«Оказание экстренной медицинской помощи при ожогах»
презентация к уроку

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State budgetary professional educational institution of the Department of Health, Moscow Medical College number № 7 First aid: Burns Definition : A burn is damage to the skin or underlying tissue caused by heat. There are 3 levels of severity; 1st (Superficial), 2nd (Partial thickness), 3rd (Full thickness). There are three levels of burns : First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of the skin. They cause pain, redness, and swelling . Second-degree burns affect both the outer and underlying layer of skin. They cause pain, redness, swelling, and blistering. They are also called partial thickness burns. Third-degree burns affect the deep layers of skin. They are also called full thickness burns. They cause white or blackened, burned skin. The skin may be numb. Major burns include: Third-degree burns. Second-degree burns more than 2-3 inches wide. Second-degree burns on the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks, or a major joint. You can have more than one type of burn at a time. Causes: Causes of burns from most to least common are: Fire/flame. Scalding from steam or hot liquids. Touching hot objects. Electrical burns. Chemical burns. Minor burns are : First degree burns anywhere on the body . Second degree burns less than 2-3 inches wide .

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Burns can be the result of: House and industrial fires. Car accidents. Playing with matches. Faulty space heaters, furnaces, or industrial equipment. Unsafe use of firecrackers. Kitchen accidents, such as a child grabbing a hot iron or touching the stove. This list is not all-inclusive. You can also burn your airways if you breathe in smoke, steam, super heated air, or chemical fumes in poorly ventilated areas. Burn symptoms can include: Blisters (intact or ruptured and leaking fluid). Pain (How much pain you have is unrelated to the level of burn. The most serious burns can be painless.) Peeling skin. Shock (watch for pale and clammy skin, weakness, blue lips and fingernails, and a drop in alertness). Swelling. Red, white, or charred skin. If you have burned your airways, you may have: Burns on the head, face, neck, eyebrows, or nose hairs. Burned lips and mouth. Coughing. Difficulty breathing. Dark, black-stained mucus. Voice changes. Wheezing.

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Is it a minor burn or a major burn? If it's not clear what level of care is needed, try to judge the extent of tissue damage, based on the following burn categories: 1st-degree burn A first-degree burn is the least serious type, involving only the outer layer of skin. It may cause: Redness Swelling Pain You can usually treat a first-degree burn as a minor burn. If it involves much of the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks or a major joint, seek emergency medical attention. 2nd-degree burn A second-degree burn is more serious. It may cause: Red, white or splotchy skin Swelling Pain Blisters If the second-degree burn is no larger than 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter, treat it as a minor burn. If the burned area is larger or covers the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks or a major joint, treat it as a major burn and get medical help immediately. 3rd-degree burns The most serious burns involve all layers of the skin and underlying fat. Muscle and even bone may be affected. Burned areas may be charred black or white. The person may experience: Difficulty breathing Carbon monoxide poisoning Other toxic effects, if smoke inhalation also occurred

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Helping: For 1st and 2nd degree burns you should cool the area immediately with gently running cold water for about 10-15 minutes, or until it has cooled off. Do not break any blisters as this will make the wound worse. Notes: As with all other emergencies make sure the area is safe for you first. Watch out for live wires, hot objects, chemical spills, etc. The severity of a burn can also be increased pending on; Which part of the body is affected, e.g. face, neck. The amount of the body that is burnt, e.g. only finger tip or entire arm. With electrical burns check for an exit wound as well as treating for the entrance wound. With chemical burns flush the area with lots of water to get it off the casualty’s skin. Never apply ointments, butter, or other home remedies on burns, as this may make the burn worse, keep the heat trapped in, or cause an infection. Helping: For 3rd degree burns do not put anything on the burn, seek medical help immediately and treat for shock. 3rd degree is extremely life threatening even when a small body part is affected. If there is clothing on the burn do not remove it as this may also remove skin. There is a very high risk of infection from this kind of burn. cold

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to lose consciousness – терять сознание to regain consciousness – прийти в сознание to recover consciousness – прийти в сознание injury – рана hurt – повредить, причинять боль dizzy – чувствующий головокружение dizziness – головокружение frostbite - обморожение healing – заживление to moan with pain – стонать от боли shock – шок to be in shock – быть в шоке to cause shock – вызывать шок to treat shock – вывести из состояния шока sunstroke – солнечный удар heat – жара victim – жертва wound – рана to cleanse the wound – промыть ( обработать ) раны to close the wound in layers – закрыть рану послойно Vocabulary: accident – несчастный случай place of accident – место несчастного случая accident room – травматологический пункт casualty – пострадавший (обычно от несчастного случая, теракта) aid – помощь to give (render) first aid – оказать первую помощь burn – ожог a severe (bad, slight) burn – сильный ( большой , незначительный ) ожог a first (second, third) degree burn – ожог первой ( второй , третьей ) степени to be badly burned – сильно обжечься the burned surface (part) – обожженная поверхность thermal burn – термический ожог major, extensive burn – обширный ож о г to treat burn – обрабатывать ожог consciousness – сознание Vocabulary: