МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ САРАТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

государственное автономное профессиональное образовательное учреждение

Саратовской области

«Саратовский архитектурно-строительный колледж»  

Сборник текстов и упражнений для практических занятий

учебной дисциплины

Иностранный язык (Английский язык) в

профессиональной деятельности

по профессии

54.01.01 Исполнитель художественно-оформительских работ

Саратов

2023г.

1. Пояснительная записка

Сборник текстов и упражнений для практических занятий учебной дисциплины

Иностранный язык (Английский язык) в профессиональной деятельности предназначен для практических занятий по дисциплине Иностранный язык (Английский язык) программы подготовки квалифицированных рабочих и служащих по профессии 54.01.01 Исполнитель художественно-оформительских работ.

Сборник разработан на основании основной профессиональной образовательной программы подготовки квалифицированных рабочих и служащих по профессии 54.01.01 Исполнитель художественно-оформительских работ.

Тексты предназначены для внеаудиторного чтения по теме профессионально-ориентированного содержания «Выдающиеся исторические события и личности стран изучаемого языка». Сборник включает профессиональные тексты и задания, направленные на закрепление лексического и грамматического материала.      Цель сборника – дополнить и разнообразить систему упражнений основного курса. Предлагаемые тексты на английском языке и задания улучшат навыки чтения и привьют привычку самостоятельного чтения на английском языке для удовольствия.

Сборник включает 19 текстов с заданиями, которые направлены на усвоение основной терминологии по данному разделу, выделяется наиболее важная информации текста и обобщается в виде речевого высказывания. Задания пособия составлены в соответствии с современными требованиями методики и рабочей программы.

Текст № 1

Задание №1 Прочитайте текст и найдите в нём интернациональные слова.

Outstanding Events in the History of Great Britain

There were many outstanding events in the history of Great Britain.  England was added to the Roman Empire in 43 A. D. Roman invasions played a very important role in the history of the country. The Romans built the first roads in the country, dug the first wells. The Romans, who were great architects, constructed the first towns in Britain. After the withdrawal of Roman legions in 410, different tribes tried to control the territory of Britain. But the Normans influenced the British civilization most of all. They came in 1066 under the leadership of William the Conqueror. As the invaders spoke French, their speech influenced the English language. That is why English comprises a lot of French words and word combinations. In the 18th century technological and commercial innovation led to the Industrial Revolution. The thirteen North American Colonies were lost, but replaced by colonies in Canada and India. Once more the British had to face the French in 1805 at the battle of Trafalgar. Then Admiral Nelson won a great victory over the French fleet. In order to commemorate this event the main

square in London is named after this battle. And the monument to Admiral Nelson was erected on this square. Many historical events and personalities led the country to the position of the powerful and highly-developed states.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

Outstanding events, Roman invasions, dug the first wells, great architects, the withdrawal, influenced, under the leadership, the invaders, word combinations, technological and commercial innovation, the British had to face, a great victory, in order to commemorate, is named after, erected, personalities, the powerful and highly-developed states.

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. What role did the Romans play in the history of the country?

2. How did the Normans influence the development of the English language?

3. What events led to the industrial revolution of the country?

4. What victory did Admiral Nelson win?

Текст №2

Задание №1 Прочитайте и переведите текст

The 1851 Great Exhibition

An international showcase of spectacular scale, the Great Exhibition displayed produce from around the world, from great woven textiles to the most intricate embellished golds. With over 6 million visitors – including Queen Victoria herself – the event was phenomenally successful. Housed in a purpose-built giant glasshouse (which came to be nicknamed the Crystal Palace), the Exhibition was based on a French equivalent held several years previously, known as the Industrial Exposition of 1844. While the government was initially uninterested, the concept aroused public support as well as that of Prince Albert. After increasing pressure, the government were swayed and a competition was organized to design a building that could house such an event. The Crystal Palace design won and was soon erected in Hyde Park. Taking less than a year to build, the Crystal Palace marked some serious advances in architecture and industry. Considered one of the first pre-fabricated buildings, the glass was created in advance, meaning it simply slotted into the iron skeleton when the sheets arrived. The Exhibition was a roaring success for Britain, providing an unrivalled sense of national pride, as well as asserting Britain’s dominance over the rest of the world. It was also an incredible employment opportunity, with over 2,000 men working on it in December 1851. Only around 50 per cent of the exhibits were from Britain, with the remainder brought in from around the world. India sent emeralds and rubies, as well as an ornate howdah and trappings for elephants, while France sent tapestries and silks, as well as the machines that weaved the fabrics. Russia sent furs, Switzerland sent watches, and Chile sent a giant lump of gold. Originally costing £3 for a man to visit, and £2 for a woman, the cost of entering the Exhibition was eventually driven down to simply a shilling a head from 24 May 1851. After this reduction, it became the biggest attraction in the country. Thomas Cook, a travel agent, even organized special excursions for reasonable prices. After the Exhibition closed in October, the incredibly vast glass building was moved from Hyde Park in London to Sydenham, where it was once again reopened by Queen Victoria in 1854.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

