Дистанционное обучение

Preparation through Teaching Tolerance

English, No. 3, p. 48

State Exam

Английский язык: тесты для подготовки к ЕГЭ

This project was made possible by a grant from the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) of the US Department of State, through a program administered by IREX (the International Research & Exchanges Board). None of these organizations is responsible for the views expressed herein.

TOLERANCE SNAPSHOT

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Во время выполнения теста по аудированию перед каждым заданием дана пауза с тем, чтобы вы смогли просмотреть вопросы к заданию, а также паузы после первичного и повторного предъявления аудиотекста для внесения ответов. По окончании выполнения всего раздела “Аудирование” перенесите свои ответы в бланк ответов.

B1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1 – 6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A – G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

Текст аудиозаписи

Speaker 1

A club I attended hired a guy who does this type of 'performance art', where he paints on an easel while he's talking. He believes that Jesus is the Lord and Saviour. Once, he actually told a Jewish student who asked about this, that this student was going to hell. Suffice it to say people don't really take this lightly, and the club that hired the guy lost their funding and office for the rest of the year. I personally believe that any time you hire someone to do an activity in a school, you have to screen the person beforehand and make sure they're not going to offend a whole bunch of people. I think that religious groups often seem to exhibit the least tolerance, despite the proclamations in their Scripture which point to other, tolerant actions.

Speaker 2

My mother used racial and ethnic terminology – the Mexican checkout clerk, the black saleslady – in casual stories in which race and ethnicity were not factors. Of course, if the person is white, she never bothered to mention it. What did I do? Well, I tried to call upon the principles that guided my childhood home. One day I told her “Mom, when I was growing up, you taught me to treat others the way I wanted to be treated. And I just don’t think that term is very nice.” Of course, that wasn’t easy. I had practiced possible responses in front of a mirror for weeks!

Speaker 3

My father-in-law tells racist “jokes” at family gatherings. Every time he does it I feel very uncomfortable though at first I didn’t say anything to him about it. After having children, however, I felt compelled to speak up. Arriving for our next visit, I said to my father-in-law, “I know I can’t control what you do in your own house. Your racist ‘jokes’ are offensive to me, and I will not allow my children to be subjected to them. If you choose to continue with them, I will take the children and leave. And I’m informing you that racist ‘jokes’ or comments will not be allowed in my own home.”

Speaker 4

My wife is South American.  When we planned to get married, my friends made incorrect assumptions about her race, religion and family background. The question we never stopped getting was, ‘Do Carrie’s parents mind?’ When we questioned their question, we were told that ‘Indian families’ like their daughters to marry their ‘own kind.’ How could we respond?

Speaker 5

We’ve always tried to create a neighborhood that values connectedness, rather than exclusion and bias. Whether friends or not, neighbors are people we interact with often – as we take out the trash, bump into each other in the apartment complex hallway or walk by on the way to the bus stop. But sometimes casual conversations with our neighbors reveal biases. One day I met my new neighbor shortly after he’d moved in. He opened the conversation with, “You’re probably relieved that no one black moved in.” “I tried to stop him and said “We know you’re new to the neighborhood. Around here, we welcome all kinds of people. And we all look out for each other.”

Speaker 6

When I mentioned to a colleague that I am originally from West Virginia, she laughed and said she knew some “jokes” about people from West Virginia. She began to tell one, and it was clear to me that the “joke” would have an offensive punch line. I held up my hand and asked her not to tell it. But she just laughed again, perhaps thinking I was joking myself, and told not one but three “jokes,” all equally offensive.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

A.        I warned the person that I would break off my relations with him to stop his bigoted remarks.

B.        I became a subject to intolerant jokes at work and my attempt to stop them failed.

C.        I don’t think it’s right that the club lost its funding and office because of one intolerant person. We should blame the religious group he belongs to for the problem.

D.        I had to teach my parents to be tolerant, though it was very difficult for me to speak up against their biased language.

E.        I encountered racial and religious intolerance when I was engaged and I didn’t know what to do.

F.        In the selection process for a job, the priority should be given to tolerant people, especially in education.

G.        You can stop expressions of bigotry of newcomers by introducing your rules.

Задания А1 – А7

Вы услышите разговор бабушки с внуком. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1 – А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Текст аудиозаписи

Granny:        Morning, Fred.

Fred:                Good morning, Mama.

Granny:        I’m making scrambled eggs. Shall I make some for you or would you rather have a sandwich?

Fred:                No, thanks Mama. I’ve already eaten. I got up early.

Granny:        Why? Did you have to do your homework? I thought you did everything yesterday.

Fred:                Well, yes. I just woke up and couldn’t get back to sleep again.

Granny:        Aren’t you feeling well?

Fred:        No, I am all right. I was just thinking. Granny, kids at school made fun of me again, asking why my ‘mother’ is so old.

Granny:        Why didn’t you tell them that I am your granny, dear?

Fred:        But I got used to calling you “Mama,” and that’s really true. You are like a mum to me. I don’t have anybody else. Why are they so mean?

Granny:        You see, Fred, I’m at least 20 years older than most of the parents of your classmates, and when I drop you off or pick you up, the other kids notice that difference. They just don’t know that there are families like ours with grandparents acting as parents.

Fred:        Is this very unusual, Mama? Shouldn’t there always be mother and father in the family?

Granny:        Of course, not, dear. Families come in all shapes and sizes. There are single-parent households, adoptive families and foster families. We are all different, and so are families. But you should tell your teacher about the bullying.

Fred:                That’s OK.

Granny:        But it upsets you, Fred. Promise me, that if you are teased again you’ll go to school administrators or ask a school counselor for help.

Fred:                All right. I promise.

A1        Fred woke up early because he didn’t feel well.

1) true                 2) false                3) not stated

A2        Fred’s mother died some years ago.

1) true                2) false                3) not stated

A3        The children at school pick on Fred because he lives with his grandmother.

1) true                2) false                3) not stated

A4        Grandmother tells Fred about different kinds of families because he thinks his family is unusual.

1) true                2) false                3) not stated

A5        Grandmother believes that children’s intolerant behaviour is caused by ignorance.

1) true                2) false                3) not stated

A6        Fred doesn’t want to tell his teacher about his classmates’ jokes.

1) true                2) false                3) not stated

A7        Fred’s school offers offended children administrative and psychological support.

1) true                2) false                3) not stated

Вы услышите интервью с двумя людьми, которые работают в Институте толерантности. В заданиях А8 – А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Текст аудиозаписи

Interviewer:        Alex Potabu and Jenny Wigster have worked for the Institute of Tolerance for 5 years. Most of us believe today that hate can only be conquered by ordinary people willing to promote tolerance. The ideas promoted by the Institute of Tolerance help foster tolerance in yourself, your family, your schools, your workplace and your community. Alex, is the problem of tolerance really so important as to create a whole institute to deal with it?

Alex:         I’ll give you some fast facts and you can judge for yourself. Thirty percent of workers say they've heard colleagues use racial or ethnic slurs in the last 12 months. The same number report hearing sexist comments. Twenty-one percent of workers say they've overheard age-related ridicule, and 20% of workers report hearing sharp comments aimed at sexual orientation.

Jenny:         I can add to that. The problem exists not only in the working environment, but in college relationships as well. One in 10 students say that someone at school has called them a derogatory word related to race, religion, ethnicity, disability, gender or sexual orientation in the past six months.

Interviewer:         So, the problem of tolerance can be connected with every characteristic human feature that we have in common or that singles us out.

Alex:         That’s true. Even the type of family or a last name that is difficult to pronounce can make a person a subject to bullying and teasing. In stories people shared with us in round-table discussions, emails or personal interviews, many admitted a biased attitude to a child from a single-parent family sometimes called a ‘broken home.’ If we take school forms, for instance ‘mother\father contact information’, we can see that in most schools they can’t accommodate diverse kinds of families excluding grandparents as parents, foster families and so on.

Interviewer:         Do you agree with this, Jenny?

Jenny:        Absolutely. We should speak up to broaden the schools’ perspective. Quoting Elie Wiesel, “to remain silent and indifferent is the greatest sin of all.”

In a school with a diverse and tolerant environment there should be no place for name-calling or the casual bigotry, harassing, teasing or biased language that fills some school hallways. School becomes the first or only place where some students, teachers, counselors, principals and others encounter a diverse and varied society. That presents opportunities for enlightenment – and potential for misunderstanding. Schools become a place to learn not just geometry and grammar but also community building and social interaction.

Many schools also have resources, lesson plans and activities aimed at raising awareness about the damage done by bias and bigotry. Perhaps no setting offers more opportunities for learning. Make sure your school embraces an environment that encourages compassion, understanding and acceptance of difference.

Peer pressure also often is a strong motivator, in both positive and negative ways, at school.

Interviewer:        To be tolerant is absolutely necessary, but what does it mean, Alex?

Alex:        I see tolerance as a boat in which, like in Noah’s ark, completely different people and animals live together in order to save their lives. And to live together in peace, we all ought to be tolerant, that is to be patient, tactful, sympathetic, altruistic, humane and well-disposed to others. A tolerant person is friendly, self-controlled, and even indulgent. A sense of humor will help, too. And of course, understanding differences and refraining from making judgments are very important.

Interviewer:        Well, these are not qualities everybody is born with. How can we learn to be tolerant?

Jenny: Actually, there are lots of ways – from ordinary to very specific ones. Getting acquainted with another culture by reading books, watching a movie, personal contact, or volunteering at a local social services organization are the most common ways. But you can also learn sign language for the hearing-impaired (deaf) or shop at ethnic grocery stores and get acquainted with their owners. The best ideas are those that work for you and your community.

A8        According to the figures Alex gives,

1) thirty percent of workers were subject to racial or ethnic discrimination

2) twenty percent heard age-related biased language

3) one third of workers witnessed racial, ethnic or sexist comments

A9        What way of getting information is NOT mentioned by Alex?

1) group meetings

2) phone interviews

3) electronic correspondence

A10        Alex considers that school documents

1) discriminate against females

2) do not show proper respect for single-parent families

3) are exclusive

A11        According to Jenny, schools nowadays

1) have not completely got rid of biased language and intolerance

2) are a place for casual bigotry and name-calling

3) cannot be the only place to come across diversity

A12        What ways of promoting tolerance in schools is NOT mentioned?

1) organizing different events

2) providing resources, for example  books, newspapers, etc.

3) introducing a subject devoted to tolerance

A13        Which qualities, according to Alex’s words, will NOT help you to become tolerant?

1) sense of humor

2) making judgements

3) love for people

A14        Which way to develop tolerance does Jenny suggest?

1) learning a foreign language

2) increasing awareness of different cultures

3) shopping in a big mall

Раздел 2. Чтение

В2. Установите соответствие между заголовками A – F и текстами 1 – 5. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A. Seek feedback and advice.

B. Follow through.

C. State your goals out loud.

D. Not an easy start.

E. Commit to learn more.

F. Eliminate prejudices in the family.

WHAT CAN I DO ABOUT MY OWN BIAS?

Confronting our own biases is a good thing; that’s one of the ways we grow. This is not a comfortable process, but the practice of examining one’s own prejudices is the first step toward diminishing or eliminating them. Here are some steps to consider:

1.        Ask family members to help you work through your biases. Families that work through these difficult emotions in healthy ways often are stronger for it.

2.        Say, “You know, I’ve really got some work to do here in order to understand why I feel and think the way I do.” Such admissions can be powerful in modeling behaviour for others.

3.        Education, exposure and awareness are key factors in moving from prejudice to understanding and acceptance. Create such opportunities for yourself.

4.        Select a date – a couple of weeks or months away – and mark it on a calendar. When the date arrives, reflect on what you’ve learned, how your behaviour has changed and what’s left to do. Reach out again for feedback on your behaviour.

B3. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A – G. Одна из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

I  LOST  PERSPECTIVE

A 45-year-old man writes:

“I was young, 1)____________. I was hanging out with a mostly male beer-drinking crowd, and sexist ‘jokes’ were one of the conversational norms. Not that it’s right to tell those kind of ‘jokes’ anywhere, 2)_____________, and I guess I lost perspective of how inappropriate they were.

So I find myself at a dinner party, not fancy, but fancier than the beer crowd I’d been used to. As an icebreaker, I tell one of those ‘jokes,’ a brutally sexist one 3)_____________. And this huge silence follows. A nervous chuckle or two among the half-dozen dinner guests, but otherwise just a big, booming silence. I felt like an idiot and didn’t even have the good sense to apologize, 4)_____________.

