Simply Perfect Progressing English Tenses
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Very Simple Tense Present/Past/Future Simple Do/does – did – will do (and any other verb) Usually, never, every (day, month, year, last/next Sunday , etc.)

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Present Simple We use the present simple to describe things that are always true, or situations that exist now and will go on indefinitely: It takes me five minutes to get to school. Trees grow more quickly in summer than in winter. We use the present simple to talk about habits or things that happen on a regular basis: I leave work at 5.30 most days. Each July we go to Turkey for a holiday. We often use the present simple with performative verbs: I admit I can’t see as well as I used to. (= an admission) I refuse to believe that he didn’t know the car was stolen. (= a refusal) Accept, acknowledge, advise, apologise, assume, deny, guarantee, hope, inform, predict, promise, recommend, suggest, suppose, warn.

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Past Simple We use the past simple for situations that existed for a period of time in the past, but not now: The Pharaohs ruled Egypt for thousands of years. When I was younger I played badminton for my local team. We use the past simple when we want to indicate that something happened at a specific time in the past : She arrived at Kennedy Airport at 2 o’clock this morning . Jane left a few minutes ago . We use the past simple if we are interested in when the situation began: I started to get the pains three weeks ago. When did you arrive in Britain? We use the past simple when we talk about finished periods of time: Marie died , at the age of 86 , in 1964 . When we talk about two or more past completed events that follow each other, we use the past simple for both: She got up when the alarm clock went off. He jumped out of bed and ran to see who the parcel was for. Ago, at (3 o’clock), last (week, month), on (Monday), once (= at some time in the past), then, yesterday.

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Future Simple We use the future simple for the future: We’ ll probably go out this evening. I won’t be here tomorrow. We use the future simple in a formal style to talk about future events that have been previously arranged: The meeting will begin at 10.00 a.m. Coffee will be available from 9.30 onwards. We often use the future simple in sentences like I think…will… : I think Diane will pass the exam. I don’t think it will rain this afternoon. We can use shall (or shan’t) instead will (won’t) in statements about the future with I and we , although it is more common to use will/won’t . When I retire, I shall/will have more time for my painting.

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Practice Put the right form of the verbs in brackets: This man (know) from his experience what it (mean). Nothing (happen) by accident. As man (grow) older, he (tend) to be more sceptical. My mother often (tell) me that you not (leave) your problems behind when you (go) to another place. Pain and heartache (travel) well. Mrs. Osborne (own) this business, and she (run) it herself. He (be) a complete mystery to me. What he (do) for a living? In Rome every building (tell) its own story. When the weather (heat) up and you (need) to cool down, a lake, a river, a pool is what your body and soul (need). My great-grandmother is very old, but she (hear, see and understand) everything quite well. I (remember) that Margaret (own) a villa on the Adriatic. “The Bible (say) that the heart of man is exceedingly wicked,” the Pastor replied.

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Practice Translate into English: Мой день Я обычно просыпаюсь около шести часов утра и сразу выбираюсь из кровати. По утрам я, как правило, принимаю душ, а по вечерам ванну. Я готовлю себе очень крепкий кофе и сажусь на кухне с газетами и журналами. Я люблю читать, мне нравится узнавать, что радует людей и что их огорчает, что их сердит и удивляет. В 8.30 я начинаю приводить дом в порядок, потому что экономка приходит в 9 часов, а я слишком воспитан, чтобы оставлять дом в беспорядке. Я заканчиваю все до того, как она приходит. Затем я сажусь в машину, и в 9.30 я уже в офисе. Моя секретарша Эмма Томсон также приходит в это время. И именно тогда начинается настоящая жизнь. Эмма – очаровательная женщина, очень энергичная и доминантная по характеру. Моя сестра считает, что в прошлой жизни Эмма была сержантом. Она обычно говорит: «Господин Картер, Вы должны подписать это, согласиться с эти, отказаться от этого» и так далее. И если она начинает слишком командовать ( to get bossy ), я говорю: «Эмма, м встретимся через час». Мой рабочий день заканчивается в 6 часов вечера. Вечером я делаю все, что хочу. Иногда я встречаюсь с друзьями, хожу в театр, навещаю родителей. Иногда провожу спокойный вечер дома: смотрю телевизор, читаю книги. Describe your working day or your day off.