An international showcase, spectacular scale, displayed produce from around the world, woven textiles, phenomenally successful, giant glasshouse, organized to design a building, the Crystal Palace, one of the first pre-fabricated buildings, simply unrivalled, sense of national pride, Britain’s dominance, an incredible employment opportunity, the remainder, tapestries and silks, attraction, the incredibly

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Where and when was the international exhibition organized?

2. Which exhibition served as an analogue of the exhibition of 1851?

3. What products were presented at the exhibition?

4. Which building project for the exhibition won?

5. Why was the exhibition a resounding success?

 Текст №3

Задание №1 Прочитайте и переведите текст

Famous people of Great Britain

There are many outstanding people in Great Britain. Britain produced statesmen, thinkers, explorers, musicians, writers, scientists and other people who are well known around the world. Isaac Newton one of the greatest men in the history of science was born in a little village in the middle of the 17th century. He studied math at Cambridge University. Newton’s contribution to physics astronomy and math is so great that, he may be considered the founder of the mordent mathematics and physics. He discovered the law of motion and the universal law of gravitation. He studied the nature of light and colour and came to the conclusion that white colour consists of many different colours known as spectrum. He died when he was 84 and was burred at Westminster Abbey.

         Charles Darwin was born in the beginning of the 19th century. He was a great biologist. He created a new theory of evolution. Once there were only simple organisms living in the seas, hundreds of millions of years they have developed to produce all the different kind animals and plants we knew today.

Michael Faraday was born at the end of the 17th century. He was interested in electricity very much and spent long months studying this strange force. He discovered that electricity passed from the magnet to the wires and cowbell become a strong electric current. He opened many laws of electricity and magnetism.

Lord Rutherford the great pioneer of nuclear physics received the Nobel Prize in 1908 for his investigations into decay of elements chemistry of radiated substances.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

Outstanding people, produced statesmen, thinkers, explorers, musicians, writers, scientists, well known, contribution, the founder, the universal law, the nature of light and colour, the conclusion, the theory of evolution, the strange force, the law of electricity and magnetism, the great pioneer of nuclear physics investigations, radiated substances.

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Name the names of prominent people in the UK. mentioned in the text

2. What is Isaac Newton known for?

3. What have you learned about Charles Darwin?

4. What scientific discoveries did Michael Faraday make?

5. Who is Lord Rutherford?

Текст №4

Задание №1 Прочитайте и переведите текст

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was a German-born Jewish theoretical physicist of profound genius, who is widely regarded as the greatest scientist of the 20-th century and one of the greatest scientists of all time. He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905 and «for his services to Theoretical Physics». After his general theory of relativity was formulated in November 1915, Einstein became world famous, an unusual achievement for a scientist. In his later years, his fame exceeded that of any other scientist in history. In popular culture, his name has become synonymous with great intelligence and even genius. Einstein himself was deeply concerned with the social impact of scientific discovery. His reverence for all creation, his belief in the grandeur, beauty, and sublimity of the universe, his awe for the scheme that is manifested in the material universe — all of this show through in his work and philosophy.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

Theoretical physicist, profound genius, the greatest scientist, was awarded, explanation, theory of relativity, unusual achievement, deeply, scientific discovery. his belief in the grandeur, beauty, and sublimity of the universe

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Who is Albert Einstein?