A new job and other life changes took me away from the beer-drinking buddies, 5)_________ – in any company. But it’s almost 20 years later, 6)____________.”

A.        that got big laughs from the boys earlier that week

B.        and I’d never tell those kinds of ‘jokes’ anymore

C.        not knowing I was in a different company

D.        but that’s not really an excuse

E.        though I was at least smart enough to stop telling ‘jokes’

F.        but I just got used to it in that crowd

G.        and I still feel a sense of shame for the awful judgment and taste I showed

Прочитайте статью и выполните задания А15 – А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Someone once said, 'I believe in everyone's right to believe in whatever they want to believe in'.

The expression may be a bit illogical, but we would all agree with the underlying outlook. Interethnic conflicts, intolerance, nationalism, human rights violations, and racism are main pressures applied on the stability of the present world. Globalization in nation state societies brings these issues to the attention of many policy makers as well as ordinary people.

My opinion is that today, tolerance is often used in reference to foreign religious beliefs as well as to more particular categories, such as discrimination against unusual sexual and social orientation.

I personally think that tolerance is also an acceptance or respect. In a wider sense, tolerance carries with it the understanding that intolerance breeds violence and social instability.

Today, we can talk about religious and political intolerance that we could see worldwide. I think that these two aspects of tolerance are the most important, since differences of political and religious ideology have led to innumerable wars and purges. While religious intolerance causes problems in many regions of the world today, and differences of political ideology caused hundreds of millions of deaths in the 20th century alone.

Well, I think that we will not understand what tolerance is if we had not already practiced intolerance! But society must be tolerant; therefore the intolerant must be tolerated, for otherwise  society would then be intolerant and so unjust.

But where does intolerance start? You won't believe it, but it starts in the home and school, as parents and teachers are the main influencers. Teachers may play a very progressive role in the process of combating intolerance and racism. My idea is that teachers organized in an international network can teach students tolerance. I think that we should have such classes as tolerance, so we can prevent any religious or political war. Because tolerant people never start wars!

Tatyana Dyachuk

A15         The author thinks that the quotation in the first paragraph

1) is completely illogical

2) is rather dubious

3) reflects the state of the world today

4) is based on some self-evident, fundamental perspectives

A16         According to the second paragraph, inter-ethnic conflicts

1) are paid attention to only by policy makers

2) are one of  the basic threats to world balance

3) worry ordinary people and are ignored by politicians

4) have arisen due to globalization

A17         According to the author’s opinion, the notion of tolerance

1) is misused today.

2) too often includes acceptance of other religions

3) is very particular because it covers discrimination issues

4) is narrowed to speak about religious, sexual and social discrimination

A18         The author’s view on tolerance

1) widens its meaning to acceptance

2) makes it equal to respect

3) compares it with intolerance

4) is connected with violence and social instability

A19         The word ‘purge’ in the fifth paragraph means

1) an armed conflict

2) an outrage

3) ridding an organization  of ‘undesirable’ people

4) putting to prison

A20         Intolerance, according to the text,

1) should not be tolerated

2) is a way to realize what tolerance means

3) is not believed to start at home or school

4) is the main concern of the international teachers’ network

A21        The best title for the article is

1) Understanding tolerance through intolerance

2) Tolerance brings stability

3) Tolerance through education

4) Tolerance in the century of globalization

Раздел 3. Лексика и грамматика

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4 – B11, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4 – B11.

IS THIS MY FAMILY?

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В12 – B18, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В12 – В18.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 – А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22 – A28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

UNESCO Prize for Children’s and Young People’s Literature in the Service of Tolerance

24-04-2003 – Today, on World Book and Copyright Day, the Director-General addressed the award ceremony of the 2003 UNESCO Prize for Children’s and Young People’s Literature in the Service of Tolerance. Mr Matsuura thanked Mr Juan de Isasa, Chairman of Grupo Editorial SM, A22_____ his company’s A23______ support for the prize. The Director-General said that, by creating the prize, UNESCO wanted “to A24_____ attention to the importance of quality content in children’s books and, by rewarding the best of them, to encourage authors and publishers to produce more A25_____ works”. This A26______ winners are Antonio Skormeta (Chile) in the category of books for children up to the age of 12 and Jenny Robson (South Africa) in the category of books for young people aged 13-18.

Mr Matsuura maintained that “books are A27_____ the best medium for sowing the seeds of tolerance, and the young mind is fertile ground for such seeds, which must be planted early if they A28______ to grow and develop”. He concluded that “if the Prize has helped to disseminate just a few more of these seeds, then we have reason to be satisfied”.

A22        1) about        2) for                3) of                4) to

A23        1) generous        2) generative        3) gentle        4) gracious

A24        1) catch        2) put                3) bring in        4) draw

A25        1) such                2) so                3) such a        4) such as

A26        1) year                2) years        3) year’s        4) yearly

A27        1) else                2) yet                3) still                4) ever

A28        1) must        2) are                3) have                4) should

Раздел 4. Письмо

С1

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

An editor of “Be Tolerant” magazine received a letter from a New Jersey woman who writes:

…My young daughter wrapped a towel around her head and said she wanted to be a terrorist for Halloween – ‘like that man down the street.’” The man is a Sikh who wears a turban for religious reasons. What do I tell my daughter?

Write an answer to the woman advising her what to tell.

In your letter

– answer her question

– ask 3 questions about her daughter

Write 100 – 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

C2

You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

In the past the roles of men and women were very clearly defined. A man supported the family, brought home food, later money. A woman took care of the children and did the housework. Now the roles of men and women have changed but still many draw a line between male and female jobs, activities, clothes, behavior, etc. and those who do not fit in with the idea of a typical man\woman, become subject to jokes, teasing and harassment.

What is your opinion? How should our society treat the ‘manly’ in women and the ‘feminine’ in men?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

– make an introduction (state the problem)

– express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

– give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it

– draw a conclusion

ОТВЕТЫ:

Часть 1. Аудирование

B1

A1 2); A2 3); A3 2); A4 1); A5 1); A6 1); A7 1); A8 3); A9 2); A10 3); A11 1); A12 3); A13 2); A14 2)

Часть 2. Чтение

B2        1. D; 2. A; 3. C; 4. E; 5. B

B3        1. D; 2. F; 3. A; 4. E; 5. B; 6. G

A15 4); A16 2); A17 4); A18 1); A19 3); A20 2); A21 3)

Часть 3. Лексика и грамматика

B4 is vacationing; B5 wants; B6 taking; B7 learned; B8 their; B9 Don’t get; B10 me; B11 confused; B12 sensitivities; B13 critically; B14 different; B15 representations; B16 homeless; B17 unfairly; B18 dealings

A22 2); A23 1); A24 4); A25 1); A26 3); A27 3); A28 2)

By Anastasia Khodakova,

Lev Tolstoy Tula State Pedagogical University

State Exam

Английский язык: тесты для подготовки к ЕГЭ

English No. 4/2012, p.47

STEREOTYPING TRAPS

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Во время выполнения теста по аудированию перед каждым заданием дана пауза с тем, чтобы вы смогли просмотреть вопросы к заданию, а также паузы после первичного и повторного предъявления аудиотекста для внесения ответов. По окончании выполнения всего раздела “Аудирование” перенесите свои ответы в бланк ответов.

Заданиe B1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1 – 6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A – G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Текст аудиозаписи

Speaker 1

When someone talks about a doctor, they will think of him as a guy in white, but most of the time that is not the case. Another example is that most people think those who go to school are always smarter than people who don’t, but really some people who don’t attend school can be just as smart. Everyone will get different pictures in their mind when talking about certain things,  because they have been influenced by different reports and opinions of those around them. Everyone resorts to stereotypical thinking sometimes so lets look at how stereotypical are your concepts.

Speaker 2

We, as humans, learn stereotyping when we are only 2 or 3 years old. We learn it from our parents, when they say,"Don't talk to strangers, they're bad." or "All candy is bad." Of course as children we listen to our parents sincerely and obediently. The stereotypes we are handed change when we start school, though. Our teacher is a stranger and we have discovered that the taste of candy is delightful. As we grow though, we build our own stereotypes about other things. Until we face the object or kind of person that has been stereotyped, our thoughts will always be the same. Stereotyping, itself, goes through phases, for once you are proven wrong, you move on to the next phase.

Speaker 3

My class and I were learning about how stereotypes are formed, and how they can be created and enlisted so easily, even if you don't really know what you are saying. I think that it’s wrong to make judgements about people you don't know and to automatically think that they are dangerous/inferior/strange. They actually might be nice or sweet, very bright or special. Even people who have tattoos or double or triple piercing on their bodies can be trustworthy, but judging by their appearance, you might jump to the conclusion that they are punks and also dangerous. Stereotyping can also be favorable; for example, if you see someone pretty, or good looking you would probably think, “Wow, he/she is so handsome/beautiful and he/she is a good person.” I think people should stick to positive stereotyping and avoid being negative.

Speaker 4

I personally don’t like stereotypes because they tend to discriminate against others and give the wrong idea about someone/thing. For example, most women in the media are particularly good-looking and have great bodies, but the average women do not. Another example: you’re walking down a street and you see a teen and he/she has wild spiky hair and is wearing ragged dark clothes, and the first thing you think is that the person is a drug dealer or a gangster, etc. However, that teenager might be kind and clever and he/she may only want to look different.

Speaker 5

There is a very popular stereotype, which is that all policemen are good people who help and protect us. I’m not saying that all cops are evil, it’s just that some police decide to break the law. Here’s something to think about, a cop would make a good criminal, and a criminal would make a good cop. That essentially means that, since cops know how police examine a crime scene, they would better know how to commit a crime, and do it in a way that police wouldn’t be able to catch them. Also, criminals know the way criminals commit crimes so they, as police, would know how to better catch them.

Speaker 6

It's extremely hard to say that stereotyping is helpful and positive because you really shouldn't form an idea about something or someone just by appearance. BUT we do it because it appears to be true to us and it makes it hard for us to believe that the idea is false. For example, all the stereotypes about a homeless person – poor, dirty, smelly, no education, beaten, torn up family, a thief – are hard to turn around. If we did believe those people were NOT those things, they wouldn't be homeless, would they? We seem to give everything a label that is 'stuck' deep in our minds and it's just very hard to get rid of them.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

A.         Stereotyping is often misleading.

B.         If all policemen were good people, there would be no criminals.

C.         We all have our own stereotypes.

D.         Good stereotypes are not that bad.

E.         We acquire stereotypical thinking at an early age through our parents.

F.         Stereotypes are made when we judge by appearance, which makes it hard us to give up our stereotypical ideas.

G.         New ideas are born when we start thinking beyond the boundaries of stereotyping.

Задания А1 – А7

Вы услышите интервью с организатором программы обмена. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1 – А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Текст аудиозаписи

A:         Every year a lot of students from different countries take part in exchange programmes. They want to learn more about other countries and improve their foreign languages. Many regions in Russia run exchange programmes for students with their sister-cities or partner-schools in Great Britain and the USA. Our guest today is Mike Rayler, senior specialist of the FLEX Programme, which is run for secondary school students aged 15–16 to study in American high school for an academic year. Hello, Mike. Can you explain to us the goals of this exchange program?

B:         Well, I am in charge of exchange programs in this part of Russia. Our programs have very distinctive goals. The first very important goal is for Russians to learn the truth about America, what America is beyond what they see on television and in films. The second, even more important goal, is for Americans to learn about Russians, to learn what real Russians are beyond the stereotypes. So the pro grams are mostly about breaking down stereotypes and preparing new generations of young Russians and Americans to live in a cooperative future world. I see it as a way of building a new bridge between the two countries.

A:         Do you have many applicants? What do students need to succeed in the selection process?

B:         We have a great many applicants for each vacancy. Of course, in order to study in the United States some knowledge of English is required, so we are looking for good students of English. But that is not the only criterion. There are several important criteria: the ability to speak English, the ability to adapt to a very different way of life and the ability to make friends easily and to represent your country. I would say you need to be flexible, outgoing, you need to have a good sense of humour.

A:         Do you think that such exchange programs are successful?

B:         If we take the earliest point of Russian-American exchange programs, I must admit there was very little give-and-take between our two countries during the Soviet period. During those years, a limited number of Americans came to Russia, mostly to Moscow and St Petersburg. But almost no Russians were able to go to the United States.

