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ЕГЭ 2018. 30 тренировочных вариантов экзаменационных работ Музланова Е.С. + Аудио
ФИПИ ЕГЭ
Macmillan (онлайн - тесты при подготовке к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ)
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Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
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How did Michelle get rid of stage fright? | |||||||||
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What does Michelle say about her charity activities? | |||||||||
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Which of the following is NOT among the top priorities of Michelle’s foundation? | |||||||||
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Why did Michelle decide to raise money for the Women’s Heart Center? | |||||||||
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What does Michelle NOT mention as a way to relax? | |||||||||
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What does Michelle regret about her career? | |||||||||
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London Zoo London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A __________! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population. Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save. That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers B __________. But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, C __________. In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D __________. They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre. Then there are numerous special Highlight events E __________ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F __________. Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do! |
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
How a Paris abbey became a science museum
A trip to Europe without visiting museums would be like a trip to Fiji without visiting a beach. It just seems wrong to ignore such an embarrassment of riches. So when I was in France last year, I dutifully walked through museums, but I soon noticed a strange phenomenon. Every time I think about going to a museum, it seems like a fascinating way to spend an afternoon, but once I get there, I almost always find myself getting very sleepy by the time I get to the second gallery. I try to be enthusiastic … but usually I’m no match for the long halls of display cases. There is an exception to this rule, though: science museums. I love inventions and gadgets, getting to know how things work and how people went about solving very difficult problems. I can stay awake in a good science museum indefinitely. So while in Paris, I visited the Conservatory of Arts and Trades. Part of this centuries-old institution is a museum that’s open to the public, and it contains a fascinating variety of objects and exhibits including the original Foucault’s Pendulum. The Conservatory is off the beaten path; most English guidebooks don’t even mention it. It does, however, attract a certain number of pilgrims who were fascinated by Umberto Eco’s novel Foucault’s Pendulum, part of which takes place there. In the novel, a secret passage under the floor of the nave connects with the Paris sewers. That isn’t the case in reality, but truth is perhaps more interesting than fiction. There is something under the floor of the nave, a curious part of the building’s long and strange history. The foundation for the abbey church of St. Martin of the Fields was laid around 1059, about the time of the Norman conquest. Over the next centuries, numerous additions and renovations were undertaken. All that changed in the French Revolution when under the name of Conservatory of Arts and Trades, it became a depository for machines, models, tools, drawings, descriptions and books in all the areas of the arts and trades. It officially opened in 1802. The museum closed for a renovation in 1993, and as part of the process, archaeological excavations were undertaken beneath the floor of the nave. For the entire history of the church, there had been stories that the site on which it stood was once a Merovingian funerary basilica, but this had never been proven. What archaeologists discovered was a large necropolis dating from the 6th or 7th century with about 100 plaster coffins inside. The tales were indeed true. When the museum reopened a few years later, it was a typical shiny and up-to-date science museum. But it was decided that their thousands of additional articles should be made available to scholars even when they’re not on exhibit. So they opened a satellite facility in the nearby town of Saint-Denis, where by appointment only qualified researchers can go to examine the rest of the museum’s collection. I’ve been to the Conservatory in 2000 and in 2003. As a science museum I found it a sheer delight. The former abbey is only a portion of the museum, and the museum is only a portion of the Conservatory. But all the history of the building and the institution seems to be concentrated in the large nave with its bones beneath and gadgets above. The odd contrast of centuries of monastic simplicity with centuries of technological progress tickles me in a way I can’t easily describe. Perhaps the Pendulum says it best: as a scientific wonder that’s also meditatively simple, it symbolically bridges the illusory divide between technology and spirituality.
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What does the author think about museums? | ||||||||||||
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Which of the following does NOT explain the author’s love for science museums? | ||||||||||||
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According to the author, the Conservatory is popular with the … | ||||||||||||
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The reason the archaeological excavations started was the need to … | ||||||||||||
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“A satellite facility” in phrase “… they opened a satellite facility” (paragraph 6) refers to … | ||||||||||||
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Visiting the museum the author is impressed by … | ||||||||||||
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Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10. Впишите слова в поле ответа.
