CONTENT                                                                        

Introduction                                                                         2

1. Theoretical part                                                                 3

1.1. High technology in our life.                                                 3

1.2. Specifications of the device:                                                 4

1.3. Looking for a solution.                                                         4

1.4. Structural scheme of the device.                                                 5

1.5. Algorithms and paradigms are used by our device.                           5

2. The practical part.                                                                 8

2.1. Making process.                                                                 8

2.2. Programming of the device.                                                 9

3. Conclusion.                                                                                   12

Introduction

Actuality of theme: the object of the work is interesting to anyone who needs quick access to phone notifications when there is no opportunity to use the gadget itself (at the meeting, in public transport, outside and other situations.).

Research problem: making a market research and technical characteristics of devices on the market, we came to conclusion that the devices meet the requirements put forward was not found.

The object and purpose of the project - Smart Watch.

Hypothesis: is it possible to produce home-made Smart Watch which is not distinguished according to the functionality from existing analogues.

Project purposes and tasks:

1. Produce innovative in character device satisfying or exceeding the requirements put forward.

2. Apply a medium-term fiscal micro-project scientific and technical focus.

Methods of the research:

• Comparative analysis of the submitted devices on the market.

• A comprehensive comparison of price /characteristics.

1. Theoretical part.

1.1 High technology in our life.

The rapid development of science and technology, especially in the last decade has changed the thinking of modern man: the transition to digital technology and the spread of information technology has made our lives more comfortable.

The advent of mobile phones have made a real revolution. They have changed our approach to work, study, entertainment and other aspects of our lives. High technology has penetrated into all spheres of human life. Our body tomography scans our bodies in hospitals. There are modern computers and devices that provide access to the Internet at schools, and there are various devices for computations and experiments in academia. PC, mobile communications, the Internet, automated production lines - this is not a complete list of computer technologies. Not so long ago to have a personal computer can`t everyone. Now we can`t imagine our life without mobile phone, and computers are in almost every home.

Moreover, in fact that is not the whole list of gadgets that help us in modern life. You can endlessly talk about the opportunities and the role of high technology in the organization and order of our society. But the obvious fact that the development of medicine and business, science and education, transport and other spheres of human activity is impossible without the development of high technologies.

Modern phones are not only allows you to stay connected 24 hours a day, but also to know everything about everything. Thus, it is enough to be connected to the point WI-FI, or the mobile Internet. As our phones have become our personal secretary, which will awaken at the right time, to remind you of birthdays of the friends, important meeting, even work with documents can do on a modern smartphone without leaving your home. Any first heard the word, we can look in the encyclopedia at your fingertips, and it takes less than a minute. Moreover, thanks to modern technology, we can let their children walk as his mobile reveals its location without the excitement and experiences. Even the getting into an unknown location you can easily find the right way, at the same time we must not be an astrologer or a pathfinder. Just enough to have on hand the phone.

Probably, many of us faced with a situation when someone calls your phone, and it is hidden in a bag or in your pocket.

You start frantically looking for it to get. It`s very well if it does not fall out of the hand. If this situation happens outside in a bad weather or in the subway, at a bus stop and if you listen to music and want to change track or the volume, then get modern smartphone is not as convenient as they now compete thinner / more. Faced with such inconveniences, it was an attempt to find a solution to get rid of these inconveniences.

1.2 Specifications of the device:

• Bluetooth Low Energy Communication standard (BLE)

• Work on one battery charge time is about 5 days

• Ability to use with one hand

• Display notifications (calls / SMS)

Smart Watch can display the following types of notifications hours:

• Calls. The clock starts to vibrate and allow to reject the call without touching the phone at all;

• E-mail, you can`t receive notification for all mailboxes, but only for selected;

• WhatsApp (if necessary).

1.3 Looking for a solution:

After a market study of such devices, we faced with the fact that the unique, satisfying all requirements at once, but they weren`t found.There were devices satisfy most of the requirements, but they are on the heavy side by extraneous features that have let to a rapid consumption of energy and the need to charge the device every night. That made us to develop independently similar device for personal use.

We decided to get a device that not only satisfies the set requirements, but also require little financial investment and using common components. The following components were selected for a prototype:

• Controller ARM Cortex-M3 STM32F103C8T6

• BLE module on the chip CC2541

• Battery Controller MCP73831T-2ACI / OT

• 3 axis accelerometer LIS3DH

• The display with the controller ST7735

Most of the components were purchased through the company AliExpress.

1.4. Structural scheme of the device:

1.5.  Algorithms and paradigms are used by our device:

1.5.1. Bresenham's line algorithm.

Bresenham's line algorithm is an algorithm that determines the points of an n-dimensional raster that should be selected in order to form a close approximation to a straight line between two points. It is commonly used to draw line primitives in a bitmap image (e.g. on a computer screen), as it uses only integer addition, subtraction and bit shifting, all of which are very cheap operations in standard computer architectures. It is an incremental error algorithm. It is one of the earliest algorithms developed in the field of computer graphics. An extension to the original algorithm may be used for drawing circles.