These days it's the reverse situation: many more Russians go to America to study or are involved in professional exchange programs. The programs are very successful. The desire to know more about the States is an important reason why Russian students decide to participate in the program, and in fact they do learn a lot about America and bring this knowledge back with them to Russia in order to build a better future in their own country. We'd like to think that they are taking all of the good things they learn in the States and trying to apply them to life here in Russia.

A:         Isn’t it difficult for Russian students to adapt to life in the USA?

B:         Well, of course, there are problems. We often say that students going to America feel like they are on a different planet, everything is so different: the way Americans eat, sleep, work and all the various leisure activities are so different. So there are some problems of adaptation especially with those students living with host families – people living in a new family need to get used to one another.

But I think the programs are tremendously positive for both the countries: Americans get to meet the real Russia. In the Soviet period, I think they had no idea what real Russia and real Russians were like. Today, Russian young people learn about the real America – both the good and the bad – and they apply that knowledge when they return to Russia.

A:         Thank you very much, Mike.

A1         The exchange programs are aimed at both Americans and Russians to expand their view on those countries.

1) true                2) false        3) not stated

A2         One needs an advanced knowledge of English to study in the USA.

1) true                2) false        3) not stated

A3         The most important criteria for participation in the program is your flexibility in adjusting to new culture.

1) true                2) false        3) not stated

A4         During the Soviet period the financial support for exchange programs was very limited.

1) true                2) false        3) not stated

A5         The participation in exchange programs helps young people be more successful in the future.

1) true                2) false        3) not stated

A6         Problems of adaptation can be solved through careful preparation to study and live abroad before the departure.

1) true                2) false        3) not stated

A7         The programs are worth running because both Americans and Russians get a true idea of what these countries are like.

1) true                2) false        3) not stated

Задания А8 – А14

Вы услышите лекцию о стереотипах. В заданиях А8 – А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Текст аудиозаписи

Have you ever thought of stereotypes? I say, yes. Because, they are natural. They are just a picture in your head to help you see the world. But be careful with those pictures or you can easily do harm.

Stereotypes can lead to prejudice and then to violence. For example, about six million Jews died during the Holocaust, the destruction of European Jewry by the Nazis. That was the result of prejudice based on ignorance, fear and misunderstanding. I don’t think you’ll kill anybody because of stereotypes, but you might easily offend a person. That’s why our lecture today is devoted to stereotypes.

First of all, I want to tell you about the forms of the stereotypes.

You probably all feel you know what stereotypes are, or you can recognize them when you come across them. “This is a stereotype, I hate this.” And this must be something generalized, oversimplified and referring to a group rather than to an individual. For example, stereotypes about “male” and “female” jobs in the past or even now.

But you may not know that there are three ways, in which stereotypes exist in your mind. Macre in “Foundations of Stereotypes and Stereotyping” says there are group schemas, group prototypes and exemplars.

A group schema is a group of beliefs about characteristics of a certain group. For example, Greeks are perceived as fun-loving, while English are reserved, and Russians are emotional. It’s easy to see the weak points of group schemas. Are there no quiet and calm Greeks or unemotional Russians? That’s absurd, because every individual is different. So, an oversimplified impression of a group as a whole, which a group schema is, won’t help you to understand a real person who is a member of that group. It can also be an oversimplified impression of a country. How many of you think it is cold in Russia? It’s one of the most common stereotypes connected with Russia.

A group prototype is more specific. It’s your associations and features assumed to be true of the group. Like a feature of Italians is that they are romantic. Or another example. Americans are usually associated with hamburgers, cars and white teeth. That’s a group prototype.

Exemplars are very simple. Suppose you met a specific individual from another country. Your memories connected with this person will be exemplars. Exemplars are not abstract notions, such as group schemas or group prototypes, but a memory of a specific individual you’ve met before that you then transfer to a group.

In conclusion, I want to say that stereotypes are a sort of wall you encircle yourself in to feel comfortable. But by doing this, you put others in a cage. Now when you know about the forms in which stereotypes exist in your mind – group schemas, group prototypes and exemplars – you can be more careful with generalizations and more considerate of others. You can stick a label of a stereotype on a material object to recognize it easier among others. But I hope you realized after this lecture, that labels don’t work with people. So let's break stereotypes into pieces, look beyond the wall, and keep in mind that not always, not everywhere, not everybody acts as we expect them to.

A8        You should be careful with stereotypes because

1) they are normal

2) you can offend somebody

3) you can  commit a crime

A9         The lecturer will explain

1) different kinds of stereotypes

2) how stereotypes  are formed

3) the foundations of stereotypes

A10         The negative side of a group schema is that

1) it doesn’t help you get to know the representative of a group

2) it’s too difficult to understand

3) it is connected with nationalities

A11         A group prototype is

1) an oversimplified image of the whole group

2) typical features and associations of the group

3) what you associate with the whole group

A12         Exemplars are

1) more theoretical than other kinds of stereotypes

2) personal and definite, varying from individual to individual

3) memories of specific features of a group

A13         Knowledge about stereotypes will help you to

1) get rid of stereotypes

2) be more tactful and respectful

3) feel comfortable

A14         The lecturer’s attitude to stereotypes is

1) negative

2) neutral

3) positive

Раздел 2. Чтение

Заданиe В2

Установите соответствие между заголовками A – Н и текстами 1 – 7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A.         Are Americans crazy about having a healthy lifestyle?

B.         Do all Americans have white teeth?

C.         Do Americans eat a lot?

D.         Do all Americans eat only hamburgers and cheeseburgers from McDonalds?

E.         Are there a lot of fat people in the USA?

F.         Do Americans drink alcohol?

G.        Does emancipation influence family? Is this talking about Women’s liberation???

H.         Is it true that for Americans, money is above of all values?

1.         Families with 2-4 children are very common. Very often Americans adopt children. But there are families who don't want to have children and women who prefer a career to having a family. Like everywhere else.

2.         More than 60% of Americans suffer from overweight or obesity. Snacks in the car and on the move may be the reason. Also high-calorie fast food is widespread in the U.S.: pizza, hot dogs, burgers, and Coke.

3.         Some people aspire to material success, others don’t. Very often Americans mention in conversation how much something costs, not complaining, just reporting.

4.         An American smile is a component of success. That's why the mouth cavity is taken care of. But they have dental problems like everybody. If there is a problem they go to the dentist immediately without delay. But not everybody has good medical insurance and money for a dentist.

5.         Americans take care of their physical condition and wellbeing. They prefer to spend money on keeping themselves in shape, than on doctors and medicine. Gyms, fitness-clubs, swimming-pools are never empty. People go running, jumping, roller-skating even if they are over 50. It is common sense and beneficial to health.

6.         No event or meeting goes without refreshments. Portion sizes in a restaurant are large enough for two. In city parks, on the lawns and in the gardens there are grills for cooking hot dogs and burgers.

7.         At first it seems they don’t drink much. But trips in public transport give another impression. And in a college environment there are a lot of parties with spirits, where everybody who is over 21 can drink.

Заданиe B3

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A – G. Одна из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

British School Stereotypes

In every British class there are some distinct types of pupils. We’ve identified a few of these stereotypes and we’d like to tell you all about them.

The Nerd

The nerd knows absolutely nothing about fashion, popular music or sport. They are generally excellent at Maths and Science and are usually highly intelligent. At school they are often the victim of cruel jokes or comments 1________. Nerds hate sport and they hate gym class, especially on cold winter days 2________. At home they love reading, playing computer games and surfing the net. Nerds want to be Bill Gates 3________.

The Know-It-All

The know-it-all spends class time thinking of questions to ask the teacher. They are the ones who always put their hands up first 4_________ – even if they don t know the answer. “Me! Me!” they shout until they get the teacher’s attention. They love it when they do well in exams 5________, saying things like, “Hey! Look what I got in the history exam, or didn’t you pass? I did.”

The Class Weirdo

The class weirdo is a quiet student 6_________ and never says a word. Class weirdoes spend their time in class doodling and writing ‘I hate life’ all over their books. They hate their parents and the only time they talk to them is to ask for money. Class weirdoes sometimes want to burn the school down.

A.         when they have to go out and play football

B.         when the teacher asks a question

C.         though they are to play out of doors

D.         who sits at the back of the class

E.         because of their clothes and hair

F.         and they’ll let the rest of the class know all about it

G.         when they are older

Задания А15 – А21

Прочитайте статью и выполните задания А15 – А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Stereotyping is a wall you encircle yourself with to feel comfortable. To feel you know a lot about the world. It is a sort of label you stick on a product so that you can easily recognize it among other products. It may help with material objects but it doesn't work with people.

I am from Russia. After I had spent a little more than two weeks in the United States, I clearly saw I must break the wall of my stereotypes as well as those connected with my country. It is the first thing international students have to do to get adjusted here.

Every third person I've talked to thinks it's cold in Russia. "Oh, Michigan's winter will not be a problem for you," they say. But Russia is huge, and winter there (in the south) can be very mild. I guess it can be colder in Michigan than in the part of Russia where I live.

A 17-year-old American girl I talked to was sure I drank vodka. She was really surprised that I don't. Obviously, for her Russia meant drinking vodka, though she was the one who had alcohol in the fridge. At that point, my original idea of Americans was shattered. What about underage drinking? I thought all Americans obey rules. In fact, all generalizations often lead to stereotypes.

As I flew over the ocean I thought of the ideal America. It is a country of individualists where hard work leads to success. It is a country of great opportunities where you can choose whatever you like to achieve your goal. Everything is made for a person who is strong and active and takes initiative. You have equal rights and you are free to express yourself. There are all kinds of services and automatic machines are at your disposal to make life easier, to save time and to save money.

But it turned out that my positive stereotypes were as inappropriate as negative ones. America is different, too. I could never imagine that professors could go on strike in the U.S. Half the students were late for my first class in the American university; they can not be always punctual, I guess. Americans wear high heels and short skirts; they are not that practical. My new friend was very upset the other day because she was going to move but had to wait two weeks for her apartment to be cleaned – not everybody keeps promises and sticks to deadlines here. You can use a swimming pool any time you want, but I was not able to do it during its working hours. It is open, but there is no lifeguard, so you are not allowed to swim.

I guess I wanted America to be perfect, but it is “human”. So let's break stereotypes into pieces, look outside the wall, and keep in mind that not always, not everywhere, not everybody acts as we expect them to.

A15         The author thinks that stereotyping is

1) a remedy that makes you feel better

2) a refuge to hide from yourself

3) a cage you can’t open

4) a label to categorize reality

A16         Stereotyping

1) is always negative

2) is appropriate when we talk about things

3) is suitable for interpersonal relationships

4) is necessary to label commercial products

A17         According to the second paragraph

1) internationals should only get rid of their stereotypes to get used to the U.S. academic environment

2) every international student has stereotypes about America

3) all Russians in the U.S. come across stereotypes about their country

4) breaking stereotypes about your own country isn’t enough

A18         The author’s stereotype concerning America was that

1) Americans respect the law

2) Americans associate Russia with vodka

3) drinking alcohol in the U.S. is allowed only after you are 18

4) Americans keep alcohol in the refridgerator

A19         Anticipating his\her stay in the U.S., the author saw America as

1) a country where lucky individuals can be a success

2) a perfect country for self-realization

3) a free country with a focus on group rather than on an individual

4) a country with a variety of opptunities for unambitious people

A20         What stereotype did the author NOT have?

1) Americans do not wear uncomfortable clothes

2) high school teachers are well-paid in the U.S. and don’t go on strike

3) institutions, shops, etc. are always open during their working hours

4) Americans are always on time

A21         In the end, the author states that

1) America is inhabited by humans

2) stereotypes are pieces that we keep in mind

3) America is not ideal like any other country

4) America didn’t live up to his/her expectations

Раздел 3. Лексика и грамматика

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4 – B11, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4 – B11.

A SCHOLAR'S VIEW ON NATIONAL STEREOTYPES

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В12 – B18, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В12 – В18.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами A22 – A28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22 – A28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

STEREOTYPING IS STEREOTYPING

“Two co-workers, one of whom is deaf, are asked to meet with an executive from another firm. They go to the other man’s office, and a sign-language interpreter A22______ them. The executive chooses to face the interpreter, speaking to him, not A23______ at or acknowledging the employee who is deaf.

“A woman writes, “A good-hearted liberal co-worker A24______ comments at staff meetings like, ‘All Republicans are stupid,’ or, ‘All Republicans are this,’ or ‘All Republicans are that.’ I’m a Democrat who agrees A25_____ her politics, but I think those comments are as offensive as someone saying ‘All immigrants are lazy’ or ‘All Irish people are drunks.’ Stereotyping is stereotyping. Short of saying, ‘Some of my best friends are Republicans,’ what can I do?”

SPEAKING UP

Meetings often involve people from different parts of a company or with different roles within a company. When those differences dissolve into bigoted exchanges, both the work and workplace relations suffer. Try these responses:

Seize the moment. With the interpreter, the colleague said, “I hate to interrupt, but just as a matter of practice, you A26_____ look at the person you’re talking to, not the interpreter.”

Address the issue privately. A27_____ the coworker aside and gently explain what you find offensive: “You know, you’re giving Democrats a bad name when you make sweeping generalizations about Republicans.”

Check in with the meeting leader. If you are uncomfortable dealing with the speaker directly, consider speaking with the person who called the meeting. Set expectations or ground rules A28____ to the next meeting.

A22        1) accompanies        2) brings                3) fetches        4) is gone with

A23        1) glancing                2) looking                3) staring        4) watching

A24        1) does                        2) makes                3) finds        4) gives

A25        1) about                2) to                        3) on                4) with

A26        1) should                2) would                3) could        4) ought

A27        1) Get                        2) Bring                3) Put                4) Take

A28        1) in front of                2) beforehand                3) prior        4) before

Раздел 4. Письмо

Заданиe С1

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your friend who is visiting Germany:

…I found that what I read about these people and learned about their culture is only partially true. It’s true that most of Germans I met are industrious and scientifically-minded, but at the same time there are lazy students here and those who are very good at arts. Do you have any stereotypes about Germany and its people?…

…I met a very nice family here in Munich and they asked me to stay with them for a week.

Write a letter to your friend.

In your letter

– answer his\her questions

– ask 3 questions about the family he\she met

Write 100 – 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Заданиe C2

You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

Some people believe that our nationality determines the way we think. Others, however, argue that way of thinking is determined by personal rather than national characteristics.

What is your opinion? Which point of view do you find more convincing?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

– make an introduction (state the problem)

– give arguments ‘for’

– give arguments ‘against’

– give your opinion and explain why you think so

DIVERSITY CORNER

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Во время выполнения теста по аудированию перед каждым заданием дана пауза с тем, чтобы вы смогли просмотреть вопросы к заданию, а также паузы после первичного и повторного предъявления аудиотекста для внесения ответов. По окончании выполнения всего раздела “Аудирование” перенесите свои ответы в бланк ответов.

Заданиe B1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1 – 6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A – G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Текст аудиозаписи

Speaker 1

My name is Mag and I live in Toronto. Just because people are free to cross the border does not mean that Canada and the USA behave as one country. There are many differences between us. Guns are very common in the States; in Canada they are tightly controlled. Canada has a state health system that cares for everyone; In America most health care is private. The border is not as invisible as it seems.

Speaker 2

Hi! I am Andreas. I’m one of the 600,000 Portuguese-speakers here in South Africa. My family originally lived in Angola, which was a Portuguese colony. They came to South Africa when the Portuguese left and Angola became independent. We follow all our Portuguese traditions, but I personally regard myself as very South African. I love carnival parades on New Year’s Day.

What I like about Cape Town is that there is no discrimination against minority races. Portuguese, Greek, Italian, Chinese, and Jewish communities coexist peacefully and celebrate their own  festivals.

Speaker 3

My name is Namrata. I work as an advertising manager and for my career, Bombay is the city to be in. I speak Marathi, the local language, Hindi and English. At home, we usually use Marathi and English. At work, we talk to one another in any, or all of the three languages. Everyone in my family speaks English, many Indians do. I like this variety of languages; sometimes I can’t find a word in one language, then I use a word from the other, and everybody understands me!

Speaker 4

The Malaysian experience is endless in its variety, and that is our strength. We are a “fruitcake” of a society. Any talk of a national culture smacks of jingoism. It means that every work of art has to be something for the cultural museum. No matter what our ethnic or linguistic background, we each have our own story to tell, and we are entitled to tell it in our own way. We should preserve our national identity and find deep inspiration in our uniqueness.

Speaker 5

We keep talking about youth, youth as a single group, youth as a united front. But in reality, the term youth covers a HUGE expanse. Among us, some are differently-abled. Some use drugs. Some have very little money. Some have committed crimes. Some live in rural and remote communities. Some are stopped at airports. Some don’t have access to information about international conferences. I’m getting at the idea that youth are just as diverse as the general population.

Speaker 6

India is often called the land of "unity with diversity". I saw why with my own eyes. I am a regular visitor to the local church. Last month this chruch played host to an unusual wedding. The groom was a South Indian Christain (Hindu converted to Christainty and yet following some Hindu rituals) and the bride was a Muslim. So there was a customary wedding procession (like in Hindu weddings on a horse back), the bride wore a sari instead of a wedding gown and applied mehndi or hina to both hands and feet. I stayed back to see the wedding. Garlands were exchanged along with rings. Then some Hindu rituals were also performed. After the Christian wedding, both parties moved to the bride's house to solmanise a Nikaah.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

A.        I like being part of two cultures.

B.         I saw diversity in the combinations of religious rituals.

C.         We are diverse at least because we have different opportunities.

D.         People are different in spite of their similarities.

E.         Diversity helps me express my thoughts.

F.         National identity is connected with borders.

G.         Diversity is one of our major advantages.

Задания А1 – А7

Вы услышите рассказ о трудностях, с которыми столкнулась Анна Моррис в Новой Зеландии. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1 – А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Текст аудиозаписи

Interviewer:        Dale, you are a New Zealander but your wife’s English, isn’t she?

Dale:        That’s right.

Interviewer: I was wondering if I could ask you a few questions about how she feels living so far away from home.

Dale:        Sure. Go ahead.

Interviewer:         Could you tell us, first of all, if there are any problems she’s had?

Dale:         Problems? Well, missing her family, I guess, that’ll be the first thing, her family and friends. I’ve always felt rather guilty about taking her away, if you like. But we had to live in one country or the other and this is where the work is. Of course, she writes every week and it’s easy to telephone. Though she says she still finds it strange ringing up at eleven in the morning here and it’s eleven at night there.

Interviewer:         Yes, I can see that. Ah, what other differences has she talked about?

Dale:         Well, mostly little things. She says that driving around in England, the villages and towns are so close together and it’s easy to find yourself in a traffic jam. Whereas here you have miles of empty roads and lots of space between places. Driving is so much easier and less stressful. Another thing. In England the houses tend to be small and expensive. Here there’s so much space you can build your own just how you want it. When Anna wanted a new house, I just built one for her.

Interviewer:         Really? You went and built her a house, just like that?

Dale:         Yeh, sure, I am a builder.

Interviewer:         Oh, all right.

Dale:         And Christmas, now, Christmas was very strange for her at first. You see, she is used to waiting up Chrismas morning to freezing cold weather. And here we pack up a picnic at it for the beach. So we have a second Christmas in June when the weather is cold, just for her.

Interviewer:         So, that’s an advantage then. Two Christmases in New Zealand.

Dale:         Definitely, a big plus.

Interviewer:         Ok, so what’s the worst thing she finds about being married to a Kiwi?

Dale:         Oh, that’s easy. Sport. When the big games run, you know, rugby or cricket or whatever – that’s it.  Anna calls herself a “sports widow”.

Interviewer:         Oh really, a sports widow?

Dale:         Yes, you see, when the sport’s on, I am in front of the TV with my mates and a couple of beers and I’m happy. She says she could run off and I’d never notice. Well, not until the game is finished anyway.

A1         Dale and Anna live in New Zealand because they have jobs there.

1) true         2) false         3) not stated

A2         Anna calls her family every week.

1) true         2) false         3) not stated

A3         Driving in New Zealand is more complicated.

1) true         2) false         3) not stated

A4         Dale built his wife a house because buying a house is very expensive.

1) true         2) false         3) not stated

A5         They don’t decorate a Christmas tree because they have a picnic.

1) true         2) false         3) not stated

A6         Many families in New Zealand have a second Christmas in June when the weather is cold.

1) true         2) false         3) not stated

A7         Anna likes sport as much as her husband.

1) true         2) false         3) not stated

Задания А8 – А14

Вы услышите лекцию об исчезающих языках. В заданиях А8 – А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Текст аудиозаписи

David Crystal: A language dies only when the last person who speaks it dies. One day it's there; the next it is gone. Here is how it happens. In late 1995, a linguist, Bruce Connell, was doing some field work in the Mambila region of Cameroon. He found a language called Kasabe, which no westerner had studied before. It had just one speaker left, a man called Bogon. Connell had no time on that visit to find out much about the language, so he decided to return to Cameroon a year later. He arrived in mid-November, only to learn that Bogon had died on November 5.

There is nothing unusual about a single language dying. Communities have come and gone throughout history, taking their languages with them. But what is happening today is extraordinary. It is language extinction on a massive scale. According to the best estimates, there are now about 6,000 languages in the world. Of these, about half are going to die out during the next century. This means that, on average, there is a language dying out somewhere in the world every two weeks or so. Even a language with 100,000 speakers is not necessarily safe. It will not die next week or next year; but there is no guarantee that it will still exist in a couple of generations’ time.

Many things can kill a language, from natural disasters to cultural assimilation and genocide.  However, there are three conditions necessary for a language to survive: the community itself must want to save its language; the larger culture of which it is a part needs to have a respect for minority languages; there needs to be a budget for courses, materials and teachers.

Is language death such a disaster? Surely, you might say, it is simply a symptom of more people willing to improve their lives by joining the modern world. So long as a few hundred or even a couple of thousand languages survive, that is enough. No, it is not. We should care about dying languages for the same reason that we care when a species of animal or plant dies. It reduces the diversity of our planet, which is the key to our survival. In the case of language, we are talking about intellectual and cultural diversity, not biological diversity, but the issues are the same. Languages are like people, in one way, but in another way they are not like people at all. When people die, they leave signs of their presence in the world, their archaeology.  But spoken language leaves no archaeology. For, when a language dies, which has never been written down, it is as if it has never been.

A8         The Kasabe language died

1) with the man called Bogon

2) when Bruce Connel came to Cameroon

3) in mid-November

A9         Language death is

1) a natural phenomenon

2) hardly connected with the history of communities

3) a common thing in history when we speak about a single language

A10         The figures tell us that

1) 3000 languages are going to die in the next century

2) in the next century a language will die out every two weeks

3) 100,000 languages will die in a couple of generations’ time

A11         Among the reasons that kill a language Crystal does NOT mention

1) natural forces

2) deliberate killing of people

3) mass diseases

A12         What conditions of a survival of a language are NOT mentioned?

1) people’s desire

2) cultural assimilation

3) financial support

A13         We should stop languages dying

1) to help more people join the modern world

2) to preserve intellectual diversity of our planet

3) because only a couple of thousand languages is enough for our survival

A14         What is different about language extinction?

1) no traces of a spoken language are left  

2) languages are like people

3) languages cannot be saved by archaeology

Раздел 2. Чтение

Заданиe В2 

Установите соответствие между заголовками A – Н и текстами 1 – 7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A.         Cultural heritage as the wellspring of creativity

B.         Creativity thrives on cultural tradition

C.         Human rights as guarantees of cultural diversity

D.         Cultural diversity as a factor in development

E.         Building partnerships between the public sector, the private sector and civil society

F.         Cultural diversity: the common heritage of humanity

G.         Cultural goods and services: commodities of a unique kind

H.         Towards access for all to cultural diversity

UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity

1.         Culture takes diverse forms across time and space. As a source of exchange, innovation and creativity, cultural diversity is as necessary for humankind as biodiversity is for nature. In this sense, it should be recognized and affirmed for the benefit of present and future generations.

2.         Cultural diversity widens the range of options open to everyone; it is one of the roots of progress, understood not simply in terms of economic growth, but also as a means to achieve a more satisfactory intellectual, emotional, moral and spiritual existence.

3.         The defence of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative, inseparable from respect for human dignity. It implies a commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular the rights of persons belonging to minorities and those of indigenous peoples.

4.         While ensuring the free flow of ideas by word and image, care should be exercised so that all cultures can express themselves and make themselves known. Freedom of expression, media pluralism, multilingualism, equal access to art and to scientific and technological knowledge, including in digital form, and the possibility for all cultures to have access to the means of expression and dissemination are the guarantees of cultural diversity.