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Practice Give the past simple of the following verbs: Be, b ear, begin, become, bring, buy, broadcast, cut, do, eat, fall, feel, find, found, give, go, have, know, leave, loose, put, read, rise, see, set, shine, sing, strike, stroke, swim, swing, spring, teach, tell, throw, wear, win, write. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative: We went for a stroll down High Street to Ginger Street. They carried out a huge survey. When they saw me, they shut up. Hobbs was a founding partner in the Atlantic Financial Markets. We had absolutely nothing to do last weekend. He did a tremendous amount of work. There were a lot of disasters in the 20 th century. The old man used to take a long walk every morning. He failed to appear before the court. My friend taught English for twenty-five years.

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Practice Put in was/were or wasn’t/weren’t: We weren’t happy with the hotel. Our room … very small and it … very clean. George … at work last week because he … ill. He’s better now. Yesterday … a public holiday so the shops … closed. They are open today. … Sue and Bill at the party? – Sue … there but Bill … Where are my keys? – I don’t know. They … on the table but they are not there now. You … at home last night. Where … you? Translate into English: Jim always goes to work by car. Yesterday … Rachel often loses her keys. She … last week. Kate meets her friends every evening. She … yesterday evening. I usually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday I … We usually go to the cinema on Sundays. Last Sunday we … I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I … Tom always has a shower in the morning. This morning he … Our friends come to see us every Friday. They … last Friday.

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Practice Translate into English: Это случилось много веков назад. Где и когда вы встретились? – Это было в прошлом году у одного из друзей Дениса. Ломоносов основал Московский университет в 1725 году. Когда был запущен первый спутник Земли? Михаил вылетел в Нидерланды две недели назад. Мой брат родился в 1995 году. Кто рассказал тебе эти новости? – Никто. Все уже их знали. Я видела этот фильм, когда была подростком. Когда-то, очень давно он рассказал мне эту историю. Мы делали ремонт давно, лет десять назад. Ты был вчера в университете? – Я не был там с тех пор, как сдал последний экзамен. Мы посадили эти яблони в нашем саду несколько лет назад.

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Practice Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use I’ll be… or I’ll probably be… or I don’t know where I’ll be . (at 10 o’clock tomorrow) I’ll probably be on the beach. OR I’ll be at work. OR I don’t know where I’ll be. 2. (one hour from now) 3. (at midnight tonight) 4. (at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon) 5. (two years from now) Put in will or won’t . Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You … sleep. “Are you ready yet?” “Not yet. I … be ready in five minutes.” I’m going away for a few days. I’m leaving tonight, so I … be at home tomorrow. It … rain, so you don’t need to take an umbrella. “I don’t feel very well this evening.” “Well, go to bed early and you … better in the morning.” It’s Bill’s birthday next Monday. He … be 25. I’m sorry I was l ate this morning. It … happen again.

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Practice Translate into English: Эти цветы будут хорошо расти в тенистом месте. Борис скоро бросит пить и курить, и это пойдет ему на пользу. Он не получит эту работу без хороших рекомендаций. Она будет в ярости от правды, которую узнает рано или поздно. Я буду в Нью-Йорке в мае. И мы обязательно встретимся. Надеюсь, что я получу визу вовремя. Неизвестно, сколько отелей и ресторанов не откроются после пандемии. Ты будешь отвечать за любой неверный шаг. Секретарь напомнит генеральному директору о назначенной встрече. Я всегда буду на твоей стороне, что бы ни случилось. Я отправлю сообщение своему клиенту голосовой почтой. Линда будет учить итальянский язык на онлайн курсах.

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The Tense of Progress Present/Past/Future Progressive (Continuous) Am/is/are – was/were – will be doing Now, right now, at present, at the moment, currently.

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Present Progressive We use the present progressive to talk about particular actions or events that have begun but have not ended at the time of speaking The car isn’t starting again. Who are you phoning ? – I am trying to get through to Joan We use the present progressive when we describe repeated actions or events that are happening at or around the time of speaking: Why are you jumping up and down? We often use the present progressive to imply that a situation is or may be temporary: Banks are lending more money these days to encourage businesses to expand. (= temporary arrangement) She ’s teaching Maths in a school in Bonn. (= this is not permanent) We use the present progressive when we talk about changes, developments, and trends: The growing number of visitors is damaging the footpaths. I ’m beginning to realize how difficult it is to be a teacher.

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Present Progressive We do not normally use the present progressive with verbs describing states: I really enjoy travelling. The group currently consists of five people, but we hope to get more members soon. State verbs: Agree, assume, believe, belong to, consist, contain, cost, disagree, enjoy, feel, hate, have, hope, know, like, look, love, own, prefer, realize, regret, resemble, smell, taste. However, we can use the present progressive with some state verbs when we want to emphasize that a situation is temporary, for a period of time around the present: I consider him to be extremely fortunate. (This is my view) I am considering taking early retirement. (This is something I am thinking about now)

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Past Progressive We use the past progressive to talk about a temporary situation that existed at or around a particular time in the past: At the time of the robbery, they were staying with my parents. My head was aching again, so I went home. When we talk about two past actions or events that went on over the same period of time, we can often use the past progressive for both: Sally was reading to the children while Kevin was washing up . We can use the past progressive when we talk about a temporary situation that existed in the past: I was working in a car factory during the summer of 1976. We can use the past progressive when we want to emphasise that the repeated actions only went on for a limited and temporary period of past time: When Carlo was in hospital, we were visiting him twice a day.

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Future Progressive We use the future progressive when we talk about an activity or event going on at a particular time or over a particular period in the future: Next Friday, the President will be celebrating ten years in power. After the operation you won’t be doing any sport for a while. We use the future progressive when the future activity or event is a result of a previous decision or arrangement: He will be taking up his place at university in July (=the result) I ’ll be seeing Tony on Tuesday. That’s when we usually meet. (=arrangement) We can use the future progressive to sound particularly polite when asking about people’s plans: What time will you be coming to baby-sit? We have to be at the theatre by 7 o’clock.

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Practice Put the right form of the verbs in brackets: My aunt often (talk) to herself. Look, Grandpa (talk) to himself. I never (drink) anything with my meals. What you (drink)? – Tonic water. The days (get) longer from January to June. The days (get) longer now. What’s that terrible noise? – My neighbor (drill) the wall. He (do) it every weekend. I wonder if Kate is on a diet. She (get) thinner and thinner. She can’t come to the phone right now. She (wash) her hair. She (wash) it twice a week. Many people (go) to church on Sundays. Hey, people! Where you (go)? Don’t disturb him, he (work). Your husband ever (work) at the weekends? He always (come) at the wrong moments. I (starve), and my feet (kill) me. I (want) to have a rest. Why you (cry), Nicky? – Can’t you see I (cut) onions? You (think) of selling the house? I not (think) it’s the right time to do it. Today in this country we (face) a lot of problems. Hello, is that me you (look) for?

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Practice Translate into English: Когда я вдали от дома, то я с нетерпением жду ( to long for ) того дня, когда вернусь обратно. «Мы обсуждаем тебя или меня?» - спросил он с улыбкой. И что же ты делаешь в Женеве? – Пишу пьесу. Гораздо больше денег в том, что делаешь ты, чем в том, чем занимаюсь я. Он постоянно говорит мне о своих чувствах. Успокойся! Ты же всех раздражаешь! Он подумывает о том, чтобы эмигрировать. Посмотри, девушка на экране рекламирует новый шампунь. Все зависит от того, как он видит свое будущее. – Да, но он ничего не планирует. Взгляни, наш сосед опять бегает по утрам. По-моему, он устанавливает новый рекорд. Он выглядит измученным. Твой английский становится все лучше и лучше. – Да, я занимаюсь с утра до ночи. Я думаю о тебе. Я считаю, что ты чудо, девушка моей мечты. Imagine you are at the nightclub. Write about what people around you are doing.

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Practice Comment on the use of the past progressive: When Ann turned on the TV, the weatherman was giving the weekend forecast for Europe. Diana and I were sitting in the library on Sunday morning reading newspapers. Or rather, she was reading, I was merely glancing through them. To make conversation I asked him what he was doing at Oxford. The noise was caused by the dog , which was chasing a cat through the garden. Summer is slipping away, day by day. The crisis over, Jake was finally feeling better in spirits. As usual, he was being selfish, thinking only about himself. Maxim’s jaw dropped, he was unable to absorb the things he was hearing. I was gazing at people around who were eating pizzas the size of bus wheels. I was liking the boy less and less.

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Practice Translate into English: У него алиби, инспектор. В прошлую субботу в 9 часов вечера он сидел в пивной. Многие люди могут подтвердить это. Извините, я не мог присоединиться к вам, так как смотрел свой любимый фильм. Чем занимался твой сын весь прошлый год? - Он усиленно готовился к вступительным экзаменам в университет. Вечером мы поехали в центр Москвы. Множество людей смотрели концерт на Красной площади, некоторые пели, другие танцевали. Они уже опаздывали, но не могли выйти, потому что шел проливной дождь. Кто-то стучал в дверь, но мы никого не ждали. Никто не мог понять, что происходило. Когда мы пришли в офис, все обсуждали последние события. В доме было спокойно: тикали часы, кошка играла с мячиком, собака спала у камина, дети собирали новые пазлы . Все были очень заняты – они готовились к отъезду. Вчера он целый день лежал на диване: читал, спал, смотрел телевизор. Идея осенила Норриса , когда он наслаждался сигарой.

