell House of Detention.

Ghosts in folklore, the literature, art and a mass culture

One of the more recognizable ghosts in English literature is the shade of Hamlet's murdered father in Shakespeare’s The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. In Hamlet, it is the ghost who demands that Prince Hamlet investigate his "murder most foul" and seek revenge upon his usurping uncle, King Claudius. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the murdered Banquo returns as a ghost to the dismay of the title character.

In English Renaissance Theater, ghosts were often depicted in the garb of the living and even in armor, as with the ghost of Hamlet’s father. Armor, being out-of-date by the time of the Renaissance, gave the stage ghost a sense of antiquity. But the sheeted ghost began to gain ground on stage in the 19th century because an armored ghost could not satisfactorily convey the requisite spookiness: it clanked and creaked, and had to be moved about by complicated pulley systems or elevators. These clanking ghosts being hoisted about the stage became objects of ridicule as they became clichéd stage elements. Ann Jones and Peter Stallybrass, in Renaissance Clothing and the Materials of Memory, point out, “In fact, it is as laughter increasingly threatens the Ghost that he starts to be staged not in armor but in some form of 'spirit drapery'.” An interesting observation by Jones and Stallybrass is that

...at the historical point at which ghosts themselves become increasingly implausible, at least to an educated elite, to believe in them at all it seems to be necessary to assert their immateriality, their invisibility. The drapery of ghosts must now, indeed, be as spiritual as the ghosts themselves. This is a striking departure both from the ghosts of the Renaissances stage and from the Greek and Roman theatrical ghosts upon which that stage drew. The most prominent feature of Renaissances ghosts is precisely their gross materiality. They appear to us conspicuously clothed.

Ghosts figured prominently in traditional British ballads of the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly the “Border Ballads” of the turbulent border country between England and Scotland. Ballads of this type include The Unquiet Grave, The Wife of Usher's Well, and Sweet William's Ghost, which feature the recurring theme of returning dead lovers or children. In the ballad King Henry, a particularly ravenous ghost devours the king’s horse and hounds before forcing the king into bed. The king then awakens to find the ghost transformed into a beautiful woman.

One of the key early appearances by ghosts in a gothic tale was The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole in 1764.

Washington Irving's short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820), based on an earlier German folktale, features a Headless Horseman. It has been adapted for film and television many times, most notably in Sleepy Hollow, a successful 1999 feature film.

Many used concept ghost train in the creativity:

"Ghost Train", a song by Counting Crows

"Ghost Train", a book by Tony Reevy

"Ghost Train", a song by Marty Robbins about a cowboy who sees a ghost train thunder past his farm

"Ghost Train", a song by Gorillaz, a British virtual band

"Ghost Train From Georgia", a song and album by American southern rock band Grinderswitch

The Ghost Train, a play by Arnold Ridley

Spanish Train - A song by Chris de Burgh.

Are You Afraid of the Dark? - TV series that features a ghost train named 7:13 (In Episode 52, Series 4, "The Tale of Train Magic").

During the Roxas' story in Kingdom Hearts II, one of the seven mysteries of Twilight Town is an enigmatic purple train that appears without anyone on board. Later however, the players learn that the train is actually a train that carries the passengers to a hidden tower of Twilight Town, the residence of Yen Sid.

'Casper: A Spirited Beginning one appears in the beginning of the movie, where it takes new ghosts to the school that teaches them to scare people.

Doomtrain is a Guardian Force in the Playstation game Final Fantasy VIII.

Phantom Train is a train in the Super Nintendo game Final Fantasy VI that carries the spirits of the recently deceased. It is unknown where the train takes them, or even if it does anything more than carry them until they simply fade away as a means of comfort at the end of their existence.

A ghost train appears in the 1989 movie Ghostbusters II. When the Ghostbusters are exploring an old, unused portion of the New York Central, the ghost train appears and then "runs through" the character of Winston before disappearing. Earlier in the same film, the Ghostbusters discover a supernatural form of "slime" flowing through the old Beach Pneumatic Transit tunnels.

