Тесты по английскому языку.
тест

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ, НАУКИ И МОЛОДЕЖНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

  «БРЮХОВЕЦКИЙ АГРАРНЫЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

ТЕСТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ДЛЯ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ.

Рзработано преподавателем английского языка.

Якуба Н.А.

Брюховецкая, 2020 г

Английский  язык

 Вставьте правильный вариант ответа:

I. Перечень тестовых заданий:

1. The book ... in the box.

a)is; b) are; c) am; d)were; e)has.

2. We have  … friends here.

a)a lot of; b)much; c)many; d) little; e)a little.

3. We don’t have … time to stay here long.

a)many; b)much; c)a few; d)few; c)any.

4.  ... you a cousin?

a)have; b) has; c) is; d) are; e)is.

5. I ... a student.

a)is; b) am; c)are; d)has; e)have.

6.Mr. Brown ... a daughter.

a)has; b)have; c) are;d)am; e)is.

    7.Those cars ... red.

a)is; b)are;c)am; d)was; e)has.

   8. She ... a large family.

a)have; b)has; c)am; d)was; e)shall has.

   9. Nick ... my good friend.

a)is; b)are; c)am; d)were; e)has.

10. ... she from England?

a)are; b) is; c)am; d)were; e)has.

11. Mr. And Mrs. Brown have two children. Both ... children are boys.

a)their; b)its; c)my; d)her; e)his.

12. Although Margaret Mead had several assistants during her long

investigations of Samoa, the bulk of the research was done by …. Alone.

a)herself; b)she; c)her; d)hers; e)his.

13.Miss Smith is a teacher. ... students are German.

a)her; b)their; c)hers; d)his; e)them.

14. We are French.... friends are English.

a)our; b)my; c)hers; d)his; e)them.

15. Whenever John appeared before the public, _...___did his best to kick up some

 sort of a scandal.

a) himself; b)him; c) he; d)his; e) she.

16.I have a small cat. ... cat is very funny.

a)his; b)my; c)its; d)his; e) her.

17. My daughter has a dog. ... nose is long.

a)his; b)its; c)her; d)their; e)our.

18. My friends have a new car.... car is very nice.

a)his; b)her; c)their; d)our; e)theirs.

19.London is the capital of ….

a)United States; b)Great Britain; c)Russian Federation; d)Canada; e) German.

20. … of London is more than 9 million people.

a)people; b)population; c)men; d) women; e)mans.

21. London is situated on the river…

a) Severn; b)Thames; c) Rhein; d) Volga; c) Dunay.

22. London is divided into several parts:...

a)the City, the West End, the East End and Hyde Park.

b)theCity, the West End.

c)the City, the West End, the East End

d)the City, the West End, the East End and Westminster

e)the City, the West End, the East End and Bucringham

23. The City is (old) part of London.

a)the eldest; b)the olderest; c)the oldest; d)the older; e)the elder.

24. I … at a quarter to seven.

a) get up; b) gets up; c)get on; d)get off; e) get down.

25. I go to the bathroom, wash myself and clean my … with a tooth-brush.

a)teeths; b)teeth; c)tooths; d)tooth; e)toothes

26. I dress … and sit down to table to have my breakfast.

a)herself; b)myself; c)himself; d)ourselves; e)themselves.

27. I usually …a cup of tea or coffee, an egg and bread and butter.

a)having; b)have; c)makes; d)does; e)has.

28. After … I go to college.

a)dinner; b) breakfast; c)lunch; d)sleeping; e)supper

29. My lessons begin … 9 o’clock.

a)in; b)at; c)over; d)under; e)on.

30.Яхожувколледжпятьразвнеделю.

a)I go to college five day a week;

b)I go to college five days a week;

c)I go to college five days week;

d)I go to college five day in a week;

e)I go to college five day on a week.

31.The United Kingdom f Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated….

a)on the British Isles; b)on the British River; c)on the British Land; d)on the North Land; e)on the West End.

32…. made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

a)Canada; b)the United States; c)the United Kingdom; d)Europe; e)Asia.

