Электронные образовательные ресурсы
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English flag
The flag of England The cross of Saint George who was the patron saint of England .
The flag of Scotland The cross of Saint Andrew who was the patron saint of Scotland.
The flag of Northern Ireland The cross of Saint Patrick who was the patron saint of Northern Ireland.
The flag of Wales
English flag
The flag which was adopted in 1606.
The present English flag which was adopted in 1801.
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New Zealand
Geography. New Zealand is an island country, situated midway between the Equator and the South Pole in the southern Pacific Ocean. New Zealand consists of two main landmasses (commonly called the North island and the South Island) and smaller islands. The area of the country is 270.534 square km. I t is situated about 2000 k m. southeast of Australia across the Tasman Sea , and its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga.
History of New Zealand. New Zealand is called “the country which was discovered 3 times”: Aotearoa, “land of the long white cloud”- was settled over 1000 years ago by voyagers from East Polynesia. These settlers, the ancestors of today’s Maori, adapted quickly to the new environment, and settled the North and the South Islands. The Maori are thought to have settled in Aotearoa from 1200 AD.
Dutchman Abel Tasman He was the first European navigator to visit the islands in 1642. He named the country Staten Landt, later Nieuw Zeeland for the Dutch province of Zeeland.
Captain James Cook. He visited the islands four times between 1769 and 1777. Captain Cook traded with Maori and claimed the land for the British crown.
Development of the country. The first permanent European settlement was established in 1840 at Wellington. In 1840 year 500 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi .They gave the right to govern to the British Crown. Dominion status was attained in 1907 and full independence was conferred by the Statute of Westminster in 1931, which was confirmed by New Zealand in 1947. New Zealand is still the member of British Commonwealth.
Political system. New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy. The British monarch is the official head of the state, represented by the Governor-General. Nowadays New Zealand is a sovereign, independent state and a member of the Commonwealth.
Political system. The country has the Parliament, which consists of only the House of Representatives. The country is divided into “districts”. Each “district” has its District or City Council and Mayor. There are two official languages : English and Maori.
National emblems. The coat of arms depicts a white woman and a Maori man standing on leaves of fern and looking at each other over a shield with 5 badges. 5 badges represents 3 sailing vessels, the Southern Cross, a white sheaf, 2 mining hammers and a fleece. The shield supports Crown of St. Edward The flag of New Zealand is blue with the flag of the UK in the upper left corner with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag. The stars represent the Southern Cross constellation.
Geography. New Zealand was named “the land of long white cloud” by the Polynesian because of the cloudiness of its skies. New Zealand is also called the Shaky Isles because there are often earthquakes there.
The main islands. The main islands are the North Island (114.500 sq. km.) and the South Island (150. 700 sq. km.). They are separated by Cook Strait, which is 23 kilometers wide at its narrowest point.
The North Island. There are subtropical beaches in the north of the island and volcano activity in the centre. There are four active volcanic peaks: Mount Ruapehu (2797m.), the highest point on the island; Mount Ngauruhoe (2287m.), Tongariro (1967 m.) and Mount Taranaki (2518m.) There are a lot of geysers and lakes of bubbling mud. The North Island has many rivers. The Waikato River (435 km.), the longest river of New Zealand, flows out of Lake Taupo , which is the largest lake in New Zealand. Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, is situated on the North Island.
The South Island. The South Island is 70 % mountainous. The chief mountain range of the island is the Southern Alps, which has a number of glaciers. Mount Cook (3754m.),the highest point in New Zealand, rises from the centre of the range. The South Island has a lot of national parks. There are a lot of lakes, fjords, large forests, sandy beaches, plains. The South Island is colder than the North Island.
Population. In 2007 the total population numbered over 4 million people. 75 percent of population (including more than 95 percent of the Maori) live on the warmer North Island. About 84 percent of population live in urban areas. New Zealand has “big four” cities: Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin. The largest centre of population is Auckland.
Population
Auckland It’s the largest city. The city was established in 1840 as the capital of the British colonial government. It’s the major industrial and commercial port of New Zealand. It’s a modern cosmopolitan city with a beautiful and clear harbour where people go boating, swimming, windsurfing many months of the year.
Wellington The city became the capital of New Zealand in 1865. It’s the second largest city and main port. It’s the centre of finance and commerce. The city contains commercial areas, docks, government buildings, including the Houses of Parliament (the Beehive). It’s situated at the crossroads of the Pacific Ocean and the Tasman sea so its nickname is “ The Windy City”
Flora and fauna Because of its long isolation from the rest of the world, and its island biogeography New Zealand has extraordinary flora and fauna. About 80 percent of the New Zealand flora only occurs in New Zealand.
It’s the world’s largest flightless parrot – kakapo . Kiwi is an emblem of New Zealand. This flightless bird sleeps all day and can be heard only at night. The hoiho (yellow eyed penguin), is one of the world’s rarest penguins and can be found in coastal regions on the South East of the South Island. The tui, recognised by a white tuft under their throat and their metallic blue green colour . It’s one of the most favourite birds in New Zealand .
Plants. New Zealand plant life is remarkable: out of the country’s 2000 species, about 1500 are endemics; examples are the golden kowhai and the scarlet pohutukawa. The most famous New Zealand tree is the great kauri tree. Today native forests survive mainly in unpopulated areas, reserves and national parks. About one third of New Zealand’s land area is devoted to national parks. There are 13 national parks in the country.
QUIZ. 1. New Zealand consists of _______ islands. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 2. New Zealand is divided into a) provinces b) territories and states c) districts 3. The national emblem of New Zealand is a) emu b) coala c) kiwi
4. The capital of New Zealand is a) Auckland b) Christchurch c) Wellington 5. The population of New Zealand is over ______ million people. a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 6. There are __official languages in New Zealand. a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 7. The Maori lost sovereignty to Britain in a)1900 b) 1800 c ) 1840
8. New Zealand is a) Constitutional monarchy b) Parliamentary monarchy c) Republic 9. New Zealand got full Independence (from the U. K.) in a) 1907 b) 197 4 c) 1947 10.Maori constitute______of New Zealand’s population. a) nearly half b) 12 % c) 5 %
Sources of information. 1.Australia and New Zealand in brief, Москва, Астрель , 2004. 2. Beautiful New Zealand. Errol Brathwaite , David Bateman,Ltd ., 1988 3. www.newzealand.com 4. www.ucheba.ru 5. wikipedia.org/wiki/ NewZealand