In 1984's Ghostbusters, a television reporter is heard speculating on the rise of ghostly activity in New York, and mentions that "Heck, my grandma used to spin yarns about a spectral locomotive that would rocket past the farm where she grew up!"

In an episode of Hey Arnold, Arnold's Grandpa tells the kids about a Haunted Train that shows up and takes its hypnotized passengers straight to the "fiery underworld". It turns out the sulfuric smell was coming from the train's actual destination, a steel mill. Although, at the end of the episode, the "real" ghost train and its conductor can be seen in the distance.

In the opening scenes for the Extreme Ghostbusters series, several demonic figures link together to take the form of a ghostly engine.

In 1985's "Amazing Stories" "Ghost Train" episode, a person believes it is their destiny to board a train that they caused to crash several years prior.

Enid Blyton's Famous Five book Five Go Off to Camp features a supposed ghost train.

AFI's song "Where We Used to Play" references a ghost train in the chorus.

The 1998 Lucas Arts game Grim Fandango features a ghost train called Number Nine that carries the deceased souls of the virtuous into the land of eternal calm.

The Phantom of the Opera is a musical by written by the English composer by lord Andrew Lloyd-Weber, based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux.

The mysterious voice appeals to young opera singer Christina from gloomy bowels of a majestic Parisian opera. The phantom in a mask will make everything that it became the prima donna of a scene, however it has an imperious contender — rich viscount Raul de Shani. Becoming the captive of a love triangle, Christina should make a choice. But passions that have turned a head, furious jealousy and mad love have already pronounced to beloved the unmerciful sentence …

The books included the best samples popular into England "stories about ghosts", devoted to the mysterious, ominous and supernatural events connected with the other world. Developing traditions of the European "Gothic" novel, the British writers XIX-XX place centuries the heroes in a situation of a meeting with unknown, skilfully involve the reader in Fear and Secret atmosphere. Among authors of the collection - the classic of the world literature G.James, recognised coryphaeuses of a genre M.R.James and E.Blekvud, highly valued critics the Victorian writers A.Edvards and M.Olifant.

Commercial benefit

Festivals

     From all British the greatest bent for to the paranormal is tested by representatives of the Scottish nation. In the country where the checkered skirt on the man does not cause unhealthy interest of associates, there is a large quantity of excursions on locks with paranormal forces. For example, lock Urhart is famous for a ghost, which names Water Kelly. Not so casually I have chosen this from 3000 Scottish locks: after all it is located on the bank of lake Loch Ness

And when conversation goes about paranormal and Great Britain, it is necessary to mention the Loch Ness monster who, by the way, is the most popular representative of Scotland by Loch Ness results of the sociological interrogation spent among 2000 persons. The monster has bypassed Robert Burns and Shona Connery, taken second and third places, accordingly. The lake and its mythical inhabitant is so popular that the web camera ashore is established: people from every corner of the globe daily in hope look at the screen – whether there will be Nessie?

In capital of Scotland – Edinburgh – every year in the middle of May passes festival of ghosts Mary King’s Close which is named in honour of an underground chain of streets where among gloomy ruins of houses and freezing I smother sounds it is offered to walk to participants of festival. Hidden underground about 200 years ago street, of course, not unique sight with ghosts: throughout 10 days public can learn about the paranormal phenomena, having participated in experiments which are spent in places of the greatest congestion of phantoms. And also to meet spirits, to listen to stories about awful events of the past and to communicate to mediums. The most courageous will suggest to go down for the whole night in a novel vault.

The British abbey Bishem located in a county of Bukingemshir, also is nice for the festival of ghosts. On the Internet the information that the abbey belonging in the past to royal dynasties, is mentioned in the Doomsday book, and it, by the way, the naked truth is very popular. Such book, really, exists, but "the devil is not so terrible as he is painted": Domesday Book, or the Doomsday book, it only the cadastral book – the ground inventory of England made by William the Conqueror in 1085. And it is not connected in any way with paranormal forces and a doomsday.