2. What award was he awarded in 1921?

3. The discovery of which theory made Einstein world famous?

4. What was the name of Einstein synonymous with?

Текст № 5

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William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwright and poets of all times. Not much is known of his life. He was probably the son of a businessman and was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon.  He probably attended the local grammar school and got a classical education. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway and had three children. Little is known of his life before 1592, when he appeared as a playwright in London. Soon he became an actor playing supporting roles like the ghost in “Hamlet”. In 1599 Shakespeare became a part owner of the Globe Theatre in London. Shakespeare’s work as a playwright is subdivided into three periods. Written in the first periods, Shakespeare’s plays are mostly history plays like “Henry VI”, and comedies with strong elements of farce (“The Comedy of Errors”). His masterpiece of this period is “Romeo and Juliet”. In the second period Shakespeare wrote a number of comedies where he moved away from farce towards romance. (“As You Like It”). In the third period, after 1600, appeared his major tragedies – “Hamlet”, “Othello”. Shakespeare was a great poet and would be well known for his poetry alone. His major achievements as a poet in his sonnets, first published in 1609. A sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, with a moral at the end. The sonnets are addressed to some “W. H.” And to the mysterious “Dark Lady of Sonnets”. The sonnets deal with the great themes of love, friendship, death, change and immorality. Shakespeare’s sonnets are excellent. They are full of harmony and music; they praise love, friendship and beauty. Many centuries have passed since his death in 1616, but Shakespeare is still considered to be the greatest of all playwrights and poets.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

The greatest of all playwright and poets of all times, the son of a businessman, attended the local grammar school, a classical education, supporting roles, a part owner, subdivided into three periods, comedies with strong elements of farce, tragedies, a great poet, achievements, sonnets, first published, deal with the great themes of love, friendship, death, change and immorality.

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is Shakespeare famous for?
2. What is known of Shakespeare’s early years?
3. What kind of plays did he write during the first period of his work?
4. What kind of comedies did he create in the second period?
5. What kind of plays did he write during the third period?
6. What is Shakespeare’s major achievements as a poet?
7. How can you define a sonnet?
8. What themes do Shakespeare’s sonnets deal with?
9. Why is Shakespeare still considered the greatest of all poets?

Текст № 6

Задание №1 Прочитайте и переведите текст

Outstanding Events in the History of America

The first voyages along the coast of modern South and Central America were made by Amerigo Vespucci. That is why, in the 16th century German cartographer named this fourth part of the world after the explorer. At the beginning of the 17th century European colonies were founded on the territory of the modern USA. In 1620 first colonists landed at Plymouth Rock. They came from England on board the “Mayflower”. Most of them were Puritans or former Anglicans who were called pilgrims. Their hopes were connected with the promises of the Bible about the land “of honey and milk”, and America was thought to be this land. Later on, Dutch, Spanish and Swedish colonies appeared. People who came to America were mostly farmers, who wanted to exploit new lands. The development of trade, industry and agriculture in the colonies constantly conflicted with the economic policy of Britain. After constant pressure on the colonies on July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress declared the United Colonies to be independent of Great Britain. The new state was called the United States of America and July 4 became its national holiday. The Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. The Battle at Saratoga in 1777 when the Americans forced a large British army to capitulate, was a turning point in the long War for Independence. In this War the Americans were supported by France. In 1783 Britain finally recognized American independence. At the beginning of 1861 the Southern states left the Union and founded the Confederation. That was the beginning of the war between the South and the North. The results of the war were the abolishing of slavery and establishment of “Indivisible union of indivisible states”. The states lost their right to leave the union. The 1930s were the years of Great Depression in the USA. Franklin Roosevelt set up government organizations called agencies. They found work for people, gave money to help the unemployed and homeless and helped the nation to recover from the Depression.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

Cartographer, Puritans, former, the land “of honey and milk, to exploit new lands, constantly conflicted with the economic policy of Britain. After constant pressure on the colonies, War for Independence, the abolishing of slavery, set up agencies, the unemployed and homeless, the Depression.

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. How did the name America come about?

2. Where and when did the first colonists settle?

3. Who are called pilgrims?

4. Why did July 4th become his national holiday in the USA?

5. When and why did the American Civil War begin?

6. What was the result of this civil war?

7. What is the Great Depression of the 30s in the USA?

Текст № 7

Задание №1 Прочитайте и переведите текст

Formation of the USA.