33. The capital of England is:

a) London; b) Cardiff; c)Edinburgh; d)Belfast; e)Glasgow.

34. The Severn is … river.

a)the longest; b)the deepest; c)longer; d) the oldest; e)deeper.

35. … is the deepest and the most important river.

a)the Tames; b) the Thames; c) the Themes; d)Temes; e)Tham

36. The Head of the United Kingdom is…:

a)the Queen; b)the prime Minister; c) the Labour Party; d)the Conservative Party;

e)the Liberal Party

37. The country is ruled by the elected government with the … at the head.

a)the Queen; b) the prime Minister; c) the Labour Party; d) the Conservative Party;

e) the Liberal Party

38. The UK is ….

a) a constitutional monarchy; b)a monarchy; c) a republic; d)a river; e) a street.

39. The typical bus in London is ….

a) a blue double-decker; b) a red double-decker; c) a grey double-decker; d) a brown

double-decker; e) a green double-decker.

40.When is Christmas celebrated in Russia?

a)on December,25; b) on January, 7; c) on April, 12; d) on September,1; e) on

May,9.

41.The traditional food on Christmas is…

a) apple; b)potato; c)turkey; d) rice; e) chicken.

42. How many days off are there in a week?

a)1; b) 3; c)2; d)4; e)7.

43. On weekdays people … go to work.

a)must; b)can’t; c)may not; d)can; e) must not.

44. My family consists … three people.

a) in; b) of; c) out; d) on; e) up.

45.Let me introduce… .

a) myself; b) myselves; c) meself; d) himself; e) herself.

46. I have a … sister.

a) old; b) younger; c)youngerest; d) the oldest; e) older

47. What is the name of the People’s Princess?:

a) Ann; b) Nell; c) Diana; d) Natasha; e) Marry.

48.The Thames is … river.

a) the deeper; b) the deepest; c) the deeperest; d) deeper; e) deep.

49.What … you doing here?

a) is; b) am; c) was; d) are; e) will.

50. He … in the hospital.

a) working; b) work; c) works; d) shall work; e) works.

51. ... she from England?

a)are; b) is; c)am; d)were; e)has.

52. Mr. And Mrs. Brown have two children. Both ... children are boys.

a)their; b)its; c)my; d)her; e)his.

53. Although Margaret Mead had several assistants during her long

investigations of Samoa, the bulk of the research was done by …. Alone.

a)herself; b)she; c)her; d)hers; e)his.

54.Miss Smith is a teacher. ... students are German.

a)her; b)their; c)hers; d)his; e)them.

55. We are French.... friends are English.

a)our; b)my; c)hers; d)his; e)them.

56. Whenever John appeared before the public, _...___did his best to kick up some

 sort of a scandal.

a) himself; b)him; c) he; d)his; e) she.

57.I have a small cat. ... cat is very funny.

a)his; b)my; c)its; d)his; e) her.

58. My daughter has a dog. ... nose is long.

a)his; b)its; c)her; d)their; e)our.

59. My friends have a new car.... car is very nice.

a)his; b)her; c)their; d)our; e)theirs.

60.London is the capital of ….

a)United States; b)Great Britain; c)Russian Federation; d)Canada; e) German.

61. … of London is more than 9 million people.

a)people; b)population; c)men; d) women; e)mans.

62. London is situated on the river…

a) Severn; b)Thames; c) Rhein; d) Volga; c) Dunay.

63. London is divided into several parts:...

a)the City, the West End, the East End and Hyde Park.

b)theCity, the West End.

c)the City, the West End, the East End

d)the City, the West End, the East End and Westminster

e)the City, the West End, the East End and Bucringham

64. The City is (old) part of London.

a)the eldest; b)the olderest; c)the oldest; d)the older; e)the elder.

65. I … at a quarter to seven.

a) get up; b) gets up; c)get on; d)get off; e) get down.

66. I go to the bathroom, wash myself and clean my … with a tooth-brush.

a)teeths; b)teeth; c)tooths; d)tooth; e)toothes

67. I dress … and sit down to table to have my breakfast.

a)herself; b)myself; c)himself; d)ourselves; e)themselves.

68. I usually …a cup of tea or coffee, an egg and bread and butter.

a)having; b)have; c)makes; d)does; e)has.

69. After … I go to college.

a)dinner; b) breakfast; c)lunch; d)sleeping; e)supper

70. My lessons begin … 9 o’clock.

a)in; b)at; c)over; d)under; e)on.

71.Яхожув колледж пять раз в неделю.

a)I go to college five day a week;

b)I go to college five days a week;

c)I go to college five days week;

d)I go to college five day in a week;

e)I go to college five day on a week.

72.The United Kingdom f Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated….

a)on the British Isles; b)on the British River; c)on the British Land; d)on the North Land; e)on the West End.

73…. made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

a)Canada; b)the United States; c)the United Kingdom; d)Europe; e)Asia.

74. The capital of England is:

a) London; b) Cardiff; c)Edinburgh; d)Belfast; e)Glasgow.

75. The Severn is … river.

a)the longest; b)the deepest; c)longer; d) the oldest; e)deeper.

76. … is the deepest and the most important river.

a)the Tames; b) the Thames; c) the Themes; d)Temes; e)Tham

77. The Head of the United Kingdom is…:

a)the Queen; b)the prime Minister; c) the Labour Party; d)the Conservative Party;

e)the Liberal Party

78. The country is ruled by the elected government with the … at the head.

a)the Queen; b) the prime Minister; c) the Labour Party; d) the Conservative Party;

e) the Liberal Party

79. The UK is ….

a) a constitutional monarchy; b)a monarchy; c) a republic; d)a river; e) a street.

80. The typical bus in London is ….

a) a blue double-decker; b) a red double-decker; c) a grey double-decker; d) a brown

double-decker; e) a green double-decker.

81.When is Christmas celebrated in Russia?

a)on December,25; b) on January, 7; c) on April, 12; d) on September,1; e) on

May,9.

82.The traditional food on Christmas is…

a) apple; b)potato; c)turkey; d) rice; e) chicken.

83. How many days off are there in a week?

a)1; b) 3; c)2; d)4; e)7.

84. On weekdays people … go to work.

a)must; b)can’t; c)may not; d)can; e) must not.

85. My family consists … three people.

a) in; b) of; c) out; d) on; e) up.

86.Let me introduce… .

a) myself; b) myselves; c) meself; d) himself; e) herself.

87. I have a … sister.

a) old; b) younger; c)youngerest; d) the oldest; e) older

88. What is the name of the People’s Princess?:

a) Ann; b) Nell; c) Diana; d) Natasha; e) Marry.

89.The Thames is … river.

a) the deeper; b) the deepest; c) the deeperest; d) deeper; e) deep.

90.What … you doing here?

a) is; b) am; c) was; d) are; e) will.

91. He … in the hospital.

a) working; b) work; c) works; d) shall work; e) works.

92.He ... two pets at home.

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

93.They ... a very nice flat in Moscow.

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

94. Peter ... many friends at school.

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

95. You ... many English books at home:

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

96. Did you … a nice dinner after the theatre?

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

97. The actor … played the leading role was a great success.

a) which; b) who; c) of; d) that; e) why.

98. The actor which played the leading role … a great success.

a) has;b) was; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

99. ... she any brothers or sisters? — Yes, she ... two brothers and a sister.

a) has, has; b) have, have; c) has, have; d) have, has; e) have, had

100. My mother ... three children.

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

101. I ... two cousins, an aunt and an uncle.

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

102. His wife … as a nurse in the same hospital.

a)work; b) works; c) working; d) shall works; e) shall work.

103.The Victoria … a large and comfortable hotel in the centre of Oxford.

a) is; b) were; c) are; d) shall; e) am

104.John was angry with … for not calling Jane on the day of her birthday.

a) him; b) himself; c) herself; d) themselves; e) her.

105. This pencil … broken. Give me that pencil, please.

a) are; b) am; c) is; d) were; e) have.

106. There … two restaurants, a coffee shop, a bar, and a beautiful lounge.

a) are; b) am; c) is; d) were; e) have.

107. All the bedrooms … colour television, telephones and central heating.

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

108. The hotel… a lift and a car park.

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

109……people spend … their time at work.

a) most, most of; b) most, most; c) most, most no; d)no most, most of; c)

most no, most of.

110. I'd like to have the         piano … home.

a) on; b) at; c) in; d) under; c) near.

111…. you play the piano?

1. may; b) must; c) can; d) have; e) be able.

112.Have you got … money?

a)few; b) any; c) a few; d) many; e) some.

113.How much money have you got? - ….

a) no; b) none; c) yes; d) many; e) any.

114. Mount McKinley … in Alaska.

a) are; b) am; c) is; d) were; e) have.

115.National Gallery … to the north of the Trafalgar Square.

a) are; b) am; c) is; d) were; e) have.

116. There’s no need to hurry. We have … time.

 a) a little; b) any; c) no; d) few; e) a few.

117. … you spend all the money yesterday?

a) have; b) do; c) did; d) shall; e) will.

118. We … there whole week in 2010.

a)spend; b) spended; c) spent; d)will spend; e) shall spend.

119. You'd better take a        raincoat with … .

a) you; b) yourself; c) me; d) he: e) us.

120. The sixteen of May nineteen fife.

a) 16 Мая 1805; b) 16 Мая 1905; c) 15 Мая 1805; d) 16 Мая 1806; e) 16 Мая 1804.

121. None of our friends … their home task yesterday.

a) do; b)done; c) does; d) have; e) did.

122. I tried to do this only …. Times.

a) little; b) a few; c) a little; d) much; e) any.

123. They say that these four movies are worth seeing.  But I didn't like … of them.

a) neither; b) any; c) some; d) no; e) much.

124. When do you usually get up on your week- days?

a) usually I get up in 7 o’clock; b) usually I get up at 7 o’clock; c) usually I get up on 7 o’clock; d) usually I get up by 7 o’clock; e) usually I get up to 7 o’clock.

125. a foot.

a) feet; b) foots; c) footes; d) fot; e) footed.

126. a tooth.

a) teeth; b)  tooths; e) tothes; d) toothes; e) teth.

127. When do you get home after classes?

a) at three o’clock; b) in three o’clock; c) on three o’clock; d) by three o’clock; e) to three o’clock.

128. …  of you  should do …  own task.

a) each, his; b) each, your; c) each, her; d) each, my; e) each, their.

129.  There is … snow in winter.

a) much; b) many; c) a few; d) few; e) some.

130.  There …5 theatres in our city.

a)are; b) is; c) was; d) have; e) has.

131. There … no lift in our house.

a)are; b) is; c) was; d) have; e) has.

132. There … …  new books in our library:

a) are many; b) are much; c) is much; d) is many; e) is some.

133. There is … milk in the bottle.

a) little; b) few; c) many; d) a few; e) much.

134. There …  3 rooms in our flat.

a)are; b) is; c) was; d) have; e) has.

135. There … a map on the wall.

a)are; b) is; c) were; d) have; e) has.

136.They were in England …1980.

a) in; b) at; c) on; d) by; e) near.

137. I … at a party.

a)are; b) is; c) was; d) have; e) has.

138. My birthday is … the tenth of October.

a) on; b) in: c) at; d) to; e) by.

139. We land … ten minutes.

a) in; b)at; c) on; d) to; e) near.

140. He studies … 8.15 … 4.00.

a) from, to; b) at, to; c) to, to; d) from, at; e) from, in.

141.She fell in love … his voice.

a) with; b) in; c) on; d) at; e) of.

142. I … believe this story.  

a) will not; b) does not; c) do not; d) was not; e) were not.