The festival in Bisheme is spent annually in May and some hours last all: since seven evenings till midnight. Feature of action – hunting behind ghosts in the most mysterious back streets of abbey. Also interested persons can get different subjects of abnormal character at special fair. The most visited place of abbey is a well in which conducts a secret passage where people see strange flickering fires. The most known ghost of abbey – the lady of the Hobby mourning the son already throughout several centuries.

Houses and hotels

In Britain of phantoms searches even for fund «National heritage» (besides the primary activity). In 2007, on the eve of Halloween, he named ten the most well-known locks with ghosts. The English newspaper has informed on it « The Daily Telegraph ». The rating is based on the book of the researcher of Tyres Evans «Phantoms: mysterious stories of a national heritage». On pages of the book the author insists on existence of phantoms in 230 English locks and private residences which can be visited, having bought the entrance ticket. Here the top list of the well-known locks and their not less well-known incorporeal tenants.

It wins first place in "an illusive" rating. Here there is a phantom of queen Anna Bolejn, the second wife of king Henry VIII which has been decapitated on May, 19th, 1536 on suspicion in matrimonial and high treason.

Phantom of the inconsolable queen often see sitting in one of the bedrooms, thus chopped off head peacefully is based at it in a lap. Sometimes the queen grandly walks on lock rooms; in that case the unfortunate has control over a head.

Two more "tenants" live in the lock: spirit of good-natured colleague Henry IV - knight John Fastolfa whom great Shakespeare has entered at once in some plays («Windsor scandal-mongers», «Henry IV», «Henry V») as Falstafa, and a phantom of the haughty sir Henry Hobarta killed on duel in 1698.

Some eyewitnesses assert that at midnight before a full moon all three phantoms gather in the big hall before an old fireplace and drink traditional English tea with rolls and a butter.

«The person in green» freely walks about on lock rooms, passes through walls, plays pranks in a museum bench.

The lock simply teems with phantoms. At its erection the brigade of builders so all collective they and remained in the lock was lost. From these spirits it is not necessary to wait for noble soaring in air and inconsolable sobbing, their jokes are rough and ignorant, and in especially stormy nights on the lock the abuse is carried and sounds of an invisible junket are heard.

In a XVIII-th century here has been strangled by one of the admirers of lady Eleonor Kavendish. Since then its phantom has lodged in the lock. At occurrence of this lady in the person the asthma attack begins, someone's invisible hands compress its throat all more strongly and more strongly...

«The inconsolable countess» lives in the lock, at night on booming halls its muffled sobbing is carried. Whom it was at a life, paternal cries and why became a phantom, nobody knows.

At night the overdue visitor can casually encounter an illusive funeral procession with silent doleful music. The procession slowly strides through park of lock with observance of all rules of ceremony.

On rooms the phantom of the gentleman of average years wanders. The information is stored in lock archives that at the time of the first Civil war royalists have hung up on collars of the lock to nobody the known man who under the description is surprisingly similar on lodged here a phantom.

The phantom of the politician and writer Benjamin Dizraeli, lord Bikonsfilda, sometimes welcomes visitors on a front staircase. In a buttonhole at it the snow-white snowdrop invariably sticks out. On April, 19th - day of death of the lord - is marked in England as «day of a snowdrop» (during lifetime the snowdrop was its favourite flower).

In twilight of corridors and transitions of a palace visitors often see «the lady in black», feel a touch of its cold hands.

Mysterious «the gentleman in black» is majestic walks about a bedroom of the queen, whistling an ancient Scottish song.

Photos with ghosts

According to the data of interrogation of service Gallup, every third American trusts in ghosts. 32 % of the interrogated adults consider that «reductions/spirits of the died people can come back». 48 % of Americans in it do not trust, while 19 % have found it difficult to answer. Still the most the number of Americans considers that reductions can live in houses.

I can tell nothing concerning existence of reductions, but a photo with ghosts.

Most known photos of phantoms:

1. "THE SEVERE LADY" THE REJHEM-HALL

This photo has been made in 1936 in the Rejhem-hall (Raynham Hall), a county Norfolk, England. This portrait of "the Severe Lady" is, most likely, the most known and discussed of ever received photos of a phantom.

It is supposed that it is a phantom of lady Doroti Taunshend (Dorothy Townshend) Charles Taunshenda's wife, the second viscount Rejhema who lived in the Rejhem-hall in the beginning of 17 centuries.

On hearings of Doroti till a marriage with Charles was the mistress of lord Vartona (Lord Wharton). Charles has suspected Doroti of incorrectness. According to available records, she has been buried in 1726.

Suspect that funeral was mystification, and actually Charles has locked the wife in a remote part of the house and held there to her death.

2. ITS FAVOURITE ARMCHAIR

Remember as Archi the Bunker (Archie Bunker) loved the rocking-chair, so, that allowed to sit to nobody on it? However Archi was not a sign with lord Kombermerom (Lord Combermere).

In 1891 after the carriage of the lord has turned over, it was lost. The photographer has established the chamber in library of the lord with an open shutter of a photolens at one o'clock, and all the others were at this time almost in four miles from the house, on funeral of Kombermera.

After development all was noticed at once in a picture by an outline of a head and hands of the person sitting in an armchair. It has been noticed that the phantom is very similar to the late lord.

3. RETURNING OF JACKSON

Freddi Jackson (Freddy Jackson) was the mechanic of the Royal Air Forces during the First World War. Jackson's squadron was deployed onboard the English military ship "Daedalus".

Freddi Jackson was lost in 1919 after it has struck a propeller. In two days when the squadron has gathered for a group photo, Freddi Jackson has seemed also, whose person looks out because of a head of its best friend. Likely it is simple still has informed nobody Freddi that he has died. His face was learnt practically by all who was familiar with it.

4. PHANTOM ON THE LADDER IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF GREENWICH (ENGLAND)

The former cleric of Uajt-fate (British Columbia, Canada) has made the well-known photo in 1966. He wished to make simply some pictures of a beautiful spiral staircase of the Royal House which are the National museum of Greenwich (England).

However after development in a photo it has been noticed a dim figure of the person who is climbing up on a ladder, keeping both hands for a handrail.

Experts, including some experts from corporation "Kodak" which were engaged in studying of an original negative, have come to a conclusion that the given image is not a fake.

It is said that sometimes and other people see figures of people, and even hear steps on a ladder.

4. THE TERRIBLE PASSENGER

In 1959, as well as any loving daughter, Mebl Chinneri (Mable Chinnery) has gone on a cemetery to visit the mum. It has made some photos of a place of a burial place, and then has turned to make a photo of the husband sitting on a forward passenger place.

The film has been shown, then was found out that on a back seat someone sits in points. Mrs. Chinneri swore that anybody other as her mother, on whose tomb it stood when did this picture was this passenger!

5. AND WHAT YOU WISH TO SEE ON THE TOMBSTONE?

In 1996 Ike Klenton has made a photo of the friend which has been dressed in cowboy's clothes. And there was it directly in the middle of the Buthillsky cemetery near to small town Tombstoun.

Both of them swear that when this picture became, was nobody near to them in a visibility range. Moreover, after a while they have tried to reproduce this photo, having invited the friend that he has risen into place where in a photo the image of the person was seen. Ike Klenton says that it is impossible to make a similar photo so that it was not visible feet standing behind the person.

Klenton it is not assured that Tombstoun is occupied by phantoms, however  activity is always observed near to old small towns. On the site of Klenton has taken away the whole page for the description of a city and its inhabitants.