5.         Creation draws on the roots of cultural tradition, but flourishes in contact with other cultures. For this reason, heritage in all its forms must be preserved, enhanced and handed on to future generations as a record of human experience and aspirations, so as to foster creativity in all its diversity and to inspire genuine dialogue among cultures.

6.         Market forces alone cannot guarantee the preservation and promotion of cultural diversity, which is the key to sustainable human development. From this perspective, the pre-eminence of public policy, in partnership with the private sector and civil society, must be reaffirmed.

7.         Particular attention must be paid to the diversity of the supply of creative work, to due recognition of the rights of authors and artists and to the specificity of cultural goods and services which, as vectors of identity, values and meaning, must not be treated as mere commodities or consumer goods.

Заданиe B3

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A – G. Одна из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

The World´s cultural diversity

In 1908 Israel Zangwill first staged his play 1___________________. David Quixano has survived a pogrom (form of riot targeting a particular group), 2__________________, and he wishes to forget this horrible event. He composes an "American Symphony" and wants to look forward to a society free of ethnic divisions and hatred, 3________________. The name of the play is “Melting Pot.” It did great 4__________, and was even praised by President Theodore Roosevelt.

The idea of "melting" as a metaphor for ethnic assimilation had been used before but Zangwill was the first to use the term "melting pot" as a symbol for this occurrence in American society.

The melting pot refers to the way 5______________________, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures, races and religions) are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society.

The diversity of human culture is infinite. Ethnologue, a web encyclopedia that plans to catalogue all the worlds’ living languages, has already posted data of 6,912 different languages. Cultures and races fall into a comparable number.

Cultural diversity undoubtedly makes our society successful! It brings new ideas and ways of blending thoughts and ideas into something greater than the original. Great art, literature and science all came about 6_________________.

By Luiz Pagano

A.         rather than backward at his traumatic past

B.         when it opened

C.         which depicts the life of a Russian-Jewish immigrant family

D.         when cultures melted in the cooking pot

E.         which killed his mother and sister

F.         in which different cultures disperse

G.         in which homogeneous societies interact

Задания А15 – А21

Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15 – А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Canada

My name is Amani Obeid, and I am a Muslim Palestinian. I immigrated to Canada nine years ago in 1993. Today, I am proud and blessed to be a Canadian. Many ask “Why?” The answer is simple: I live in a truly unique country. I live in the country where multiculturalism is encompassed within a bilingual framework. Nowadays, many question the concept of the multiculturalism-bilingualism duo. I am one of millions who immigrated to Canada, and appreciate the numerous benefits of Canada’s multicultural diversity and bilingualism.

Canada blends its multiculturalism within its bilingual policy; where the French and English languages are used in harmony. Linguistic duality not only benefits Canada economically, but also socially. It promotes the use of the two official languages, which has a domino effect on other Canadians of different backgrounds and encourages them to continue preserving their own language.

Therefore, Canada’s bilingual policy leads to multilingualism, which again, adds to its multicultural diversity. When I came to Canada, I only spoke Arabic and was eager to learn English when I entered the Canadian public school system. My parents continued to encourage my siblings and me to speak Arabic at home. Within a year, our household’s official languages were Arabic and English. However, I have always had a passion for the French language that is why I enrolled in a French Immersion school in seventh grade. I continued throughout my entire high school career and have mastered the French language. Today, I can proudly say that I am officially trilingual; speaking Arabic, English as well as le français.

It has been ten years since I immigrated to Canada and I have benefited greatly from it. I became trilingual, speaking Arabic as well as the two official languages of Canada. Now, I have friends from Mexico, Trinidad, the Ukraine and Russia. I have become a person who truly appreciates Canada’s multiculturalism and bilingualism.

By Amani Obeid 

A15         Amani is proud to be a Canadian because

1) Canada is more developed than his native country

2) people speak three different languages in Canada

3) there you can experience different cultures simultaneously

4) God blessed this country with uniqueness

A16         The author considers that coexistence of the two languages in Canada

1) constitutes the economic power of the country

2) has a positive  influence on society

3) causes economic and social problems

4) is not profitable for the economy of the country, but is very valuable for society

A17         The author mentions the “domino effect”in the second paragraph

1) to illustrate the benefits of bilingualism

2) to compare the use of English and French with other languages

3) to say that Canadians want to preserve their own language, either English or French

4) to prove that English and French are dominant languages

A18         According to the text, multicultural diversity

1) is a result of both English and French being official languages

2) is supressed by the dominance of the English- and French-speaking population

3) is scarcely connected with bilingualism

4) is an addition to the bilingual policy

A19         What was Amani’s parents’ attitude to his learning English?

1) They prevented him from learning English.

2) They wanted him to master his English.

3) Amani was forbidden to speak English at home.

4) They didn’t mind him learning English, but wanted to preserve their native language.

A20         Which of the following is not true?

1) Amani speaks Arabic and English at home.

2) Amani had to learn French when he went to a French Immersion school

3) It took Amani more time to learn French than English.

4) Amani speaks three languages equally well.

A21         According to the last paragraph,

1) Amani makes profit while living in Canada

2) He would have never learned English unless he had gone to Canada

3) Immigration to Canada allowed Amani to get acquainted  with people from all over the world

4) Having lived in Canada for ten years, Amani still appreciates his native culture more  than others

Раздел 3. Лексика и грамматика

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4 – B11, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию и

з группы B4 – B11.

World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В12 – B17, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В12 – В17.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 – А30. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22 – A30, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Culture & Identity

Defining culture is no easy A22_____ because it means many different things to many people. There are easily A23_____ many definitions of ‘culture’ as there are cultures in the world!

Some anthropologists consider culture to be social behavior. To others, things such as dance, music, theatre, and fashion constitute culture; and A24____ others believe that no object A25_____ be culture. Culture as defined by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is, “the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group and that it encompasses in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.”

The common A26_____ among anthropologists, social theorists and regular citizens is that culture is learned, shared, and integral to an individual or group’s sense of identity. Cultural identity is the feeling of belonging to a certain group or society. A27_____ a cultural group is united because members A28_____ the same norms, some argue that they only know what unites them after contact with other cultures, and that difference is what shapes identity. Simply  A29_____, you define what you are by what you are not.

Cultural diversity must be preserved and promoted, as the lack of knowledge, appreciation and understanding of other cultures often causes conflict and hate between people. One threat to cultural diversity is cultural imperialism where, in an era of globalization, one dominant culture overpowers others and is seen as advanced and superior. A30____ believe that Western culture dominates all other cultures in the world today.

Taken from http://issues.takingitglobal.org/culture

A22        1) mission                2) aim                        3) task                        4) problem

A23        1) far                        2) as                        3) so                        4) very

A24        1) however                2) yet                        3) though                4) besides

A25        1) should                2) is able                3) would                4) can

A26        1) land                        2) point                3) side                        4) ground

A27        1) Although                 2) Nevertheless         3) As                         4) As though

A28        1) divide                2) adhere                 3) share                 4) follow with

A29        1) said                         2) put                         3) told                        4) brought

A30        1) Many                2) The many                3) The many of them        4) A most of people

Раздел 4. Письмо

Заданиe С1

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Steve who writes:

… At school we are doing projects on cultural and ethnic diversity. Could you tell me if Russia is a multinational country? What ethnic groups are there in Russia? What is specific about their culture?

As for family news, my sister got married last week…

Write a letter to Steve.

In your letter

– answer his questions

– ask 3 questions about his sister’s husband

Write 100 – 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Заданиe C2

You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that in the period of the Soviet Union, ethnic diversity was more respected and people belonging to different ethnic groups lived in peace with one another. However, young Russians nowadays have many more opportunities to travel, learn and appreciate other cultures.

What is your opinion? Which point of view do you find more convincing?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

– make an introduction (state the problem)

– express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

– give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it

– draw a conclusion

CULTURAL SHAKE

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Во время выполнения теста по аудированию перед каждым заданием дана пауза с тем, чтобы вы смогли просмотреть вопросы к заданию, а также паузы после первичного и повторного предъявления аудиотекста для внесения ответов. По окончании выполнения всего раздела “Аудирование” перенесите свои ответы в бланк ответов.

Заданиe B1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1 – 6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A – G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Текст аудиозаписи

Speaker 1

Well, I suppose you could say I come from the home of English. Oh, sorry, my name is Alec. The city where I live has a very famous university which has English exams that people do all over the world. It’s a very old city and it has some really beautiful buildings. We call my accent BBC English, you know, it’s the accent you hear on BBC radio and television.

Speaker 2

Hello, my name is Rajiv. My country is a very big country and a lot of people live here. Although we have a long history, we’ve only been an independent nation since 1947. Before that, we were ruled by the British. Now, we are the biggest democracy in the world. The most famous person from my city was Mother Teresa. We miss her a lot.

Speaker 3

Hi! I am Caroline. My country is way down south. We call it “down under.” Not many people live there, so we are famous for our outdoor life, sports, animals and all that stuff. I get really annoyed with people who say we have no culture. My city has both the most beautiful harbour and the most beautiful Opera House in the world. It’s an Olympic city now, too.

Speaker 4

I live in the capital city of my island. You know, we’ve been blessed with many things – beautiful seas, wonderful beaches and great weather. A lot of tourists come to the island to relax. The tourist industry is very important to us and a lot of people work in local hotels and restaurants. When the working day is over, there is nothing better than relaxing on the beach or listening to a concert or something our island is world-famous for – regga music. Oh, my name is Desmond, by the way.

Speaker 5

My country is often called the Emerald Isle and it’s a popular place for quiet, rural holidays in our green fields. We are also famous for our racehorses. I live in the capital city, which is also the financial center of the country. My city is the venue for the largest of the parades of bands and floats on St Patrick’s Day, our patron saint. We have a huge music venue down at the docks. The Point, it’s called. That’s where we do the Eurovision Song Contest. It’s a great city to live in. You are sure to feel at home here, no matter where you are from.

Speaker 6

Stephen Leacock, our famous humorist, once said that life here consisted of preparing for winter, enduring winter and recovering from winter. Winter is when people go underground to shop. My city has huge indoor and underground shopping malls. When it is cold outside you can go to a mall and shop, see a movie or have a meal without going outside. But when it is not cold, it can be surprisingly hot. My city in summer can be 35°C and very humid. It’s the largest city of my country and stands on Lake Ontario, one of the Great Lakes, you know. We are very cosmopolitan and international here and actually very friendly to immigrants.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)

Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)

This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.

A. My country has lots of visitors. Our economy highly depends on them because many people are engaged in different services.

B. I live on a beautiful island among open, hospitable and hard-working people.

C. I live in a historic city which has deep academic roots.

D. Though the climate here is severe, people come to my city from all over the world.

E. My country is not densely populated but has rich natural world. And my city is characterised by picturesque scenery as well as nice architecture.

F. My country’s main industry is horse-breeding because we have luxurious grass pastures. And you’ll love my city if you’re a music fan. 

G.We became a sovereign state a little more than sixty years ago.

Задания А1 – А7

Вы услышите разговор двух друзей в эфиопском ресторане. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1 – А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Текст аудиозаписи

Biniam:         Do you like it here, Nancy?

Nancy:         Yes, it’s very nice and cosy in here. I love the national colouring of the interior. This white dress with red ornament on the wall and the traditional textiles are simply wonderful. And I enjoy the music. Is this a national melody, too?

Biniam:         You are right. It’s music from back home. And these small round tables in the corner are original hand-made African tables.

Nancy:         Are you kidding? Then, it’s just like little Africa in here.

Biniam:         Exactly. That’s why I come here every week. That’s a sort of way to feel at home for me in America. Besides, the food is very close to Eritrean, my national cuisine.

Nancy:         What do the pictures on the walls show? It seems like they are episodes of one story.

Biniam:         They depict African culture as well. The woman here is making injera, the national Ethiopian bread. It takes two or three days to make the dough for injera, but injera is very important because it accompanies every dish. But you’ll see it yourself in a minute. Oh, here is our order.

Nancy:         It looks very unusual. Is all the food served on such big round plates?

Biniam:         Yes, and on a piece of injera. What are you looking for?

Nancy:         I can’t find my fork anywhere.

Biniam: Hm, there was no fork, Nancy, and no spoon as well.

Nancy: Oh, well… Is it the ‘surprise’ you were talking about? How should I eat then? With my fingers?

Biniam:         Exactly. You can use a piece of injera to help you. Do you think you can cope with it?

Nancy:         Let’s try. Uhmmm, that’s nice. Actually, that makes you feel cosy ‘cause you forget about formalities.