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Alexander Sir Alexander Heathcote was an exact man. A22 ______ people were like him. He was exactly six feet three-and-a-quarter inches tall, rose at seven o’clock every morning, joined his wife at breakfast to eat one boiled egg cooked for precisely four minutes, two pieces of toast with one spoonful of Cooper’s marmalade, and drink one cup of China tea. He used to take a carriage from his home in Cadogan Gardens at exactly 8:20 and A23 ______ at the Foreign Office at promptly 8:59, returning home again on the stroke of six o’clock. Sir Alexander had been exact from an early age, as he was the only son of a general. But, unlike his father, he chose to serve his queen in the diplomatic service, another exacting calling. He A24 ______ in progressing from a shared desk at the Foreign Office in Whitehall to third secretary in Calcutta to minister in Peking. He was delighted when Mr. Gladstone A25 ______ the opportunity to represent the government in China. For some time he had been A26 ______ in the art of the Ming dynasty. This appointment would present him a perfect chance of A27 ______ in their natural habitat some of the great statues, paintings and drawings he had previously been able to admire only in books. When he arrived in Beijing, Her Imperial Highness wished him a successful term of office in his appointment and then the audience A28 ______ to an end.
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You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that learning foreign languages is a waste of time and money.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200 – 250 words.
Use the following plan:
− make an introduction (state the problem)
− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion
− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion
− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
− make a conclusion restating your position
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Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
As soon as spring brings a new growth of bushes and berries, bears start feeding. They eat and eat. All through the spring and summer their feeding goes on. The bears build themselves up. They store food and fats that they will need in the fall when they start their long sleep.
As days grow shorter, and the temperature begins to fall, bears hunt for a sleeping place. It may be a shallow cave, or a deep crack between rocks. Some bears end up sleeping in hollow logs. Logs seem to be bears’ favourite places. Bears seem to choose small spaces. They can keep warmer in a cave that’s just large enough to hold them than in a larger cave. They often line their sleeping place with leaves and dried grass.
All through their winter naps, bears will not eat. Often they will sleep for 7 months, moving only now and then.
Task 2. Study the advertisement.
You are going to visit Japan this summer and you'd like to have more information about the flights to Japan. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five questions to find out the following:
1) departure dates
2) travel time
3) return ticket price
4) discounts for students
5) buying the ticket online
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.
Task 3. Imagine that while travelling during your holidays you took some photos. Choose one photo to present to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously. In your talk remember to speak about:
∙when you took the photo
∙what/who is in the photo
∙what is happening
∙why you took the photo
∙why you decided to show the picture to your friend
Photo 1. Photo 2. Photo 3.
Task 4. Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:
∙give a brief description (action, location)
∙say what the pictures have in common
∙say in what way the pictures are different
∙say which kind of life you’d prefer
∙explain why
You will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.
1 2
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Одним из важным моментов устного экзамена является описание фотографии на английском языке. Пример стандартного описания картинки (фото), а также всю необходимую лексику и грамматические конструкции, вы сможете найти -> ЗДЕСЬ
Но дело в том, что на ЕГЭ нужно описать фотографию особым образом, и к тому же сделать это за отведенное время, ничего не упустив, чтобы не потерять баллы. Читайте об этом ниже.
Примерное описание фотографии (ЕГЭ, задание 3) по опциям ниже:
Task 3. Imagine that you are showing your photo album to your friend. Choose one photo to present to your friend.You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously. In your talk remember to speak about:
- when you took the photo — когда вы сделали этот снимок (1)
- what/who is in the photo — что или кто изображен на фотографии (2)
- what is happening — что происходит в момент, когда был сделан снимок (3)
- why you took the photo — почему вы сделали этот снимок (4)
- why you decided to show the picture to your friend — почему вы решили показать эту фотографию своему другу (5)
Предположим вы выбрали эту фотографию из трех предложенных (фото взята с сайта ФИПИ). Помните, что говорить нужно не делая паузы (You have to talk continuously) и не более 2 минут (not more than 2 minutes)
Hello, how are things? (вступление, вопрос «как дела?» является общепринятым при встрече) Look here, I would like you to have a look at this photo. (эти слова уместны, если вы говорите с экзаменатором-собеседником)
Введение: (0) Well, I have chosen to show you photo number 2. (Это ваша первая фраза. Она нужна для экзаменатора). Look at this photo. ( Так нужно начать, если вы сдаете экзамен в компьютеризированной форме, без участия экзаменатора-собеседника.)