The most prominent episode from the history of the USA is the formation of the state itself. The growing independence and economic strength of colonies disturbed Great Britain. The colonies were viewed as a source of raw materials and a market for England alone. After the Seven Years’ War the British Government increased its pressure on the colonies and put all possible obstacles in the way of their independent industrial development and trade. It imposed new taxes and duties, which affected the interests of the colonists. As a result, in Philadelphia in 1774 merchants, ship-owners, lawyers and others revolted and decided to stop trade with Britain and boycott the British goods. A prologue to the War for Independence in the North America was the «Boston tea-party» , as it was called. The British Government granted the East India Company the right of tax-free export of tea to the colonies. It caused indignation among the colonists, and especially the merchants involved in the sale of tea. In December 1773 a group of members of the organization called the «Sons of Liberty» boarded the British ships in the port of Boston and dumped the whole cargo of tea into the harbor. Soon after that the port was closed, all kinds of public gatherings were prohibited. All these measures further sharpened the conflict between Great Britain and the colonies. The War for Independence of the American colonies began with a battle of colonists against British troops in April 1775 at Concord and at Lennington not far from Boston. On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress declared the united colonies to be independent of Great Britain. The new state was called the United States of America and the 4th of July became its national holiday. The Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence proclaiming the equality of all people. Thomas Jefferson, a follower of the British philosophers, was the author of the Declaration. The battle at Saratoga, when the Americans forced a large British army to capitulate, was a turning point in the long, hard War for Independence. The Americans were supported by France. In 1783 Britain finally and formally recognized American independence. George Washington was elected the first president of the new republic. Later on, his name was given to the capital which was built in the federal District of Columbia.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

The most prominent episode, the formation of the state, growing independence and economic strength, source of raw, put all possible, new taxes and duties, merchants, ship-owners, lawyers, tax-free export of tea, to be independent, the Declaration of Independence, equality of all people, was elected

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. What was the most outstanding episode in the history of the United States?

2. Why in 1774 merchants, shipowners, lawyers and others rebelled and decided to stop trading with Great Britain and boycott British goods?

3. What was the prologue to the War of Independence in North America?

4. From what event did the War for the Independence of the American Colonies begin?

5. What name did the new state get?

6. What Declaration was adopted by the Congress?

7. Who was elected the first president of the new republic?

Текст № 8

Задание №1 Прочитайте и переведите текст

Independence Day.

On July 4 the Americans celebrate their national holiday, the Independence Day. The United States gained independence as a result of gradual and painful process. By the mid 1700’s, it became difficult for thirteen British colonies in the New World to be ruled by a king 3000 miles across the ocean. The British empire imposed high taxes upon the colonies. In 1774, the First Continental Congress drew up a list of grievances against the British crown. This document was the first draft of the document that would formally separate colonies from England. In 1775, the Revolutionary War began. On July 2, 1776, the Second Continental Congress presented a second draft of the list of grievances. On July 4, the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of independence. But the War of independence lasted until 1783. After the war Independence Day became an official holiday. On July 4, Americans have holiday from work. People have day-long picnics with favorite food.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

celebrate their national holiday, result of gradual and painful process, ruled imposed, high taxes, First Continental Congress, separate colonies, the list of grievances, approved War of independence, an official holiday, day-long picnics

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. When do Americans celebrate their national holiday, the Independence Day?

2. How did the United States gain independence?

3. When did the War of Independence begin?

4. How do Americans celebrate this day?

Текст № 9

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Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was one of the most prominent of Founders and early political figures and statesmen of the United States. Considered the earliest of the Founders, Franklin was noted for his curiosity, ingenuity and diversity of interests. His wit and wisdom is proverbial to this day. More than anyone else, he shaped the American Revolution despite never holding national elective office. As a leader of the Enlightenment, he had the attention of scientists and intellectuals all across Europe. As agent in London before the Revolution, and Minister to France during, he more than anyone defined the new nation in the minds of Europe. His success in securing French military and financial aid was decisive for American victory over Britain. He invented the lightning rod; he was an early proponent of colonial unity; historians hail him as the «First American». The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania marked Franklin’s 300th Birthday in January 2006 with a wide array of exhibitions, and events citing Franklin’s extraordinary accomplishments throughout his illustrious career. Born in Boston, Massachusetts to a tallow-maker, Franklin became a newspaper editor, printer, and merchant in Philadelphia, becoming very wealthy. He spent many years in England and published the famous Poor Richard’s Almanack and Pennsylvania Gazette. He formed both the first public lending library and fire department in America as well as the Junto, a political discussion club. He became a national hero in America when he convinced Parliament to repeal the hated Stamp Act. A diplomatic genius, Franklin was almost universally admired among the French as American minister to Paris, and was a major figure in the development of positive Franco-American relations. Franklin was President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. Franklin was interested in science and technology, carrying out his famous electricity experiments and invented the Franklin stove, medical catheter, lightning rod, swimfins, glass harmonica, and bifocals. He also played a major role in establishing the higher education institutions that would become the Ivy League’s University of Pennsylvania and the Franklin and Marshall College. In addition, Franklin was a noted linguist, fluent in five languages. He also practiced and published on astrology