Biniam:         Do you like the food?

Nancy:         Yes, it’s a bit unusual, but very tasty. And this injera is simply delicious. Is there any special way in which the vegetables are cooked?

Biniam:         I am sure they stick to Ethiopian cooking traditions, though they have to work hard to make the authentic food.

Nancy:         Will we have coffee afterwards?

Biniam:         Are you ready to wait a couple of hours?

Nancy:         Why so long?

Biniam:         The thing is they don’t serve typical American coffee here, which is a mix of a sweetener, cream and regular or decaf liquid from a coffee machine. In Ethiopian culture people value the taste, not the time. This reastaurant is famous for its coffee ceremonies. The waiter roasts coffee beans and then takes them around for everybody to smell the aroma. There is also a belief that the smell of freshly roasted coffee beans takes the evil spirits away. After that they ground the beans without any electronic device and brew coffee in hand-made clay pots called gebena. Coffee is very strong and you should have it in rounds or ‘stages’. There are four rounds and after every round the water is added to the pot.

Nancy:         It’s hard to imagine anything like this in the U.S. culture with our crazy pace of life.

Biniam:         Do you still want to have coffee?

Nancy:         Not now. But next time I definitely will.

A1         The textiles on the walls were made in Africa.

1) true                 2) false         3) not stated

A2         Biniam is a regular customer at the restaurant.

1) true                 2) false         3) not stated

A3         Every dish is served without plates on a round piece of injera.

1) true                 2) false         3) not stated

A4         Biniam didn’t tell Nancy in advance that no cutlery was served in the restaurant.

1) true                 2) false         3) not stated

A5         Eating with one’s fingers makes food tastier.

1) true                 2) false         3) not stated

A6         Nancy and Biniam ordered coffee.

1) true                 2) false         3) not stated

A7         Coffee ceremonies in the restaurant do not fit in with the U.S. culture.

1) true                 2) false         3) not stated

Задания А8 – А14

Вы услышите интервью с организатором интернационального фестиваля “Гармония цвета”. В заданиях А8 – А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Текст аудиозаписи

Interviewer:         The annual cultural celebration "Colours in Harmony" was held yesterday at Eastern Michigan University. This was the seventh time the International Student Association put together a long-prepared event, once again bringing campus and community organizations together. Stephanie Haslam was the person who put a lot of effort into the organization of this event. What can you say, Stephanie, now that all your worries are behind you?

Stephanie:         I am happy that all the hard work and sacrifice paid off, finally. Although we expected to have more people turnout, nevertheless, the evening couldn't have been any better. I think everybody felt this, smiling at the simple movements of the Chinese kids from Ann Arbor's Chinese dancing school or beating out the contagious Latin rhythm of salsa music.

Interviewer:         Is it true that all songs were performed in native languages?

Stephanie:         Yes, that’s right. There were 15 different performances, representing 11 different countries, all on one American stage of the multinational University. Different languages didn't hinder understanding though, but shone through in a variety of voices. The excellence of the performances told the audience if the song was welcoming the rain or revealing a Chinese love story.

Interviewer:         How did you choose models for the fashion show?

Stephanie:         The models were students, staff, faculty and family of ISA members. All the models in the fashion show wore clothes of other nationalities. That's where colours and nations blended in harmony. We had a German guy wearing a Japanese kimono and a Tajik whose  luxuriant hair framed Vietnamese attire. One of the innovations in this year's "Colours in Harmony" was the slide show to complement the models on stage. Guey-Meei Yang, an assistant professor of fine arts, combined the class project with the world's showcase. The students spent the semester researching the countries' cultures while preparing the slides for the fashion show.

Interviewer:         Were you nervous, Stephanie?

Stephanie:         I should say so, yes. When I was giving the final instructions, I stood on a chair trying to speak louder than my multinational models. With “x”s on the floor, the path required them to count before turning, smile, pose, and show… I hope my last-minute nervousness didn't prevent me from being professional, because I wanted to make my volunteer models as professional as possible.

Interviewer:         Were there any other innovations this year?

Stephanie:         Besides the slide show, the other new thing in this year's performance was that all the sales proceeds went to the EMU Tsunami Relief that will be donated to the UNICEF-Tsunami Relief Fund.

Interviewer:         So "Colours in Harmony" try to harmonize not only the life of the EMU community. A worthy goal makes the means of achieving it even better and more colorful.

Stephanie:         I believe so.

A8         The performance was organized by

1) Eastern Michigan University

2) International Students Association

3) campus and community organizations

A9         Stephanie considered that the celebration

1) went off very well

2) could be better if more people had turned up

3) was successful because many people showed up

A10         How many international voices sounded from the American stage?

1) fifteen

2) eleven

3) the definite number is not mentioned

A11         The preparation of the fashion show  

1) involved cultural studies

2) took two semesters

3) depended on the search of the models

A12         The slideshow

1) went before the models

2) was the background for the models

3) was a separate showcase

A13         Before the fashion show, Stephanie was

1) scared

2) anxious

3) upset

A14         This year’s performance

1) was sponsored by UNICEF

2) was intended for charity purposes

3) advertised the EMU Tsunami Relief

Раздел 2. Чтение

Заданиe В2

Установите соответствие между заголовками A – Н и абзацами 1 – 7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

A.         A ‘beat’ of diversity

B.         On the other side of the wall

C.         An amazing discovery

D.         The choice is yours

E.         Cultural blindness

F.         Learning to paint by yourself

G.         Achieving the same aim

H.         Unexpected reward

1.         I came to America with a Russian soul, to tell Americans about "the mysterious Russian soul" and began desperately searching for the American soul at Eastern Michigan University. What I found, though, was not a rainbow of all nations, not even a modern desktop colour palette, but all the hints and shades of life mixed together.

2.         Cultural and ethnical diversity make this country one painted by millions of brushes, and I feel pity for those who do not realize it. But there are people who do not see the beauty of colours, and there are Americans who keep away from diverse environments.

3.         In my home university in Russia, I saw only a group of Chinese students, who hang out together and lived their own Chinese life, staying away from the bulk of Russians. I saw them playing soccer in front of the dorm, hurrying downstairs, hiding their chins in the collars of their jackets. I heard professors complain about their poor Russian and watched staff in the cafeteria irritated at their inability to ask what they wanted. For me, it was more of a view from the outside, a drawing by a 3-year-old child with two blots of different colors.

4.         But a rainbow of nations cautiously showed itself to me at Eastern Michigan University. Before most students arrived, the campus was empty except for the international students who usually come in advance. After an outpouring of emotions and first impressions, I found myself playing volleyball with people from all over the world.

5.         Every year at Eastern Michigan, students organize an International Week full of cultural events, such as playing African drums. A drum is not just an animal skin on a wooden frame; it's a magic brush to colour American reality with a shade of diversity. And what is most important, anybody could be a wizard.

6.         Such events help develop a further interest in other cultures. I am glad this was not an exception in my university, but rather a rule. There were at least 15 international student organizations at EMU; their names were widespread on the world map, but their goals had much in common. All of them were painters, though they probably didn't go to art school.

7.         It’s up to students to decide whether to get involved with eyes wide-open or to stay away with curtains firmly drawn together. I chose picturesque diversity, but others may be happy with "iron" monotony. We can paint our life the way we want. Even if you are a fan of black and white, why not try other colors first, especially when America offers all the hints and shades of life mixed together.

Заданиe B3

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A – G. Одна из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу. 

The Canadian Mosaic

Canada has a reputation for being a mosaic of world cultures, 1_______________. In the early days in the eastern provinces, settlers were forced to form mixed-race, multilingual communities 2__________________.

3______________________, there was so much space that Ukrainians, Germans, Poles and many other national and religious groups were able to form their own separate communities. They kept their own cultures and languages. There are still communities today 4________________. The Hutterites, 5__________________, originally came from Russia. They still dress traditionally and farm communal land.

The latest groups to arrive are people from China, Hong Kong and other parts of the Pacific Rim. They have brought Asian cultures and business connections to Canada, 6_____________________________.

C. Goodwright and J. Olearski. In the English-Speaking World

A.         who live on the Prairies

B.         which until recently looked mainly to Europe and the United States

C.         who keep Canadian traditions

D.         in contrast to the USA's melting pot image

E.         when the west of Canada was opened up

F.         where English is a second language

G.         because farms were small and good land was scarce

Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15 – А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Notes on the English Character

...It is not that the Englishman can't feel – it is that he is afraid to feel. He has been taught at his public school that feeling is bad form. He must not express great joy or sorrow, or even open his mouth too wide when he talks – his pipe might fall out if he did. He must bottle up his emotions, or let them out only on a very special occasion.

Once upon a time (this is an anecdote) I went for a week's holiday on the Continent with an Indian friend. We both enjoyed ourselves and were sorry when the week was over, but on parting our behaviour was absolutely different. He was plunged in despair. He felt that because the holiday was over, all happiness was over until the world ended. He could not express his sorrow enough. But in me the Englishman came out strong. I reflected that we should meet again in a month or two, and could write in the interval if we had anything to say; and under these circumstances I could not see what there was to make a fuss about. It wasn't as if we were parting forever or dying. "Buck up," I said, "do buck up." He refused to buck up, and I left him plunged in gloom.

The conclusion of the anecdote is even more instructive. For when we met the next month, our conversation threw a good deal of light on the English character. I began by scolding my friend. I told him that he had been wrong to feel and display so much emotion upon so slight an occasion; that it was inappropriate. The word "inappropriate" roused him to fury. "What?" he cried. "Do you measure out your emotions as if they were potatoes?" I did not like the simile of the potatoes, but after a moment's reflection I said, "Yes, I do; and what's more, I think I ought to. A small occasion demands a little emotion, just as a large occasion demands a great one. I would like my emotions to be appropriate. This may be measuring them like potatoes, but it is better than slopping them about like water from a pail, which is what you did." He did not like the simile of the pail. "If those are your opinions, they part us forever," he cried, and left the room. Returning immediately, he added: "No – but your whole attitude toward emotion is wrong. Emotion has nothing to do with appropriateness. It matters only that it shall be sincere. I happened to feel deeply. I showed it. It doesn't matter whether I ought to have felt deeply or not."

This remark impressed me very much. Yet I could not agree with it, and said that I valued emotion as much as he did, but used it differently; if I poured it out on small occasions I was afraid of having none left for the great ones, and of being bankrupt at the crises of life. Note the word "bankrupt". I spoke as a member of a prudent middle-class nation, always anxious to meet my liabilities. But my friend spoke as an Oriental, and the Oriental has behind him a tradition, not of middle-class prudence, but of kingly munifi cence and splendour.

E.M. Forster. Abinger Harvest

A15         The Englishman is taught at public school

1) to supress his feelings

2) not to open his mouth too wide when he talks

3) to be afraid of emotions

4) how to cope with great sorrow on special ocasions

A16         The feelings of the two characters can be described as

1) grief and composure

2) hopelessness and compassion

3) depression and anguish

4) regret and anger

A17         The expression ‘buck up’ in the second paragraph means

1) take my hand

2) bustle up

3) keep down

4) perk up

A18         When the author met his friend the next month

1) he wasn’t glad to see his friend

2) he wanted to persuade his friend that his attitude to emotions had been wrong

3) he grumbled at his friend’s behavior during their parting

4) he tried to make his friend apologize

A19         The simile of potatoes was used

1) to illustrate that the English people are unemotional

2) because the Indian friend was insulted

3) to make the conclusion of the anecdote more instructive

4) to throw light on the English character

A20         The author believes that

1) the worst thing is being bankrupt

2) Indians have a much better appreciation of emotions

3) he should save the expression of his feelings for a suitable situation

4) he should always be liable

A21         The author comes to the conclusion that

1) middle-class prudence did not let him express his feelings

2) the difference in cultures leads to a different attitude towards emotions

3) he did not agree with the view that emotions should be sincere

4) the word ‘bankrupt’ is characteristic of the English people

Раздел 3. Лексика и грамматика

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4 – B11, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4 – B11.

The English-Speaking China

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В12 – B17, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В12 – В17.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 – А30. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22 – A30, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

One people?

For a century Maori discontent was not recognised. Most Maori people lived in the A22____countryside, but in the 1960s many moved to the cities. Those studying at universities began demonstrating in A23______of Maori language, culture and land rights. This coincided A24______a new wave of immigration to New Zealand, especially from other Pacific Islands.