143 … is the administrative centre.

a) Westminster; b) City; c) Paris; d) East End; e) Big Ben

144. The Houses of Parliament is a very beautiful building with two towers and a very big clock called  …

a) Tower Ben; b) Ben Nevis; c) Big Ben; d) Westminster; e) City.

145. Opposite … is Westminster Abbey.

a) Big Ben; b) the Houses of Parliament; c) Westminster; d) City; e) Trafalgar Square.
146. There are no parks or gardens … and you can see many plants and factories there.

a)  in the East End; b) in the West End; c) in the City; d) Trafalgar Square; e) Westminster.

147.  … is residence of the Queen.

a) Westminster; b) Buckingham Palace; c) the Houses of Parliament; d) Trafalgar Square; e) Big Ben.

148. Our flat is on the  … floor.

a)  four; b) fourth; c) three; d) five; e) ten.

149. It has all modern…: central heating, gas, electricity, cold and hot water.

a) conveniences; b) convenience; c) convenienc

150. The bedroom is …  than the living-room.

a) smalle; b) smaller; c) smallest; d) the smallest; e) small.

151.The warmest place in our flat is …

a) the sink; b) the chute; c) the kitchen; d) floor; e) corridor.

152. … is the largest and most comfortable room in the flat.

a) living-room; b) stove; c) wardrobe; d) kitchen; e) corridor.

153.carpet

a) сервант; b) шкаф; c) ковер; d) диванная подушка; e) стул.

154.room

a) гостиная; b) кабинет; c) кухня; d) ванная комната; e) спальня.

155. study

a) гостиная; b) кабинет; c) кухня; d) ванная комната; e) спальня.

156. kitchen

a) гостиная; b) кабинет; c) кухня; d) ванная комната; e) спальня.

157. bathroom

a) гостиная; b) кабинет; c) кухня; d) ванная комната; e) спальня.

158. chute

a) раковина; b) печь; c) холодильник; d) мусоропровод; e) ковер.

159. sink

a) раковина; b) печь; c) холодильник; d) мусоропровод; e) ковер.

160. stove

a) раковина; b) печь; c) холодильник; d) мусоропровод; e) ковер.

161. fridge

a) раковина; b) печь; c) холодильник; d) мусоропровод; e) ковер.

162. conveniences

a) удобства; b) встроенный шкаф; c) хорошо оборудованный; d) квартира; e) ) мусоропровод.

163. a built-in wardrobe

a) удобства; b) встроенный шкаф; c) хорошо оборудованный; d) квартира; e) ) мусоропровод.

164. well-equipped

a) удобства; b) встроенный шкаф; c) хорошо оборудованный; d) квартира; e) ) мусоропровод.

165. apartment

a) удобства; b) встроенный шкаф; c) хорошо оборудованный; d) квартира; e) ) мусоропровод.

166. The capital of England is:

a) London; b) Cardiff; c)Edinburgh; d)Belfast; e)Glasgow.

167. The Severn is … river.

a)the longest; b)the deepest; c)longer; d) the oldest; e)deeper.

168. … is the deepest and the most important river.

a)the Tames; b) the Thames; c) the Themes; d)Temes; e)Tham

169. The Head of the United Kingdom is…:

a)the Queen; b)the prime Minister; c) the Labour Party; d)the Conservative Party;

e)the Liberal Party

170. The country is ruled by the elected government with the … at the head.

a)the Queen; b) the prime Minister; c) the Labour Party; d) the Conservative Party;

e) the Liberal Party

171. The UK is ….

a) a constitutional monarchy; b)a monarchy; c) a republic; d)a river; e) a street.

172. The typical bus in London is ….

a) a blue double-decker; b) a red double-decker; c) a grey double-decker; d) a brown

double-decker; e) a green double-decker.

173. Did you … a nice dinner after the theatre?

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

174. The actor … played the leading role was a great success.

a) which; b) who; c) of; d) that; e) why.