While algorithms such as Wu's algorithm are also frequently used in modern computer graphics because they can support antialiasing, the speed and simplicity of Bresenham's line algorithm means that it is still important. The algorithm is used in hardware such as plotters and in the graphics chips of modern graphics cards. It can also be found in many software graphics libraries. Because the algorithm is very simple, it is often implemented in either the firmware or the graphics hardware of modern graphics cards.

The label "Bresenham" is used today for a family of algorithms extending or modifying Bresenham's original algorithm.

1.5.2. Event-driven programming

In computer programming, event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the flow of the program is determined by events such as user actions (mouse clicks, key presses), sensor outputs, or messages from other programs/threads. Event-driven programming is the dominant paradigm used in graphical user interfaces and other applications (e.g. JavaScript web applications) that are centered on performing certain actions in response to user input.

In an event-driven application, there is generally a main loop that listens for events, and then triggers a callback function when one of those events is detected. In embedded systems the same may be achieved using hardware interrupts instead of a constantly running main loop. Event-driven programs can be written in any programming language, although the task is easier in languages that provide high-level abstractions, such as closures.

1.5.3. Automata-based programming

Automata-based programming is a programming paradigm in which the program or part of it is thought of as a model of a finite state machine (FSM) or any other (often more complicated) formal automaton (see automata theory). Sometimes a potentially infinite set of possible states is introduced, and such a set can have a complicated structure, not just an enumeration.

FSM-based programming is generally the same, but, formally speaking, doesn't cover all possible variants, as FSM stands for finite state machine, and automata-based programming doesn't necessarily employ FSMs in the strict sense.

The following properties are key indicators for automata-based programming:

1. The time period of the program's execution is clearly separated down to the steps of the automaton. Each of the steps is effectively an execution of a code section (same for all the steps), which has a single entry point. Such a section can be a function or other routine, or just a cycle body. The step section might be divided down to subsections to be executed depending on different states, although this is not necessary.
2. Any communication between the steps is only possible via the explicitly noted set of variables named the state. Between any two steps, the program (or its part created using the automata-based technique) can not have implicit components of its state, such as local (stack) variables' values, return addresses, the current instruction pointer, etc. That is, the state of the whole program, taken at any two moments of entering the step of the automaton, can only differ in the values of the variables being considered as the state of the automaton.

2. Practical part.

2.1 Making process:

As one of the requirements is to minimize costs, it was decidedto produce a printed circuit board for the device yourself.

Chemical etching method inferric chloride solution was selectedfor the manufacture of a printed circuit board.For this process, it is necessary to form a copper surface protective coating for the conductors. Photoresist Dry Film method just for this, so it has high accuracy, high repeatability of results. The photoresist Ordyl Alpha 350 was selected for our device, which provides accuracy of 35 microns.

I. Materials:

• Film for inkjet photo printers Lamond

• Photoresist Ordyl Alpha 350

• Soda ash  Na2CO3

• Caustic soda NaOH

• Foil glass fiber

• Abrasive detergents Pemolux

II. Instruments:

• Epson Artisan 730 Photo Printer

• Scissors for paper

• Tray of domestic container products

• Solid carbide drills VK6M (tungsten carbide)

• Micro drill Dremel 3000

• Laminator

• UV lamp with a wavelength of 390-405 nm

• Photo roller or the shaft of the laminator

III. Procedure for the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCB):

• Thoroughly rinse the board with detergent
• Wash off the detergent
• Immerse the circuit board electronic into the tank with water and applied the photoresisto the surface board
• Roll out gently the photoresist with the roller on the surface of the board
• Skip to the RF board in paper envelope through the laminator
•  Leave to cool and dry board for 4-8 hours
• Print a photo mask on a transparent foil and allow to dry paint
• Set a photomask to the surface of the board
• Perform illumination board through a mask using a UV lamp for 4 min.
• Remove the protective film DF
• Place the circuit board in the 3-5% Na2CO3 solution and shake the bath with the solution will not fully manifest drawing board and does not wash off not Light Damaged photoresist.

• Clean the circuit board under running water with a temperature of 30-40C

• Place the circuit board in a container with a solution of ferric chloride

• Remove thecircuit board after the complete dissolution of the copper not protected by the FR

• Rinse it under running water fee

• Place thecircuit board in the solution of NaOH

• Remove thecircuit board after complete removal of residues FR

• Clean the circuit board under running water and dry.

IV. Making the device:

To install components to PCB, we will need the following tools:

• Soldering Station ESD (Ersa I-Con Nano)

• Thin tweezers

• Wire cutters

• The third soldering hand

You need the following materials:

• BGA Flux (NC-559)

• Soldering wire (Asahi 60/40)

• Solder flux cleaner

2.2 Programming of the device.

We need such tools as:

• oscillograph

• Logic Analyzer

• Hardware Debuggers (ST-Link v. 2)

Software:

• Linux Operating System

• The compiler G ++ for ARM

• Debugger GGB

• Build System Make

Firmware Procedure:

Because our device limited dimensions, it was decided to use the SWD debug bus because it only requires four signal lines, unlike JTAG interface, which requires at least 10 signal lines.