(1) I took it a month ago when I was going on an excursion with my classmates. I remember that day very well.
(2) In this photo you can see our bus driver. As you see, he looks very friendly. We have made friends with him.
(3) We were going to the State Darwin Museum and on the way he told us a lot of facts about wildlife. By the way, he is from the northen part of Russia.
(4) Well, at that time I was doing a project on my future profession. That is why I took the photo. I have already had a lot of pictures of different people. And, you know, when I was a boy, I wanted to be a driver, too. So, I decided that it was not a bad idea to use that photo in my project.
(5) A job of a driver seems to me rather boring now but I would like to show you this photo as he is a very well-read and interesting person. Besides, I believe he likes his job. You know, there is a saying «Choose a job you love and you will never have to work a day in your life». (в заключение, вы приводите известное изречение китайского философа Конфуция).
(6) That’s all I wanted to say. (заключительная фраза)
Всего 12-15 фраз. В приведенном выше описании фраз больше, но не надо зацикливаться на количестве фраз. Просто надо уложиться в 2 минуты.
Это важно:
- В этом задании надо будет немного пофантазировать, то есть придумать ситуацию к фотографии.
- При описании Вы можете использовать разные времена.
- В данном задании 5 опций (пунктов плана). Каждую опцию надо раскрыть, сказав В СРЕДНЕМ по 3 предложения.
- Слова-связки и союзы в этом описании подчеркнуты, они делают ваше описание более естественным и связным (логичным), обратите на них внимание.
- Вы можете самостоятельно переделать или сократить данное описание, так как оно специально дано в максимальном объеме. Однако вы должны оставить слова-связки (3-4), а также подчеркнутые выражения, так как они являются основными в вашем ответе и соответствуют опциям задания. Полный список таких слов вы найдете здесь —> Как написать эссе по английскому языку (структура, слова-связки)
Вот критерии оценивания вашего ответа:
Ну, и напоследок вот еще хороший видеоурок, который вы можете посмотреть на youtube.ru
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Переходим к заданию 4 (ЕГЭ устная часть)
Примерное сравнение фотографий (ЕГЭ, задание 4) по опциям ниже:
Task 4. Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:
- give a brief description (action, location) — кратко опишите действие и место
- say what the pictures have in common — что общего между двумя фотографиями
- say in what way the pictures are different — чем они отличаются
- say which kind of life you’d prefer for wild animals — какая из фотографий тебе больше нравится (это общий смысл опции, так как ее дословный перевод может отличаться в зависимости от темы)
- explain why — объясните, почему вы так думаете
You will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.
Вот 2 фотографии, взятые с сайта ФИПИ:
Фотография 1 (с сайта ФИПИ)
Фотография 2 (с сайта ФИПИ)
Теперь давайте сравним эти две фотографии и, на этом примере, разберемтипичные ошибки и как их избежать:
Для невнимательных —> ЧИТАТЬ ЗДЕСЬ
Well, both pictures show an animal, the bear. I would like to start with the first picture that shows a big polar bear in the zoo. The bear is sitting on a stone with its paws up. It is not looking at people, it looks aside and it seems that it is tired of so much attention. A lot of people have gathered near the open-air cage, taking pictures. As the people are wearing warm coats and caps, it is probably late autumn. The colours in this picture are grey and dark. (Это описание нужно ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНО сократить, оно ИЗБЫТОЧНОЕ.)
As for the second picture, it also shows a bear, but it is a brown bear. It is completely different from the first one as it shows the bear in the wild. In contrast to the first picture, the second one is full of bright colours: yellow flowers, green grass. It shows a summer day. The bear is busy, it is carrying a log. I like this picture more andnot only because I like summer but also because I believe that keeping wild animals in zoos is inhuman. Although some people say that it is necessary for some educational purposes, to say nothing of entertaiment.