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

The most prominent, statesmen, curiosity, ingenuity and diversity of interests. leader of the Enlightenment, lightning rod, exhibitions, the first public lending library, fire department, a political discussion club, a major figure, science and technology, electricity, medical catheter, lightning rod, swimfins, glass harmonica, and bifocals.

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Who is Benjamin Franklin?

2. What personal qualities were inherent in him since childhood?

3. Why is he considered the shaper of the American Revolution?

4. How did he attract the attention of scientists and intellectuals all over Europe?

5. Why do historians call him "The First American"?

6. What public organizations did he found in America?

7. What discoveries belong to Franklin?

Текст № 10

Задание №1 Прочитайте и переведите текст

Elvis Presley

Elvis Aron Presley, also known as The King of Rock and Roll or The King, was an American singer and actor.  During his active career as a sound engineer, which lasted more than two decades, Presley set and broke many sales records, releasing more than 100 singles from the top 40 hits, including 18 number-one singles.  Elvis made rock and roll the international language of pop music." A PBS documentary once described Presley as "a 20th-century American music giant who single-handedly changed the direction of music and culture in the mid-1950s." His recordings, dance moves, demeanor and clothes began to be perceived as the epitome of rock and roll. Presley sang incendiary rockabilly songs, as well as dance songs and ballads in the style of rock and roll, laying a commercial foundation on which other rock and roll musicians would build. African-American performers such as Little Richard and Chuck Berry gained national fame after Presley was accepted by a mass audience of white teenagers. Teenagers came to Presley's concerts in unprecedented numbers.  During the economic boom of the 1950s that followed World War II, in the United States, many parents were able to pay their teenage children much higher weekly allowances, which indicated a change in the purchasing power and purchasing habits of teenagers. Along with Elvis' duck tail hairstyle, the demand for black trousers and loose open-necked shirts has led to the emergence of new clothing lines for teenage boys. In 1956 America, birthday and Christmas gifts were often associated with music or even with Elvis.  

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текстаactive career, sound engineer, International language, music giant, recordings, dance moves, demeanor and clothes, the style of rock and roll, commercial foundation, national fame, mass audience, economic, change in the purchasing power and purchasing, buyers of his records, a huge demand for records, Elvis' duck tail hairstyle, the demand for black trousers, loose open-necked shirts, new clothing lines, youth consumer market

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is Elvis Aron Presley known for?

2. What records did Presley set and beat?

3. Why he was perceived as the embodiment of rock and roll.

4. Which African-American performers gained national fame after Presley was accepted by a mass audience of white teenagers.?

5. How did the teenage boom manifest itself at his concerts?

Текст № 11

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Michael Jackson

Michael Joseph Jackson, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and philanthropist. He began his career as the lead singer of the Motown act, The Jackson 5, in the 1960s, and made his first solo recordings in 1971 as part of the Jackson 5 franchise. Jackson began a full-fledged solo career in 1979 and formally parted with his siblings in 1987, and has since become the most successful recording artist in black music history, and one of the most successful solo artists in music history. His 1982 album Thriller currently holds the title of being the bestselling album in history, it has been said that 60 million copies have been sold worldwide. In addition to his albums, Jackson has also recorded thirteen number-one hits, including «Don’t Stop ‘til You Get Enough», «Rock with You», «Billie Jean», and «Beat It». In addition to his thirteen number-one singles, he also is credited with a further four number-one singles with his brothers in the group The Jackson 5, giving him a total of seventeen number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. His distinctive dance moves, music videos, and pop appeal have inspired and influenced many of today’s singers, such as Janet Jackson, Usher, Beyoncé, and Justin Timberlake. Despite his career success, he has been dogged by media attention over allegations of child sexual abuse, which resulted in a trial and acquittal in 2005.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

Singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and philanthropist, solo recordings, full-fledged solo career, the most successful recording, number-one hits, inspired and influenced, career success, dogged by media attention

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Who is Michael Joseph Jackson?