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Practice Translate the sentences. Comment on the use of the Future Progressive : While you are slicing the cheese, I will be buttering the bread. Good bye. You won’t be seeing me for a long time. We’ll be arriving at Miami airport at exactly this time tomorrow morning. Next Sunday the Prime Minister will be celebrating ten years in power. Whenever I think of you, I will be remembering the shadow of your smile. Will you be wearing your new earrings tonight? Mind, I shall be keeping a very careful eye on you from now on! She’ll be soon coming round the mountains with the first train. But the summer will soon be drawing t an end; it always disappears very quickly. This year we are planning to spend Christmas in England. We will be staying with Diana in her house in the Yorkshire dales.

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Practice Translate into English. В своей следующей лекции ученый будет говорить о сверхъестественных явлениях в этой области. Не волнуйся, Аня будет помогать нам организовывать вечер. Нас не будет в Санкт-Петербурге в августе. Мы будем гостить у родственников в Великом Новгороде. Хотела бы я знать, чем будет заниматься мой брат, пока нас не будет дома. Боюсь, что целыми днями он будет лежать на диване и играть в танки. Ирина не сможет присоединиться к нам вечером. Она будет сидеть с детьми своей двоюродной сестры. Ты весь день будешь пользоваться компьютером? Он мне тоже нужен. Ты не будешь проходить мимо аптеки? Мне нужно лекарство. Интересно, как она будет реагировать на эту новость: будет ли она смеяться или плакать? Не представляю, что будут говорить обо мне люди после этого случая? Студенты будут учить английский язык долго и упорно, пока не заговорят на нем бегло и уверенно.

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Absolutely Perfect Tense Present/Past/Future Perfect Have/has– had – will have done ( 3 rd form of any other verb) Since, for Ever, never, just, already, yet, of late/lately/recently T his morning/evening, today, this weekend, this year (when these periods are not finished at the time of speaking)

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Present Perfect We use the present perfect for an action in the past with the result now: Where’s Linda? She has gone to bed. (she is in bed now) I have lost my passport. (= I cannot find it now) We use the present perfect when we talk about a time from the past until now (like a person’s life): I ’ve been to Canada but I haven’t been to the United States. (in my life) How many times has Brazil won the World Cup? We often use the present perfect when we talk about something that happened in the past but we do not specify precisely when it happened: I have complained about the traffic before. We often use the present perfect to say that the action has been repeated a number of times up to now: They ’ve been to Chile three times . We use the present perfect in the expression This (it) is the first time : This is the first time he has driven a car.

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Present Perfect We do not use the present perfect in: Что Вы сказали? – What did you say? Я не слышал В ашего вопроса. – I did not hear your question. Я забыл. – I forgot. Теперь я понял. – Now I understand. Где Вы купили эту книгу? – Where did you buy the book? We never use the present perfect in questions starting with W hen : When did you see this film? When did you arrive in Britain?

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Past Perfect We use the past perfect to talk about a past situation that took place before another past situation or before a particular time in the past: I had gone to bed before my parents came back home from the theatre . Jo discovered that Leslie had lied to her . We use the past perfect when we say what we wanted or hoped to do, but did not: I had wanted to visit the gallery before I left Florence, but it’s closed on Sundays . Other verbs: expect (to), mean (to), think (about + - ing ). We use the past perfect with already and just (= a very short time before: The film had already begun by the time we got to the cinema. She had just stepped into her office when the telephone rang. We use the past perfect with the conjunctions Hardly/Scarcely/Nearly/Barely/No sooner He had hardly done it when they came. No sooner they had arrived than it started to rain.

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Future Perfect We use the future perfect to say that something will be ended, completed, or achieved by a particular point in the future: By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. Let’s hope the volcanic eruption will have finished before we arrive on the island.