All in all, both pictures make me think of wildlife. As for me, I am sure that wild animals should live free in their natural habitat because they are part of nature.
Казалось, бы нормальное описание, но у нас есть ШАБЛОН, куда же без него… В качестве практической подготовки к ЕГЭ, давайте изменим это описание так, чтобы оно соответствовало шаблону. ПРОЧИТАТЬ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНО!
Так как устная часть ЕГЭ впервые введена в 2015 году, а экзамен First Certificate in English (FCE) уже давно имеет подобного рода задания, читайте еще —> Как сравнить две фотографии на английском языке (по правилам FCE)
Аналогичные задание присутствуют и в IELTS —> Описание фотографий (пример, IELTS)
При выполнении заданий устной части С5 и С6 для связи предложений обязательно используй вводные и связующие слова. Переход от одного пункта плана к другому должен быть плавным и логическим.
Вводные слова называются так именно потому, что «вводят» читателя в смысл предложения. Они обозначают логическую связь между исходной мыслью и конечной, тем самым придавая тексту плавность и целостность. Вводные слова – как дорожные знаки, которые помогают читателю ориентироваться в тексте.
Покажем, как вводные слова помогут тебе составить высказывания в заданиях С5 и С6. Для каждого из этих заданий мы подготовили специальную таблицу необходимых клише и вводных слов. Выучи их и используй на ЕГЭ по английскому!
Задание С5. План описания картинки. (photo description): | ||
Пункт плана | Рекомендуемые вводные слова | Перевод |
introduction | 2-3 предложения по теме картинки.Напр., Hobbies make our live exciting. My hobby is taking photos.
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When you took the photo | Look! I’d like to show you thisamazing / awesome / gorgeous / terrific / unusual / stunning / spectacular/ disappointing picture.
I took it when I was on holiday with my friends / parents / classmates last …
We were visiting / trekking / going to … then. I took this photo because I was so impressed by the scene that I wanted to capture that moment forever. Moreover, it was the most unforgettable part of our trip. Besides, it was one of the most stunning / disappointing moments in our trip.
| Послушай! Я бы хотел показать тебе эту удивительную/прикольную/непревзойденную/потрясающую/необычную/ошеломляющую/зрелищную/неутешительную фотографию. Я сделал ее, когда был с друзьями/родителями/одноклассниками на каникулах в прошлом… Мы посещали/пересекали/шли ….. Я снял эту фотографию, потому что был так впечатлен пейзажем, что хотел запечатлеть тот момент навсегда. Более того, это была самая незабываемая часть нашего путешествия. Кроме того, это был один из самых великолепных/ неутешительных моментов в нашем путешествии. |
Who/What is in the photo | To start with, the picture shows/depicts…You can see…in the picture. In the background, there is/are…. In the foreground, we can see…. I would say… There is … in the picture. On the right / left there are (is) … In the right / left hand corner … In the foreground/ background, there is… There are … in the foreground / background. In the bottom part of the picture there is… There are … in the top part of the picture. The people in the picture are … The people in the picture look happy because… The people in the picture seem sad because… The general atmosphere in the picture is positive because…. The picture was taken in … The weather in the picture is… The atmosphere in the picture is depressing because… Speculating about the situation It may be…
| Начну с того, что фотография показывает/ отображает…На фото ты можешь видеть… На заднем плане, …
На переднем плане мы можем видеть…. Я бы сказал… На фото есть… Справа/ слева …. В правом/левом углу… На переднем/ заднем плане… …. на переднем/заднем плане. В нижней части фотографии … …. в верхней части фото. Люди на фото… Люди на картинке выглядят радостными, потому что… Люди на фото кажутся грустными, потому что… Общая атмосфера фото положительная, потому что… Фотография была снята/ сделана… Погода на фото… Атмосфера на фотографии унылая, потому что… Размышляя над ситуацией… Это может быть…. |
What is happening | The person/people in the picture is/are…They probably will… It seems to me that… They could be… Perhaps, … It is probably… Imagine they’re… Another idea is that… It is also possible that… It’s not clear if… It seems to me that the people in the picture… I get the impression that the people are not very happy here… They don’t seem to be enjoying themselves…
| Человек/люди на фото…Они вероятно… Мне кажется, что… Они могли бы… Возможно… Вероятно,… Представь, что они Другая мысль заключается в том, что… Также возможно, что… Неясно……. ли…. Мне кажется, что люди на фото… У меня создалось впечатление, что люди на фото не очень радостны… Кажется, что они не получают удовольствие… |
Why you took the photo | What I meant by taking this picture is that I wanted to catch/save this unforgettable moment from my life. What’s more, … Besides… I liked the landscape so much that I decided to capture/to save it. It was a great experience in my life. They were the friendliest / the most helpful / hospitable people in our journey and I liked them so much that I decided to take a picture of them.