Connect the device to the debugger ST-Link using 4 wires. Next, run the ST-Link gdb-server. Start the ST-Link st-flash, which flashes the software in our device.

Compilation.

To compile, you must create a file-script, which describes the structure of the microprocessor,  the location and the size of RAM and flash memory. Also, it is necessary to indicate which sections of object files should be placed in the output flash file.

And should specify the size and location of the memory region used for the software stack.

To use C / C ++ programming language is required to prepare a startup code that configures the microprocessor to execute code written in the above language.

Microcontroller program should begin with the code responsible for setting SoC peripherals. In particular, it should adjust the timing-core system:

• Set the clock source (HSI, HSE)

• Set PLL multiplier

• Set PLL divider

• Set the system clock dividers tires.

• Turn timing tires

• Include clock used by peripheral

• Set the parameters of peripheral (USART parameters

The next step is to configure the peripherals connected to the SoC:

• Set up and LCD module

• Enabling and activation module BLE

• Setting the PIN to connect your phone

In completing of these steps, the program goes to the basic cycle of operation which is divided into two parts:

• Selection of events (polling, hardware interrupt servicing)

• Event Processing

Event Selection:

For a sample of events that need to be serviced, it uses a hybrid approach, that is, the combination of poll model and interrupt. So we can provide a quick response to changes in evidence, such as an accelerometer, and at the same time to handle the notification sent to your phone.

Event Processing:

 A set of machines is applies for event processing. Every single machine is an event handler for a specific system (LCD, BlueTooth, Keys). This approach simplifies the writing and debugging programmes, at the same time has sufficient flexibility.

 Keystrokes handling code represents the separate complexity, as mechanical buttons, then we have to be unpleasant feature of their work, the so-called "chattering" contacts. That is, when you click in the SoC receives more than one signal "Pressed / Released," and a series of signals, the next in random order. To combat this problem use a hardware solution in the form of a low-pass filter and Schmitt trigger, a software filter. Because we limit the overall dimensions, the 2nd approach, implemented with a software filter time constant 10ms was selected, and it is possible to get rid of false positives.

Сonclusion

The world of electronics is constantly in the process of evolution. It is human nature to innovate and improve. At the same time, all tasks become more complex, and the technique starts to work longer for your needs, and ... instead of you. Innovation today, the so-called know-how - "smart watches. However, many of you are so still and did not understand - why and what is needed smart watch or smart bracelets? Moreover, a clear answer to this question can`t even give many consultants electronics stores.

At first, the appointment in a wristwatch was one - show time. But time does not stand still, and people invent something new, including "Hybrids" - devices that can perform not one but a variety of functions, and everywhere they have the support of the Internet. Example: The phone has evolved into a smartphone. The latter has already dependent on the Internet, and any modern man using a smartphone, gives him the Internet is almost constant. Now the World Wide Web has come into the watch. Ordinary watches can be called "endangered kinds," because for many of us no longer need for their functional purpose. You can always know what the time is on lying in the pocket of your smartphone or tablet in your bag. However, there is another purpose of the watch, it`s an indicator of the status of the owner.  Therefore, nowadays it makes sense to buy as an expensive jewelry or as a suitable accessory to the suit. Will the smart watch be "the symbol of the success"? Why not? I'm sure they will produce in the beautiful design watch-case and encrusted with diamonds some time later. Swiss "smart watch"? Hmm ...

Yes, the watches of the XXI century are not only smarter, but also more interesting. Now they help us not only in the problem of time management. Today, the smart watch can: remind you of meetings; show the weather forecast; notification of missed calls on your phone; measure your heart rate during exercise; and much more. It turns out, such a device, is placed on your hand, it helps to release those hands. And, if you say «I do not need it», and you can safely throw away your ordinary watch, because you don`t need them too.

Nowadays, where everything is changing rapidly, it is important to have quick access to incoming information. So many electronics manufacturers can see more sales prospects in this segment. The manufacturers try to build in smart watches are more and more functions in hope to satisfy all the desires of the buyer, and we get the price increases device as a result, and a set of inexpensive devices functions does not always meet our requirements. Generally, the common person does not use all functions of the devices; we use only the main ones.  It turns out that the user overpays for unneeded option.

We were able to confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of creating high-tech devices at home that meets our requirements for technical specifications, and also we have shown that the manufacture of the device even at home the cost of an order of magnitude lower than the price of similar devices currently available on the market of electronic accessories .

We started to write the programme in LINUX operating system.

Software is divided into two parts:

The 1st part works in the watch. The 2nd part works on phone running Android operating system.

These 2 parts establish a connection to each other. Telephone uses commands for display events on the watch. They are sms and incoming calls.  Our smart watch sends the answers with the user's actions to the phone. We can demonstrate the work of these commands with the test software.

The next step we have developed a 3D model of the watch, and it was printed on a 3D printer.

As a result, we've got this device, but my project is not completed, I need more time to finish the software. I'm working on it.

In the future, my device will be able to manage the player, show SMS and it will have the Power saving function and motion control. I will try to do it very soon.

Finally, when I finish a program for my watch, I will have a cheap functional analog of the expensive smart watch.