7. WAKE ME

From all photos of phantoms which I saw, this is the most ominous and frightening. About existence of this picture I have learnt several months ago.

More ten years ago, on November, 19th, 1995 in a county Shropshire, England has burnt down completely the Vem-town-hall (Wem Town Hall). While firemen tried to cope with fire and to extinguish fire, the owner of the house, Toni О'Райли (Tony O'Rahilly), by means of the mobile phone has made some pictures of the burning house.

Having seen the received photos, on one of them he has noticed the little girl standing in a doorway round whom the flame stormed. Anybody any more has not noticed presence of the little girl at the house, especially in such direct affinity to fire. The photo and its digital original have been transferred experts who have come to a conclusion that the image was not exposed to any processing.

So, what did a phantom of the girl in this heavy fire? As it was found out, in 1677 the fire has destroyed the majority of wooden constructions of the Vem-town-hall. Said that the fire has begun after the 14-year-old girl by name of Jane Churm, has overturned a candle in a haystack. The girl was lost in a fire, as well as some other people, and say that its phantom still wanders somewhere nearby.

It or not, it is necessary to notice a phantom that even if it is any trick illusion of a smoke and a fire which are visible in a picture, could not form the form of the girl in any way which was lost in an awful fire many years ago.

8. PHANTOM OF THE SITTING WOMAN, CHICAGO

This photo has been made during the investigation spent by the Society of studying of phantoms on a cemetery in "the Grove of Bachelors". On August, 10th, 1991 some members of a society were on a cemetery near the small thrown tomb in reserved wood Rubio Woods, near the city of Midlotian, the State of Illinois.

At this cemetery reputation of the biggest place occupied by phantoms in the USA. Near "Groves of Bachelors" it has been noticed more than 100 various phenomena, including ghosts, casual sounds and even shone spheres of light. After picture development in a photo there were outlines of the young girl sitting on a tombstone. The part of its body was translucent, and the attire has got out of fashion for a long time already.

9. "… BOTH THE SEA HAS SURRENDERED, AND IT HAS RELEASED DEAD WHICH KEPT..."

In 1924 James Courtney and Michael Mihan, two crewmen of a steamship "Watertown", casually were lost owing to steam emission.

The crew of a steamship which went through Panama canal from New York, has buried two seamen in the sea at coast of Mexico. It has occurred on December, 4th. Next day, on December, 5th one of crewmen has cried that sees in water of person Courtney and Mihan. Within next several days, the practical each crewman, including the captain of a steamship, saw appearing and disappearing persons.

After the captain has informed on it in port of New Orleans, to it these persons have suggested to photograph. Captain Keith Tracy took with itself aboard the chamber, and shortly a steamship has sailed. Certainly, persons have again appeared, Tracy has made six pictures, and then has hidden the chamber in the safe. The chamber did not touch before arrival in New York. On five of six pictures it has not been noticed any anomalies, and only on the sixth it was clear that the captain told the truth: in a picture persons of two lost seamen are accurately visible.

Pictures were not exposed to any processing. Persons have ceased to appear after aboard a steamship the new crew has taken up.

10. THE YOUNG MONK

K.F. Lord did an altar picture in the church in Northern Jorkshire, England. And here that he has seen after development.

The photo and negative have been carefully studied by experts who have not found any traces of installation or a repeated exposition. By calculations "it" was height about 9 foots (~274 sm), and after studying of archives have not found any even approximately so high monk in this church.

11. PHANTOM OF THE CHILD ON THE CEMETERY

Mrs. Andrews has come to visit on a cemetery the daughter Joyce which has died when she was 17 years old. Andrews has not noticed anything unusual when did this picture of a tomb of the daughter.

After a film have shown, Mrs. Andrews with amazement has seen in a picture of the small smiling child sitting on a tomb of her daughter. It seems that the child quite understood that it remove, as looked directly in the chamber. Probably it is a repeated exposition?