2. How did he start his career?

3. When did he become the most successful recording artist in the history of black music?

4. What features of his songwriting influenced many modern singers?

5. Why was he the object of intense media attention?

Текст № 12

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Bob Dylan

Bob Dylan is a highly influential American songwriter, musician, and poet. Much of Dylan’s best-known work is from the 1960s, when he became a documentarian and reluctant figurehead of American unrest. Many involved in the civil rights movement found an anthem in his song «Blowing’ In The Wind». Millions of young people embraced «The Times They Are A-Changin'» as an icon of the decade. Dylan expanded the vocabulary of popular music by incorporating politics/social commentary, philosophy, and literature. In doing so he created a style which combines lyrical stream of consciousness with often absurdist social and political moralizing, defying folk music convention and appealing widely to the counterculture of the time.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

Highly influential songwriter, musician, and poet, best-known work, documentarian and reluctant, civil rights movement, found an anthem, icon of the decade, vocabulary of popular music, social commentary, philosophy, and literature. lyrical stream, social and political moralizing, folk music convention, counterculture

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Who is Bob Dylan?

2. Which Dylan song became the anthem of the civil rights movement?

3. What innovations did Dylan bring to modern music?

4. What style did he create?

Текст № 13

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Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was a famous and popular American humorist, novelist, writer and lecturer. At his peak, he was probably the most popular American celebrity of his time. William Faulkner wrote that Twain was «the first truly American writer, and all of us since are his heirs». Clemens maintained that the name «Mark Twain» came from his years on the riverboat, where two fathoms or «safe water» was measured on the sounding line, was marked by calling «mark twain». But it is often thought that the name actually came from his wilder days in the West, where he would buy two drinks and tell the bartender to «mark twain» on his tab. The true origin is unknown. In addition to Mark Twain, Clemens used the pseudonym «Sieur Louis de Conte». Mark Twain was «born» here, in the office of the Nevada Territorial Enterprise, when Clemens first used that name on an article published 3 February 1863. Clemens died on 21 April 1910. Halley’s Comet was again visible in the night sky. MT’s first novel was The Gilded Age, 1873. Oxford awarded Samuel L. Clemens the LLD in 1907.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

Better known, famous and popular American humorist, novelist, writer and lecturer, celebrity of his time, sounding line, his wilder, used the pseudonym an article published, again visible, was awarded

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is Mark Twain's real name?

2. Who is Mark Twain considered to be?

3. Why is Mark Twain considered to be the first truly American writer?

4. Where did the name "Mark Twain" come from?

5. What another pseudonym did he use?

6. What was awarded to his first novel The Gilded Age?

Текст №14

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Arnold Schwarzenegger

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger is an Austrian-American actor, Republican politician, bodybuilder, and businessman, currently serving as the 38-th Governor of California. He was elected on October 7, 2003 in a special recall election which removed sitting Governor Gray Davis from office. Schwarzenegger was sworn in on November 17, 2003 to serve the remainder of Davis’s term, which lasts until January 2007. Nicknamed The Austrian Oak in his body-building days, and more recently «The Governator» or simply Ahnold, Schwarzenegger as a young man gained widespread attention as a highly successful bodybuilder, and later gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film star. His most famous films include The Terminator, Predator, Hercules in New York, Conan the Barbarian, True Lies, Kindergarten Cop, and Total Recall. Lively music is heard everywhere. People play baseball or compete at three-legged races or pie-eating or water-melon-eating contests. Some cities have parades with people dressed as the original founding fathers who march to the music of high school bands. In the evening people gather to watch firework displays. Wherever Americans are around the globe they will get together to celebrate Independence Day.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

Politician, bodybuilder, and businessman, special recall, gained widespread attention, highly successful bodybuilder, fame as a Hollywood action film star, compete at three-legged races, pie-eating, water-melon-eating contests, dressed as the original founding fathers, music of high school bands, firework displays

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Who is Arnold Schwarzenegger?

2. what was his nickname?

3. How did he gain worldwide fame?

4. What films did he star in?

Текст № 15

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Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was one of the most famous presidents of the USA. He was born in the family of a poor farmer in 1809 in Kentucky, but soon his family left for the wild forestland of Indiana. He was taught reading, writing and simple arithmetic, as his family could not afford better education. When he was 18, he went to New Orleans and there he saw a slave market. It made a deep impression on him and he began to hate slavery and he decided to fight against it. In 1830 he went to Springfield and became a clerk in a store. He learned much and greatly improved his knowledge. He entered politics and in 1832 became a candidate for the Parliament of the State. Soon he became a force in political life and in 1860 was elected President of the USA. He was an enemy of slavery. Some of the Southern States left the Union, and the war between the South and the North began. At first the war went badly for the North but Lincoln never lost his courage and soon they won. When the war was over, Lincoln issued a proclamation to say that slavery was abolished. Lincoln was well-known all-over America and everybody loved him. In 1864 he was elected President of the USA for the second time. But his enemies could not let him continue his work. He was shot in a theatre in Washington on April 14, 1865 and died the next day.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

One of the most famous presidents, a slave market, a deep impression, clerk in a store, greatly improved his knowledge, force in political life, the war between the South and the North, a proclamation, slavery was abolished, he was elected

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. What was Lincoln famous for?

2. What impression did the slave market make on him?

3. What decision did he make after seeing this market?

4. When was he elected president of the United States?

5. When did the war between the North and the South begin?

6. How did this war end?

Текст № 16

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Famous People of America

The fates of many famous people of America have very much in common. Thus, one of the most well-known statesmen of the USA, Abraham Lincoln, was born in 1809. His father was a poor farmer and the boy had to work much on their small farm. But he read a lot, too. When he grew older, he felt a strong interest to law. He became a lawyer and he always tried to use the law to defend people. In 1846 he was elected to Congress. There he said he was against slavery. In 1860 he became the President of the USA. In 1864 Abraham Lincoln was elected the President again, but a year later he was killed by his enemies in a theatre in Washington. An American inventor, Thomas Alva Edison, was born in Ohio in 1847. His family was not rich and the boy’s education was limited to three months in the public school. When he was 12 he started to work. Several years later Edison learned telegraphy and became a telegraph operator. He wanted to improve the telegraph system and worked very hard at it. After a few months of work, he built a transmitter of a new kind. This was his first important invention. The other two of Edison’s greatest inventions were the gramophone and the electric lamp. Edison believed that only work could bring success. So did many of the famous American writers. O’Henry, for instance, a well-known short-story writer had to earn his living from the age of fifteen and he educated himself with the help of friends. Another famous American novelist, Theodore Dreiser had to leave school and work at a factory when he was still a boy. Later he became a newspaper correspondent and then he began to write books. He wrote such popular novels as “Sister Carrie”, “Financier”, “Titan”, etc.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

One of the most well-known statesmen, strong interest to law, to defend people, against slavery, inventor, a telegraph operator, to improve the telegraph system, a transmitter, the gramophone, the electric lamp, the famous writer, novelist, a newspaper correspondent, popular novels

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Name the most famous statesmen of the USA.

2. Who was Abraham Lincoln?

3. What did Thomas Edison invent?

4. Name the most famous works about 'Henry.

Текст № 17

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Ernest Hemingway

When the sad news of Hemingway’s death was announced in July, 1961 many people left that the world last one of the most outstanding writers of the 20th century. Hemingway was born in Oak Park near Chicago, USA in 1899. He began to write fiction in 1923, his first books were the reflection of his war experience. The novels “The Sun Also Rises” (1926) and “Farewell to Arms” (1929) in which the anti-war protest is a particularly powerful belong to this period. As a boy, Hemingway spent much time hunting, finishing and exploring in the mild country of northern Michigan. In later years, he was attracted to bullfighting in Spain, and big game-hunting in Africa. Hemingway was a brave soldier. He fought in Italy during World War I. In 1936 – 1938 he took part in the Spanish Civil War as a war correspondent. More than anything else he hated war and fascism. His impressions and his sympathies which were on the side of the Republicans – found reflection in the famous play “The First Column” and in a number of short stories. For many years Hemingway lived in Cuba and was a friend of the people of this beautiful island. His last works are “Across the River and Into the Trees” and “The Old Man and the Sea” which was awarded the Nobel Prize. Once he said: “The main critics of one’s work are the mind and the heart. Perhaps the heart even more than the mind … because the mind can sometimes agree to a compromise, but the heart – never! The truth – only the truth – that is what one must write”. Hemingway’s work have great truth in them; truth about people and the world.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

Announced, the most outstanding writer, to write fiction, the reflection of his war experience, the anti-war protest, bullfighting, a brave soldier, a war correspondent, impression, a friend of the people, was awarded, the mind and the heart, agree to a compromise, the truth – only the truth people and the world.