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Practice Translate the sentences. Comment on the use of the present perfect: We live in the life that we have created. I’ve said all I wanted to say on the matter. Alan and Chloe are both down with flu. Thanks God I haven’t caught it from them. The country has made enormous progress this year. The Prime Minister has done so much good. I’ve considered the last two emails from Geneva and I have come to a decision. Wait, you haven’t read the details. So the vendetta has finally ended. You have united the two families at last. You’ve been generous beyond belief. Thank you. Have you ever seen a ghost? We have some success in tennis lately. We’ve run out of sugar. Ask dad to buy two kilos on the way home. Miss Lazy has hardly done any work this week.

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Practice Translate into English: Сколько денег ты истратила на этой неделе? – Я еще не подсчитала. Врач только что позвонил и сказал, что у Насти родился мальчик. Кто это принимает душ в середине дня? – Это Петр, он сегодня не пошел на работу. Фред не курит уже десять лет. В этом году мы скопили не очень много денег. Это будет большая вечеринка? Сколько человек вы пригласили? – Мы еще не составили список. Это именно то, чего я всегда хотела. Голливуд всегда был притягателен для талантов. Мы никогда не забудем того, что вы сделали для нас. За последние несколько лет их отношения значительно улучшились. Я не встречался со своими одноклассниками вот уже пять лет. Майк носит бороду с тех пор, как ему исполнилось 40.

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Practice Answer the questions : Have you ever pretended to be ill to get off work or school? Have you ever cheated in an exam? Have you ever ridden a camel or an elephant? Have you ever hidden any of your earnings from the tax inspector? Have you ever taken anything home with you from a hotel? Have you ever travelled without a ticket on public transport? Have you ever told lies and invented stories about yourself to impress other people? Have you ever met any people who could speak Swahili? Have you ever told your teacher you didn’t do your homework because you forgot the task? Have you answered all the questions honestly?

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Practice Make one sentence using the conjunctions on brackets (e.g. They went to England. They left school. (after) – They went to England after they had left school.) : The sun rose. He woke up. (before) He died. He got the complications. (before) I understood the problem. He explained. (as soon as) She wrote the letter. She went to the post office. (after) I drove to the airport. The plane took off. (when) She read the message carefully. She wrote the reply. (before)He had dinner. He went to the cinema. (after) The man didn’t leave. He didn’t receive a definite answer. (till) We didn’t say a word. He finished his story. (until) We reached the football ground. The game started. (when) John worked as a skilled builder. He began to study architecture. (before) Harold couldn’t leave for home. He completed everything. (till) The traffic was paralyzed. It snowed heavily. (after)

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Practice Translate the sentences. Comment on the use of the past perfect : The programmer had done the work by four o’clock. The policeman asked if there had been any witnesses. By the time we got to the shopping center it had closed. The students had written the test and were checking it. She complained she was penniless as she had spent all her money. It turned out that Dick was ill and he had been ill for a fortnight. We learnt that they had been close friends for many years. Hardly had I turned on the TV, when I heard the shocking news. No sooner had he opened the door than the children rushed to meet him. Scarcely had the inspector opened the envelope when he understood everything. She had a stock of excuses, as usual, when in fact she overslept as usual. By the next morning the snow had turned into a blizzard so thick that the last class of the term was cancelled.

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Practice Answer the questions in the future perfect using the words in brackets (e.g. Will you still be busy if I call you at 6? (finish the work) – Oh, no, we will have finished the work by that time). Will they still be staying at the hotel tomorrow? (move to their new house) Will you be discussing the plan at 2 o’clock? (make a decision) Will your students be writing a test at 10 in the morning? (finish) Will your brother still be a student next autumn? (graduate) Will you still remember me in five years? (forget) Will he be at home on Saturday? (leave for Scotland) Will she be expecting your call tomorrow morning? (receive my email) Will you be having a lesson when I come home? (go the swimming pool) Will you be repairing your car when I come to pick you up at 5? (finish) Will you see Jerry in Atlanta? (leave for New York City)

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Practice Translate into English. К завтрашнему дню я закончу этот отчет. Мы сделаем эту работу к трем часам дня, а потом пойдем в парк. К 20 июня мы сдадим все экзамены. Строители построят школу в новом микрорайоне к 1 сентября. Я переведу статью к понедельнику. Решишь ли ты все свои проблемы до нашей следующей встречи? К концу года цены на бензин снова вырастут. У меня короткая стрижка, но к лету волосы вырастут. К тому времени, как ты доберешься домой, я уже приготовлю пиццу. Программист завершит новую программу до назначенного срока. Я надеюсь. Что напишу дипломную работу к концу учебного года. Комиссия примет решение к концу месяца.