Mrs. Andrews has told that nearby there was no child when it did a picture and at all does not know that it for the child. It never did pictures of small children and asserts that does not trust, as if it was the phantom of her daughter when it was still small.

12. THE LONDON PHANTOM IN CHURCH

In 1982 photographer Chris Brackley did pictures of an interior of church of sacred Botolfa in London (St. Botolph's Chruch), but he in any way did not expect to see that has appeared in a picture.

On the top floor of church, in the right top corner of a photo the translucent figure, under the form reminding outlines of the girl is accurately visible. As tells Brackley, in church at this time was only three persons, and on the top floor there was nobody.

13. PHANTOM OF THE PRIEST

As they say in the book "Present ghosts" of author Brad Steiger, to uneasy phantoms and places with ghosts where this photo has been found, except the person who has made this picture, in church only one photographer at this time was devoted.

Anybody from present did not see a phantom or any other person who is standing near an altar. As the figure was all in black have assumed that it was the cleric.

14. PHANTOM OF THE GRANDFATHER, STANDING UP FOR THE WIFE

"The woman in a photo – my grandmother", speaks the author of this picture. "She lived at home one till 94 years when its reason has started to weaken and it was necessary to send it in a house for aged. After the lapse of the first week of stay for inhabitants of the house and their families picnic was spent. There have arrived my mum and sister.

This day my sister has made only two photos, and it is one of them. The photo has been made on Sunday, on August, 17th, 1997, and we consider that the person standing behind my grandmother is our grandfather who has died on too Sunday, but on August, 14th, 1984. In a picture we did not notice the man 3 years to Christmas of 2000 when after death of the grandmother we have decided to see photos available in the house.

My sister so liked this picture of the grandmother that it has made one more copy for our mum but as we could not notice the man in a photo of the whole three years! When we have arrived to the house of parents that Christmas day, my sister has handed over me a photo and has asked: "As you think, to whom this man in a picture is similar?" I needed some seconds to understand that it has in view of.

At me it was not simple words. We have compared a picture to available black-and-white photos of the grandfather. It really was it!"

It is not necessary to be the photographer and the expert to tell: when you love someone very much, can stop nothing you were near to it. But it is always pleasant to realise that the love does not die.

15. CROSSROADS PHANTOM IN THE DIGNITY-ANTONIO

The strange legend exists about this crossroads in San Antonio, the State of Texas. As the legend speaks, crossing of highway and tracks was a place of tragically incident in which some schoolboys were lost, however their phantoms still here to push got stuck cars through Ry ways.

Andy's daughter and Debi Chesney and some its friends have specially arrived to this crossroads to check up a legend and to make some photos. Absolutely unexpectedly on one of pictures after development there was a transparent figure.

Proceeding from it we see that Englishmen skilfully use position of the country, benefiting by all possible. Publishing ratings of houses and photos with phantoms, the rating of newspapers sharply increases, cost of houses with phantoms increases in two, and even three times.

Also Englishmen do quite good tourist business, arranging excursions in places of England occupied by phantoms.

For example, on the eve of a Halloween the British company making road-building materials, has interviewed among drivers by which results it was found out that 45 % from the interrogated motorists saw ghosts when took the helm. On the basis of interrogation the list of the roads most "occupied" by phantoms has been made.

On the first place there was the extended highway М6 connecting the central and northwest parts of England on which it is possible to meet the Roman legionaries, moving strict columns, a phantom of the lost woman, and also the truck the phantom. On the second place the Scottish road A9 on which meets the horseman of the Victorian epoch and harnessed horses the carriage accompanied by footmen.

On roads with bad reputation unique signs «Dangerous, ghosts», by the way, are established, calling drivers to be attentive. It is necessary to notice that similar signs meet in England not only on highways: they can be seen in one of numerous parks of London where phantoms of children are, or at lock Tingagel in a county Cornwall where the phantom of the woman wanders.

     These roads also are included in excursions.