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Who was Ernest Hemingway?

2. What books did he write in his early years?

3. What did he get interested in later?

4. Where did Hemingway fight?

5. What books did he write during the war in Spain?

6. What were his last works?

7. What is the difference between his works?

Текст № 18

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Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (Can). (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955 A noted (знаменитый) statesman, orator and strategist, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army. He has been studied to a unique extent as part of modern British and world history. A prolific author, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his own historical writings. During his army career Churchill saw combat (сражение) with the Malakand Field Force on the Northwest Frontier, at the Battle of Omdurman in the Sudan and during the Second Boer War in South Africa. During this period, he also gained fame, and not a small amount of notoriety, as

a correspondent. At the forefront of the political scene for almost sixty years, Churchill held numerous political and cabinet positions. Before the First World War, he served as President of the Board of Trade and Home Secretary during the Liberal governments. In the First World War Churchill served in numerous positions, as First Lord of the Admiralty, Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air. He also served in the British Army on the Western Front and commanded the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers. During the interwar years, he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer. After the outbreak (начало) of the Second World War, Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain in May 1940, he became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and led the British war effort against the Axis powers. His speeches were a great inspiration to the embattled After losing the 1945 election, Churchill became the leader of the opposition. In 1951, Churchill again became Prime Minister before finally retiring in 1955 Upon his death, he was granted the honor of a state funeral (государственные похороны) which saw one of the largest assemblies of politicians in the world.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

Politician, statesman, orator and strategist, an officer, prolific author, combat, gained fame, amount of notoriety, a correspondent, the forefront of the political scene, numerous political and cabinet positions, governments, served, after the outbreak, the Second World War, was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain, he was granted the honor of a state funeral

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Who was William Churchill?

2. What did he get the Nobel Prize for?

3. In what military battles did he take part?

4. What positions did he hold?

5. When did he become Prime Minister of Great Britain?

6. When did he retire?

Текст № 19

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Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia on the 15th of January, 1929. originally named Michael, his name was changed to Martin in honor of the founder of the protestant reformation, Martin Luther. He grew up in an era of racial oppression and government-sanctioned segregation. These injustices had a profound effect on his life. Despite hardships, he excelled academically, skipped the 9th and 12th grades and enrolled in college at the age of 15.  He went on to Crosher seminary where he graduated as valedictorian and perused his doctorate at Boston University where he met his future wife. Martin and Coretta settled in Montgomery, Alabama where he became a pastor. He became a community leader and began speaking out against oppression. In response to Rosa Parks arrest in 1955, he organized the 381-day Montgomery bus boycott. This led to the supreme court ruling that segregation transportation was unconstitutional. King was a proponent of non-violent protest - a philosophy he adopted from Mohandas Gandhi. n 1957 King founded the Southern Christian leadership Conference which gave him a platform to advance the cause of race relations. King was arrested in the 1963 Birmingham protest and wrote his famous "Letter from a Birmingham Jail". As a result of the movement that King helped inspire, the civil rights act was passed in 1964. Later that year, King became the youngest man ever to win The Nobel Prize at the age of 35. In 1965 he participated in the March at Selma for African American voting rights. In 1968 in Memphis, he gave his last speech. The next day, April 4th King was shot atop the 2nd-floor balcony on the Lorraine Motel in Memphis. Almost immediately, race riots and protest erupted across the country. King's funeral was attended by more than 100 thousand people. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and a Congressional Gold Medal of Honor. In 1983, the 3rd Monday of every January was declared Martin Luther King Jr. The day a public holiday in the United States.

Задание № 2 Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста

In honor of the founder, the protestant reformation, grew up in an era of racial oppression and government-sanctioned segregation, injustices, valedictorian, a pastor, a community leader, against oppression, unconstitutional, non-violent protest, a result of the movement, the civil rights, voting rights, protest erupted

Задание №3 Ответьте на вопросы

1. Who was Martin Luther King?

2. What protest did Martin Luther King become a supporter of?

3. For what did he receive the Nobel Prize?

4. What was he posthumously awarded with?