| Что я имел в виду, когда сделал эту фотографию, это то, что я хотел захватить/сохранить этот незабываемый момент из своей жизни.Более того,… Кроме того,… Мне так понравился пейзаж, что я решил захватить/сохранить его. Это был великолепный опыт в моей жизни. Они были самыми дружелюбными/ самыми полезными/самыми гостеприимными людьми за время нашего путешествия и мне они так понравились, что я решил их сфотографировать. |
Why you decided to show it to your friend | I decided to show this picture to you, because…This is a good chance for you to get the first impression of… Looking at it from your perspective, you would… I decided to show this photo to you as I’d like to share my emotions / feelings / impressions with you. Also, I want you to know more about…
| Я решил показать это фото тебе, потому что…Это хорошая возможность для тебя получить первое впечатление от…. На мой взгляд, ты бы… Я хотел показать это фото тебе, т.к. хотел с тобой поделиться своими эмоциями/ чувствами/впечатлениями. Также я хотел узнать побольше о… |
Conclusion | That’s all I wanted to tell you about this picture. | Вот и все, что я хотел рассказать тебе об этой фотографии. |
Задание С6. Сравнение и сопоставление двух фотографий с использованием вводных и связующих слов (comparing / contrasting):
Пункт плана | Рекомендуемые вводные слова | Перевод на русский язык | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
introduction | Вступление – 2-3 предложения по теме картинки (напр., jobs, eating out, fast food, ecological problems и т.д.) | Это фото …, а это фото … . | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a brief description of the photos |
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similarities |
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differences |
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your opinion |
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conclusion |
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Эти вводные слова, структуры и клише также помогут тебе при написании личного письма и эссе. Выучи их все, практикуй их использование и в устной речи и на письме. Перед экзаменом сделай себе набор фраз, которые тебе больше всего нравятся к каждому пункту плана, выучи наизусть и вперед, на экзамен!
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Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
As soon as spring brings a new growth of bushes and berries, bears start feeding. They eat and eat. All through the spring and summer their feeding goes on. The bears build themselves up. They store food and fats that they will need in the fall when they start their long sleep.
As days grow shorter, and the temperature begins to fall, bears hunt for a sleeping place. It may be a shallow cave, or a deep crack between rocks. Some bears end up sleeping in hollow logs. Logs seem to be bears’ favourite places. Bears seem to choose small spaces. They can keep warmer in a cave that’s just large enough to hold them than in a larger cave. They often line their sleeping place with leaves and dried grass.
All through their winter naps, bears will not eat. Often they will sleep for 7 months, moving only now and then.
Task 2. Study the advertisement.
You are going to study abroad for three months and want to find a swimming pool you could attend. You’d like to get more information about this swimming pool. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five questions to find out the following:
1) location of the swimming pool 2) opening hours 3) sauna availability 4) price for 3 months 5) discounts for students
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.
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Task 3. Imagine that you are showing your photo album to your friend. Choose one photo to present to your friend.
You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously. In your talk remember to speak about:
∙••• when you took the photo
∙••• what/who is in the photo
∙••• what is happening
∙••• why you took the photo
∙••• why you decided to show the picture to your friend
Task 4. Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:
∙•• give a brief description (action, location)
∙•• say what the pictures have in common
∙•• say in what way the pictures are different
∙•• say which kind of life you’d prefer for wild animals
∙•• explain why
You will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.