New Zealanders often say, "We are all immigrants," but A25_____the settlers, New Zealand is the Maori's only home. If their language and culture die, that will be the end of them. Many Maori have A26______Pakeha (non-Maori) material culture completely. Others have kept their traditional ways. They A27_____huis, or festivals in maraes (Maori community centres with a meeting house). The A28_______make long speeches on these occasions. They give hospitality to distant relations and practise long lamentations, called tangihanga, for the dead.

In 1986, a big A29______called Те Maori made New Zealanders from other ethnic groups realise the importance of Maori culture. Today, important national events always A30________ Maori ceremonies.

A22         1) secluded           2) remote                 3) far                   4) isolated

A23         1) support           2) charge                 3) spite           4) a favour

A24         1) at                   2) with                 3) to                   4) throughout

A25         1) as                   2) dislike                 3) like                   4) unlike

A26         1) adopted           2) attracted                 3) associated           4) assumed

A27         1) involved           2) participated         3) hold           4) took

A28         1) olders           2) elder                 3) elders           4) oldest

A29         1) showcase           2) exhibition                 3) exhibit           4) exposition

A30         1) exclude           2) consist                3) include          4) conclude

Раздел 4. Письмо

Заданиe С1

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your friend who is studying in the U.S.:

…You asked me what I like best about studying here. I think there are three main things – 1) academic freedom and responsibility,2) an international environment and 3) lots of extra-curricular activities. What choice of after-school activities do you have? Are the rules in your school in Russia as strict as they used to be? For example, here everyone wears what he likes (even pajamas!) and can bring food and drinks to class…

Write a letter to your friend.

In your letter

– answer his/her questions

– ask 3 questions about international environment and 2 questions about extra-curricular activities.

Write 100 – 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Заданиe C2

You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

American culture has invaded other cultures. American films are watched all over the world. What is your attitude towards thist? Do you think American culture might swallow Russian culture?

.

What is your opinion? Which point of view do you find more convincing?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

– make an introduction (state the problem)

– express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

– give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it

– draw a conclusion

ОТВЕТЫ:

STEREOTYPING TRAPS

Раздел 1. Аудирование

B1

A1 1); A2 2); A3 2); A4 3); A5 1); A6 3); A7 1)

A8 2); A9 1); A10 1); A11 3); A12 2); A13 2); A14 1)

Раздел 2. Чтение

В2

B3

A15 4); A16 2); A17 4); A18 1); A19 2); A20 2); A21 3)

Раздел 3. Лексика и грамматика

B4 investigating; B5 to ask; B6 studies; B7 have been expected; B8 most characteristic; B9 agree; B10 are regarded; B11 would have expected; B12 needless; B13 astonishingly; B14 courteous; B15 humourless; B16 practical; B17 boastful; B18 agreement

A22 1); A23 2); A24 2); A25 4); A26 1); A27 4); A28 3);

DIVERSITY CORNER

Раздел 1. Аудирование

B1

A1 1); A2 2); A3 2); A4 2); A5 3); A6 3); A7 2)

A8 1); A9 3); A10 1); A11 3); A12 2); A13 2); A14 1)

Раздел 2. Чтение

В2

B3

A15 3); A16 2); A17 1); A18 1); A19 4); A20 2); A21 3)

Раздел 3. Лексика и грамматика

B4 have spread; B5 emerged; B6 these; B7 represents; B8 aimed; B9 to assure; B10 species; B11 be maintained; В12 adoption; В13 Declaration; В14 deepen; В15 youth; В16 flexible; В17 properly

A22 3); A23 2); A24 2); A25 4); A26 4); A27 1); A28 3); A29 2); A30 1)

CULTURAL SHAKE

Часть 1. Аудирование

B1

A1 3); A2 1); A3 2); A4 1); A5 3); A6 2); A7 1)

A8 2); A9 1); A10 3); A11 1); A12 2); A13 2); A14 2)

Часть 2. Чтение

B2

B3

A15 1); A16 1); A17 4); A18 3); A19 2); A20 3); A21 2)

Часть 3. Лексика и грамматика

B4 smallest; B5 most; B6 has; B7 has developed; B8 asks; B9 its; B10 includes; B11 fried; В12 economic; В13 indecently; В14 unduly; В15 society; В16 constitution; В17 worship

A22 2); A23 1); A24 2); A25 4); A26 1); A27 3); A28 3); A29 2); A30 3)

By Anastasia Khodakova,

Tula State Pedagogical University “Lev Tolstoy”

Варианты для подготовки к ЕГЭ

English, No. 4, p. 49

Аудирование

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1 – 6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A – G. Используйте каждую букву, обозначающую утверждение, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

B1

A.         When young people want to have extra money, they can find some job to do.

B.         There are a lot of us in the family and we like to get together.

C.         It is usual for people to live as small family groups.

D.         Some young British people have to live with their parents as the flats are very expensive to rent.

E.         Children and parents – mean eternal problems.

F.         We are all very warm and caring to each other in our family.

G.         Do all families have to have a head of the family?

A1 – A7

Вы услышите разговор между интерьвьюером и путешественником. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1 – А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A1.         The conversation takes place at the railway station.

1.        True

2.        False

3.        Not stated

A2.         Jack travels rather often.

1.        True

2.        False

3.        Not stated

A3.         Jack has been to Italy three times.

1.        True

2.        False

3.        Not stated

A4.         He likes meeting new people while travelling.

1.        True

2.        False

3.        Not stated

A5.         Jack prefers to work in the office more than going on trips.

1.        True

2.        False

3.        Not stated

A6.         Jack likes travelling.

1.        True

2.        False

3.        Not stated

A7.         Jack has never yet been to Hawaii.

1.        True

2.        False

3.        Not stated

A8 – A14

Вы услышите беседу двух студентов. В заданиях А8 – А 14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A8.         Johnny has just visited __________.

1.        their tutor’s office

2.        his dentist

3.        his friend who is ill

A9.         The tutor wanted the students ___________.

1.        to study better

2.        to help him clean the classroom

3.        to write a report

A10.         Folding the arms across the chest can indicate __________.

1.        that the person is lying

2.        a friendly attitude

3.        a cold or indignant attitude

A11.         The deadline is _________.

1.        the day after tomorrow

2.        in two weeks

3.        at the end of the month

A12.         Johnny suggests making _________.

1.        a list of common gestures and the messages they convey

2.        a report about another topic

3.        a summary for a reference book about gestures

A13.         Ted was surprised by the fact that __________.

1.        different signs may have the same meaning

2.        one and the same sign may mean different things

3.        the same signs in different countries mean the same

A14.         When going to another country, people should ___________.

1.        learn the language of the country

2.        learn the traffic rules

3.        learn the language, as well as some gestures

Чтение

B2

Установите соответствие тем A – H текстам 1 – 7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

A.         A tip about learning English.

B.         Why adolescents sometimes need to be alone.

C.         Perfect families don’t mean an absence of conflicts.

D.         Successful people have big houses.

E.         The advantages and disadvantages of living in the city.

F.         Nobody teaches you how to do this.

G.         Daydreaming is a usual thing for young people to do.

H.         One of the biggest milestones of the teenage years.

1.         Teenagers and their families in a struggle all its own. Teenagers have a difficult time relating to their families, their parents and their siblings. Teenagers often withdraw as they face all the questions they have, the anger they may feel and their own lessons of what is right and wrong.

Teenagers and their families have problems, even in the “perfect” home setting. Though having a safe, warm home to call their own certainly helps, teens still find there is no guarantee there won't be conflicts of some kind throughout their teenage years.

2.         What is one of the biggest milestones during your teenage years that mark your change from a kid into an adult? Dating! Yes – dating and having emotional relationships and all the stuff that goes with it. This is an exciting time, but for a lot of teens, it is also really scary! No one ever teaches you how to talk to the opposite sex, how to flirt or how to ask someone on a date.

3.         Living in the city has both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, it is often easier to find work, and there is usually a choice of public transport, so you don’t need to own a car. Also there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. For example, you can eat in a good restaurant, visit museums and go to the theatre or to concerts. When you want to relax, you can go to a park and just sit on a bench and read a book. City life is full of bustle and variety, and you never need to feel bored.

4.         Adolescents need to be around adults other than their parents, both male and female. These can be relatives, neighbours, or teachers. Of course, they should be positive role models. Teenagers can learn from them about things, like how to fix the car, getting along with others, or ideas for future jobs.

5.         American people are judged by the houses they live in, and, of course, home ownership is one of the definitions of success in America. Since the 1990s, home ownership has become more expensive and most Americans cannot afford their own house. The house of one’s dreams may be beyond many people’s reach. But to own a house is still far less risky than to rent nowadays, since costs can be fixed with a long-term mortgage.

6.         Adolescents can "spend hours" day dreaming about their future life. They might be planning the things they can do or will buy "when they grow up." Remember, to travel far, one begins with the first few steps! So, don't worry if teens want to spend time alone.

7.         Read English texts as often as you can. This could be the news, short stories or novels, or even texts from your textbook. Choose an interesting text that is not too difficult for you (otherwise it won’t be fun). Don’t look up every word which is new to you – even without a dictionary you will understand a lot. Just concentrate on what you do understand and try to find out the rest by guessing. That works rather well, especially if you are interested in the topic. If you are a football fanatic for example, you probably won’t have problems understanding an English text about football. On the other hand, someone who is better in English than you, but not interested in football, will have more problems understanding the same text.

B3

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений A – G.

Одна из частей в списке А–G – лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.

Notting Hill Carnival

On the last weekend in August, London is the scene of a very spectacular event – the Notting Hill Carnival. In 2014, (1)________________________ will be celebrating its 50th anniversary.

The roots of the Caribbean carnival date back to the year 1833 when the Abolition of Slavery Act was announced in Trinidad. Celebrating their freedom, the black people of Trinidad took to the streets and had (2)_______________________. The Caribbean carnival was born.

When, in the 1950s, a large number of West Indian immigrants came to London, they also brought their traditions and music. (3)____________________________, those immigrants dreamt of having a festival that (4)_______________________ from the Notting Hill area.

So dances and other musical events were organised in North London. In the beginning, those events took place in various halls, but in 1964 the first street festival took place in Notting Hill. It was a great success, so the parade took place year after year (5)_______________________.

The Notting Hill Carnival now takes place on three successive days (Saturday to Monday). It has become (6)____________________________ and everyone is welcome to participate.

A.         aced with racism and unemployment

B.         being unhappy and discontent

C.         attracting ever more participants and spectators

D.         a true multi-cultural event

E.         the world's second largest carnival parade

F.         would bring together the people

G.         a great party with music and dance

A15 – A21

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15 – А 21, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.

ARISTOTLE SCHOOL TO BECOME OPEN-AIR MUSEUM

The remains of the ancient school where philosopher Aristotle taught his pupils nearly 2,500 years ago are to be turned into an outdoor museum thanks to a donation from a betting company, Greece's Culture Ministry says. The project in central Athens is slated for completion next year at a cost of €4.5 million ($5.9 million). But it will not use funds from the government, which has promised spending cuts amid the global financial crisis.

Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 B.C., studied under Plato and tutored Alexander the Great. Later, in Athens, he taught in the grounds of the Lyceum, a public sports complex frequented by the city's young men.

Funding for the venture will be provided by Greek betting company OPAP, which is partly state-owned.

The scant remains are mostly foundations and lower courses of walls from a wrestling hall, as well as parts of Roman-era baths used by the athletes after workouts. They were discovered in 1996 during construction for a planned modern art museum that was later abandoned. Plans to open the site to the public have languished for about a decade.

"This is a big project," Athens archaeological service official Aris Koronakis said. "The arc-shaped roof will cover the entire area which is 50-by-48 metres."

The official said construction is the main source of archaeological discovery in Athens. "That's how antiquities are found: The archaeological service inspects all main construction sites in Athens," he said.

Standing in what was once a wooded, riverside location outside the ancient city walls, the Lyceum was considered one of the three greatest schools of philosophy in ancient Greece and archaeologists had sought its remains for more than 150 years. Ironically, it was finally found at the end of a modern street named after the ancient school.

The new outdoor museum would eventually help expand a network of ancient sites in the capital – including Plato's Academy – that are easily accessed by visitors touring the city on foot. Athens underwent a major redevelopment project ahead of the 2004 Olympics, with a cobblestone walkway built around Acropolis Hill. A long-awaited museum which will house ancient masterpieces from the Acropolis is to be inaugurated soon.

A15.         An outdoor museum will be built _________.