175. The actor which played the leading role … a great success.

a) has;b) was; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

176. ... she any brothers or sisters? — Yes, she ... two brothers and a sister.

a) has, has; b) have, have; c) has, have; d) have, has; e) have, had

177. My mother ... three children.

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

178. I ... two cousins, an aunt and an uncle.

a) has;b) have; c) shall have; d) having; c) is.

180. His wife … as a nurse in the same hospital.

a)work; b) works; c) working; d) shall works; e) shall work.

181.The Victoria … a large and comfortable hotel in the centre of Oxford.

a) is; b) were; c) are; d) shall; e) am

II. Перечень типовых текстов для проведения дистанционного обучения:

FUEL SYSTEM

The fuel system is designed, to store liquid gasoline and to deliver it to the engine cylinders on the intake strokes in the form of vapour mixed with air. The fuel system must vary the proportions of air and gasoline vapour to meet the requirements of the various operations conditions. The fuel system consists of a tank in which the liquid gasoline is stored, a fuel line, or tube, through which the gasoline can be brought from the tank to the engine, a pump, which pulls the gasoline through the fuel line, and a carburetor, which mixes the gasoline with air. The carburetor is designed to mix each pound of gasoline with 9 to 15 pounds of air under various operating conditions.

BRAKES

It is not necessary to explain the importance of brakes. It is clear that without brakes the car is quite helpless. They must be well and strongly made. It is necessary to give them close and careful attention. There are two sets of brakes, one for ordinary service, called the service brakes, and the other for emergency use, called the emergency brakes. Sometimes both are mounted inside the same drum. Sometimes one is outside and the other - inside The service brake is operated by a pedal. The emergency brake is operated by a lever.

DRIVIHG SYSTEM

When the motor - car has to be sat in motion first of all it is necessary to start the engine. When the engine is running you start the car. By means of a pedal, the operator at his will, connects or disconnects the engine with the transmission. This device is called a clutch. Clutches are divided into two main groups: cone clutches and disc clutches. In the former group two cone surfaces are used to convey the drive. The cones are normally pressed into contact with one or another by means of a single powerful coil spring. This type of clutch is old and is now used only to a limited extent. There exist two types of disc clutches: the multiple disc type, and the single plate type.

There exist two types of disc clutches: the multiple disc type and the single plate type. The, multiple clutch is composed of a number of driving and driven discs. The driving discs have teeth on their outer diameter. They mesh with the internal teeth of: the internal teeth of the flywheel, sliding and turning it. When the flywheel revolves these discs revolve with it. The driven discs have teeth on their inner diameter. They are attached to the clutch shaft by means of splines. They can slide on the shaft. They are so fixed that they must rotate when the clutch shaft revolves. The driving discs continue to revolve with the flywheel while the driven discs rotate at the same speed as the clutch shaft.

HOW THE ENGINE IS WATER-COOLED?

The majority of engines are cooled by means of water. The cylinder head, the combustion chamber and the valve seats are surrounded by hollow spaces known as water jackets. They are filled with water. These jackets are connected by pipes to the top and to the bottom of the radiator. The radiator is mounted at the front of the car. There are two circulating methods: pump and thermo-syphon. In the pump system, the pump is placed in the bottom water passage. It is driven by the engine and forces the cooled water into the jackets. It forces the heated water to the top of the radiator where it is cooled again.

In the thermo-syphon system of water cooling there is no pump. The system is based on the fact; that hot water is lighter than cold water and has a tendency to rise. So when the water in the jackets of a thermo-syphon cooled engine gets hot, it rises to the top and enters the radiator through the upper pipe. Here it is cooled and goes to the bottom of the radiator and from there back to the jackets. The circulation is entirely automatic and continues as long as there is a difference in temperature between the water in the radiator and that in the jackets. There is a variety of designs in the structure of the radiators The two main types are tubular and honey comb type.

In the tubular type а series of flat vertical tubes connect two tanks. The honey comb type is built up of short tubes placed horizontally. Their ends are soldered together, making a labyrinth of narrow spaces between the tubes. These spaces are filled with cooled water. Tubes of various shapes are used round, square, hexagonal. A cock is placed at the lowest point of the radiator to drain off water when it is necessary. Behind the radiator a fan is provided to blow cool air on the tubes containing water. It is driven by a belt from a pulley on the crankshaft.

DRIVER’S CABIN

There are many control levers in the driver’s cabin. In front of the driver’s seat there are the steering column and the steering wheel. In the middle of the steering wheel there is the horn button. There is also a lighting switch on the steering wheel. What pedal is this? It is the brake pedal. What pedal is to the left of it? It is the clutch pedal. Where is the accelerator pedal? It is to the right of the brake pedal. What pedal is at the foot of the steering column? It is the starter pedal. There is a gear shift lever to the right of the driver. The hand brake lever is beside it.

THE CHASSIS ASD THE BODY.

We divide the car into two capital parts: the chassis and the body. The chassis is the lower part of the car. It consists of a frame with axles, wheels and springs, and an engine which transmits the motion through, the transmission, to the wheels. The engine consists of a, cylinder block, crankcase, crankshaft and many other parts. The crankshaft sets in motion the flywheel.

Transmission consists of. the clutch the gear box, drive shafts and propeller shafts. The body is the upper part of the car. It is designed according to the capacity of the frame.

STARTER MOTOR

The starter motor is mounted on the left side of the engine. It is a small motor enclosed to prevent the dust and moisture from entering. The gear on the starter shaft is so arranged that. It can be put into engagement with a toothed ring cut on the periphery of the flywheel. The starter is only required to work for a few seconds. An automatic disengagement gear is used to put it out of action when the engine is started.

A steel rod connects it with the pedal that projects through the floor of the driver’s cabin. All that is necessary to start the car, is to press the starting pedal.

HOW THE DRIVER STARTS THE CAR?

Low Speed. The driver releases the hand brake lever and presses on the clutch pedal in order to disengage the clutch. He moves the gear shift lever to the left and  back. It is the low speed position. He releases pressure on the clutch pedal and at the same time presses lightly on the accelerator pedal. Now the car is started. He releases the second speed.

Second Speed. The driver released pressure on the accelerator and again disengages the clutch. He moves the gear shift lever through the neutral position. He returns the clutch pedal to its normal position and presses on the accelerator pedal. That is all. He engages the high speed.

High Speed. The driver disengages the clutch as before. He pulls the gear shift lever back from the second position. He increases the speed of the engine. He looks at the speedometer.

WНАТ IS AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE?

The gasoline engine is that type of machine where power generated within the cylinders. The engine is set in motion by the explosions of a mixture of gasoline and air.

Combustion takes place above the pistons. The detachable head is secured to the top of the cylinder block. It encloses the cylinder block and forms the combustion chamber. When the fuel is burnt within the cylinders the expansion of gases is used for producing piston movement. Such a type of engine is called the internal combustion engine.

In any internal combustion engine the gas charge is drawn into the cylinder.

The internal combustion engine converts heat into mechanical energy by burning a mixture of oil fuel and air within its cylinder or cylinders. The internal combustion engine consists of the following: 1. A cylinder (there may be several). 2. A piston which moves up and down inside cylinder. 3. A crankshaft connected to the piston by a rod known as a connecting rod. The connecting rod turns the up-and-down motion of the piston into a rotary motion of the crankshaft. 4. A flywheel which keeps the crankshaft moving when the pressure is exerted upon the top of the piston. 5. Two valves known as the inlet valve and the exhaust valve. 6. A camshaft which is used to open and close the valves. 'Combustion engines may be divided into types according to the duration of the cycle on which they operate. By a cycle is meant the succession of operations in the engine cylinder which constantly repeats itself. The great majority of modern automobile engines operate on the four-stroke cycle.

It is completed in four strokes of the piston, or during two revolutions of the crankshaft. Engines are also being built to operate on a cycle which is completed in two piston strokes. The four-stroke cycle comprises the following four phases or operations, which succeed one another in the order in which they are given: Admission of the charge to the cylinder. Compression of the charge. Combustion of the charge. Expulsion of the products of combustion.