1.         at the place where the philosopher lived

2.         at the place where Aristotle taught 2,500 years ago

3.         at the place where there used to be one of the universities in Athens

4.         at the place where Aristotle taught about 2,000 years ago

A16.         Aristotle, ___________, studied under Plato and tutored Alexander the Great.

1.         who lived from 322 to 384 A.D.

2.         who lived from 348 to 322 B.C.

3.         who lived from 322 to 384 B.C.

4.         who lived from 384 to 322 B.C.

A17.         The Lyceum used to be __________ frequented by the city's young men.

1.         a very fashionable place

2.         a public sports complex

3.         one of the clubs

4.         an expensive and popular place

A18.         The museum will be built with _________.

1.         money the government will give

2.         money collected as people’s donations

3.         money of a Greek betting company

4.         money left by Aristotle himself

A19.         Earlier, there were plans to construct _________ at this site.

1.         a modern art museum

2.         a picture gallery

3.         a fashionable sports complex

4.         a swimming-pool with Roman-era baths

A20.         The Lyceum was considered one of the three greatest schools of philosophy __________.

1.         in ancient Greece

2.         in modern Greece

3.         in Europe

4.         of modern world

A21.         A cobblestone walkway was built around Acropolis Hill due to _________.

1.         a project of the capital reconstruction

2.         a beneficial orga rennovation nisation that had collected the money

3.         a major redevelopment project ahead of the 2004 Olympics

4.         the philosopher’s idea of city renovation

Грамматика и лексика

B4 – B10

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами после номеров B4 – B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4 – B10.

B11 – B16

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами после номеров B11– B16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B11 – B16.

A22 – A28

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 – А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22 – А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Loire Châteaux

The most magnificent châteaux of the Loire Valley were built A22______ the Renaissance. The châteaux A23______ as elegant hunting houses and county residences by the French nobility. Today, more than 1,000 of these châteaux dot the landscape A24______ the Loire River. The architectural heritage of this peaceful, wooded region of the Loire Valley makes it one of France’s most A25______ regions.

Visitors often begin their tour of the Loire châteaux at the mouth of the Loire, in the Breton seaport of Nantes. A bridge over the river offers the best view of Château d’Usse, perhaps the most romantic and fanciful of these castles. It is said that Usse inspired Charles Perrault, who once lived there, to write the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty.

To the east, Château d’Azay-le-Rideau, among the most beautiful and harmonious of the Loire Châteaux, stands on an island in the Indre, a branch of the Loire. Colourful presentations in period costumes A26______ at this château in summer evenings. The Château de Villandry is famous for its terraced gardens. Visitors can admire three tiers of gardens, including an herb garden, as well as a lake and ponds, all restored to their former beauty. In the Garden of Love on the lowest tier, beds of flowers represent the many forms of love in beautiful designs.

No visit to this land of fairy-tale castles would be A27______ without a journey to Chambord, the largest of the Loire Châteaux. Chambord has 440 rooms. The builders of Chambord even A28______ the course of the Loire to enhance these 13,600 acres (5,500 hectares) of forests, gardens, lakes, and ponds. This wooded area, surrounded by a wall 32 km long, is now a reserve for deer and wild boar.

A22.         1.        out of

2.        during

3.        since

4.        between

A23.        1.        were founded

2.        were developed

3.        was used

4.        were used

A24.        1.        before

2.        beside

3.        along

4.        over

A25.        1.        famous

2.        fashionable

3.        desirable

4.        delicious

A26.         1.        didn’t take place

2.        have taken place

3.        had taken place

4.        take place

A27.        1.        ready

2.        organized

3.        complete

4.        exciting

A28.        1.        changed

2.        decorated

3.        based

4.        found

Письмо

C1 

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

This is part of a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend.

…Yesterday we had a discussion about teenage problems. One of the problems discussed was the relationship with our parents. As for me, I want to say that with my parents I have absolutely no problems. I am lazy and my father makes me work. That's good for me. When I have a problem, I try to solve it myself. If that is impossible, I ask the person who has the best knowledge of this problem. It depends on the kind of difficulty. Usually I get help from my parents, my sister or my friends.

And what about you? Is there understanding between you and your parents? Do you turn to them for help?

Love,

Sam

Write back to Sam answering his questions.

Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

С2

You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

“Friendships and relationships can be hard to receive, keep, and maintain. Things like gossip, rumours, and deception can ruin people’s trust and reputation in an instant.”

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

1.         Introduction (State the problem).

2.         Arguments “for”.

3.         Arguments “against”.

4.         Conclusion.

Answers:

Аудирование

B1

1. G; 2. D; 3. A; 4. B; 5. E; 6. C

A1 – A7

A1. False; A2. True; A3. Not stated; A4. Not stated; A5. False; A6. True; A7. True

A8 – A14

A8. 1; A9. 3; A10. 3; A11. 2; A12. 1; A13. 2; A14. 3

Чтение

B2

1. C; 2. H; 3. E; 4. B; 5. D; 6. G; 7. A

B3

1. E; 2. G; 3. A; 4. F; 5. C 6. D

A15 – A21

A15. 2; A16. 4; A17. 2; A18. 3; A19. 1; A20. 1; A21. 3

Грамматика и лексика

B4 – B10

B4. largest; B5. species; B6. do not hunt; B7. smaller; B8. are born; B9. lose; B10. teeth

B11 – B16

B11. southern; B12. coastal; B13. dinner; B14. is served; B15. celebrate; B16. decorated

A22 – A28

A22. during; A23. were used; A24. along; A25. famous; A26. take place; A27. complete; A28. changed

Текст для аудирования

B1

1.         There’s no one we call the head of our family, although my father's advice and opinion are very important in any decisions we take. My Uncle Tony is older than my father, so I suppose he's the real head of the family. When my grandfather was alive, he liked to think that the whole family organized itself around him, but these days it's different. But we all try to discuss things together when we meet.

2.         Most children leave home when they get married. I lived with my mother and father until I got married. But there are some people who want to lead independent lives and they find a flat as soon as they start their first job, even before they get married. Of course, the main problem is that flats are so expensive to rent here, and we simply have to live with our parents.

3.         Some teens try to balance their studies with a part time job to have some extra spending money. This is a great way to learn about the responsibilities of working life, but it sometimes interferes with getting school work done. I know, that with my courses at school, I would never be able to balance schoolwork with other work. Many students decide to wait till the summer to get a job. Other teens mostly receive a weekly allowance from their parents. I usually get $10 a week from my Dad, and my grandmother always gives me some money.

4.         We usually see each other at least once a month, maybe more often. We have lunch together on Sunday if we haven't got anything special to do. We live in Liverpool, but we always come to London where my mother and father live. Usually my grandmother and my uncle and aunt are there too – we're quite a large family! Sometimes my brother and his girlfriend come over – they live nearby. The meal takes about four hours, we spend a lot of time chatting and there's always lots to eat.

5.         The relationship between parents and their children is very different and difficult to understand. Usually parents are friends with their children, but not always. A bad relationship depends on parents first and then on children, because parents are older than their children and they have more experience in comparison with us. Today, children grow up faster than their parents did. That is why parents must control us more strictly. Without the control of adults, kids will have hard life. Because they will lose the right path in life they will become undisciplined and selfish. But, on the other hand, the control of our parents influences us in a bad way because we must learn to become independent.

6.         In our country, most families are a small family group who live in the same house: mother, father and children before marriage. But, if one of the grandparents dies, the other usually sells their home and goes to live with their children. So it's quite common to have one grandparent living with you, but not more.

А1 – А7

Interviewer:         Good morning Sir. I'd like to ask you a few questions if I may.

Jack:         Well, I'm waiting to catch my flight, so I guess I can answer a few questions.

Interviewer:         Thank you, Sir. First of all, how often do you travel?

Jack:         I travel about twice a month.

Interviewer:         Where are you flying to on this trip?

Jack:         I'm flying to Glasgow.

Interviewer:         And where did you fly on your last trip?

Jack:         I flew to Rome. I've already been there three times!

Interviewer:         Really? Do you enjoy travelling for business?

Jack:         Yes, although I prefer staying in the office.

Interviewer:         What do you like most about travelling?

Jack:         I like visiting new cities and trying out new food.

Interviewer:         Is there anywhere you would like to visit that you haven't visited yet?

Jack:         Yes, I'd like to go to Hawaii! I love going to the beach!

Interviewer:         Thank you very much. Have a good trip!

Jack:         You're welcome. My pleasure.

A8 – A14

Ted:         Johnny, we’ve got a problem.

Johnny:         What’s wrong?

Ted:         I’ve just visited our tutor’s office. He wants us to write a report about body language.

Johnny:         So, what’s the problem, then?

Ted:         I have completely no idea what body language is.

Johnny:         Well, it includes a lot of elements: facial expressions, position and gestures, of course. With the help of body language we can convey different messages.

Ted:         For instance?

Johnny:         Well, when somebody touches his face, especially his nose or chin when speaking, it may suggest that he is lying. Or folding one’s arms across the chest can indicate a cold or indignant attitude.

Ted:         I’ve never thought about this like that. I see you have worked a lot in this field. Can you recommend some sources where I can get appropriate information?

Johnny:         I’ll try to do my best. What’s your deadline for handing in this report?

Ted:         In two weeks.

Johnny:         Then, we’ve got lots of time to get ready. I’ve got an idea. Let’s try to make a list of the most commonly used gestures and messages they convey as an appendix for our report. Any ideas?

Ted:         Well, waving for saying hello or goodbye…

Johnny:         Or to get somebody’s attention. High five, it’s my favourite, then, shaking and nodding head…

Ted:         Don’t forget about the “OK” sign with thumb and forefinger and crossing fingers for luck or to indicate an untruth. Strange, one and the same gesture has different meanings.

Johnny:         True. I’ve heard that in some countries nodding the head means “no” and shaking stands for “yes”.

Ted:         Hm, one can get into serious trouble because of this. So, when going abroad, you should learn not only the language, but also some gestures. That’s interesting.

Compiled by Yelena Karpenko

 Подготовка к ЕГЭ

Рекомендации по написанию сочинения с элементами рассуждения

Формат и правила написания сочинения “expressing opinion”

        • Сочинение “expressing opinion”  пишется в формальном (деловом) стиле.

        • В данном типе сочинения требуется выразить свою точку зрения на заданную тему, а так же привести противоположные вашей точки зрения других людей и объяснить, почему вы с ними не согласны.  Ваше мнение должно быть четко сформулировано и подкреплено примерами или доказательствами.

• Объем сочинения 200-250 слов (минимум 180 слов, максимум 275)

        • В сочинении должны активно использоваться конструкции типа «In my opinion», «I think», «I believe»

        • Необходимо использование вводных слов и конструкций типа “On the one hand, on the other hand”…, слов- связок (Nevertheless, Moreover, Despite…)

        • Сочинение“expressing opinion”  имеет строгую структуру, изменение которой при написании сочинения приведет к снижению балла. Сочинение “expressing opinion” состоит из 5-ти абзацев:

        1) Introduction 

        Во вступлении необходимо четко сформулировать тему-проблему, указав, что существуют две противоположные точки зрения на проблему (Some people claim that mobile phones are very useful devices while others argue that life could be less stressful without them.) и высказать свое мнение, не используя слишком много личных конструкций

Однако  первое предложение не должно слово в слово повторять заданную тему сочинения. Рекомендуемое окончание первого абзаца: Now I would like to express my point of view on the problem of …

        2) Привести 2-3 аргумента, подтверждающих вашу точку зрения, подкрепляя  их примерами или доказательствами.

        Во втором абзаце вы должны придерживаться только ОДНОЙ точки зрения, например:  Mobile phones in my opinion are very useful devices. ИЛИ I consider the mobile phone to be a harmful and useless invention.

        Необходимо привести 2-3 аргумента с доказательствами в поддержку собственного мнения

        3) Привести  противоположные точки зрения (1-2). Пример: However, some people think that mobile phones not only keep you in touch with your relatives and friends but also provide you with a great number of facilities.

4) объяснить, почему  вы НЕ согласны с чужим мнением. I can’t agree with this statement because…

Ваши контраргументы мнению других людей не должны повторять 2ой абзац.

5)  Conclusion

Необходимо сделать вывод, обратившись к заданной в 1-м параграфе теме, что существуют 2 точки зрения на проблему, а также подтвердить собственную точку зрения.

Например: «There are different points of view on this problem. I think that…» или «Taking everything into consideration, there are two different points of view on this problem. I believe that…

Благодарим  Решетникову Анну Степановну за предоставленный материал.