Исследовательский проект по английскому языку «Сленговые выражения в английском языке»

Муниципальное образование «Городской округ Мытищи Московской области»

МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ                  УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

«СРЕДНЯЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА №24»

                      имени 9-ой Гвардейской Краснознаменной стрелковой дивизии

Исследовательский проект по английскому языку

«Сленговые выражения в английском языке»

2022 г.

Content

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………3

Main part……………………………………………………………………...5

Chapter 1. Theoretical part ……………………………………………………...5

1. 1. The concept of "slang" ………………………………………………………………...5

1.2. Types of slang ………………………………………………………………………6

Chapter 2. Practical research ……………………………………………..8

2. 1. Differences between British and American slang …………………… 8

2. 2. The use of slang expressions in the cartoon "Madagascar" ...... .9

Conclusion………………………………………………………………..………..10

List of literary sources………………………………………………..11

Applications………………………………………………………………..…….12

   English is the international language these days. It is used in all spheres of human activity: socio-economic, scientific, technical and general cultural. The English language performs not only the function of an intermediary in the communication of people, but also is the bearer of the country's culture.   

The topic of my research work was the slang expressions of the studied foreign language. The reason for choosing this topic was the interest in slang, which is often used in the speech of actors in cartoons and films, as well as in books by contemporary authors in English..

     The topic is also relevant due to the fact that today teenagers in Russia use slang expressions of the English language when communicating on social networks on the Internet. Moreover, a small number of slang expressions can be found in school textbooks in English. Thus, there is a need to study this topic.     

Knowledge of English slang helps to expand vocabulary, make the speaker's speech more figurative and vivid, and also maintain interest in learning the language.   

All of the above implies a special emphasis on the slang of the English language, thereby determining the relevance of the chosen topic of the project.

     In the course of working on this topic, I put forward the following hypothesis: a person who knows the slang expressions of the English language is more attached to the culture of the country, and is also more capable of understanding colloquial speech and conducting a dialogue with a native speaker.

The object of my research is the slang expressions of the English language.

     The subject of the research is the use of slang expressions in films and cartoons in English.

     The purpose of my research project is to increase the interest of students in my school in learning English through the use of slang in speech.

     To achieve this goal, I have set the following tasks:

- to study the concept of "slang";

- consider the types of slang;

 identify differences between British and American slang;

 draw up a memo "Differences between British and American English";

 find exercises aimed at the formation of lexical skills;

 watch the cartoon in English;

 identify slang expressions in the speech of cartoon characters.

Research methods:

 theoretical analysis and generalization of literature;

- comparison;

- sampling.

     The novelty of my research work is to find slang expressions in the cartoon "Madagascar", as well as to develop a memo that includes the differences between British and American English.  

The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used both by students to improve their educational level, and by English teachers to increase students' motivation to study the subject. The materials of the work can be useful for conducting English lessons, as well as extracurricular activities on the subject. In addition, they can be used to prepare for competitions at various levels.

Chapter 1. Theoretical part

1.1. The concept of "slang"

     The concept of "slang" is one of the most controversial and not yet fully explored issues in both English and Russian linguistics.

     The most famous slangologist in the world is Eric Partridge, who collected a huge amount of material, published several works, and also created a number of dictionaries. In addition to him, such linguists as J. Greenock, K. I. Kittridge, O. Jespersen, J. Murray and others were engaged in the study of slang..

     It is assumed that the word "slang" itself is formed from the abbreviated phrase beggars' language or rogues' language (prison language). The ending from the first noun was added to the next word, and the final syllable from the second word was dropped.

     The word "slang" first appeared in English in 1756 and meant "a type of vulgar or low language." Since 1802, another meaning of this word has appeared: "jargon of a certain class or period." And already from 1818, the word "slang" received a new interpretation and was defined as "a language of a very colloquial level, which is rated below standard educated speech and includes any new words or words used in a particular field of activity."

     Consider the meaning of this word today. Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language T.F. Efremova gives the following definition: slang is a set of words and expressions used by representatives of certain groups, professions, etc. and constituting a layer of colloquial vocabulary that does not correspond to the norms of the literary language (usually in relation to English-speaking countries) [2 The Big Encyclopedic Dictionary gives two definitions to this term: slang - 1) the same as jargon, mainly in English-speaking countries; 2) a variant of colloquial speech (including expressively colored elements of this speech), which does not coincide with the standard of the literary language. [3] In English, this concept is interpreted as follows. Slang is words or expressions that are very informal and are not considered suitable for more formal situations. Some slang is used only by a particular group of people. [4]     It should be noted that the exact formulation of this concept by linguists has not been identified. However, the above meanings of the term "slang" help to determine its following distinctive features.

     Slang is vocabulary:

 non-literary;

 emotionally colored;

 used, as a rule, in oral speech (colloquial style);

 used only by a certain group of people..

1.2. Виды сленга

      1.2. Types of slang

      As mentioned above, one of the distinguishing features of slang is that it can be used in the speech of a certain group of people. Thus, there are several types of slang depending on the scope of its use:

 everyday;

 mobile;

 student;

 rhymed.

     Consider and give examples of each type of slang.

1. Everyday slang     Everyday slang is expressions and words used in everyday speech of people. The most colorful example is the word to get (receive). Together with various prepositions and as part of phrases, it creates many new meanings..

Get a load of something – увидеть, посмотреть, понять что-либо

Get a life – заняться делом, не мешать

Get it out – разобраться, идти на разборки

Mobile slang

     Mobile slang is slang and slang expressions that refer to actions or situations related to mobile phones. For example,

 Stage-phoner – человек, пытающийся произвести впечатление на окружающих фактом разговора по мобильному телефону.

To cell yell – ситуация, когда человек говорит по телефону ну очень громко, полагая, что его плохо слышно, не заботясь о нарушении тишины и спокойствия вокруг себя.

To pretext – симулировать написание СМС во избежание ненужной встречи, общения.

     In addition, this type of slang is based on a predictive text input system that replaces what a person wants to write with the word that is programmed into the phone when entering letters. For example, if you write the word “cool” (cool), then the phone gives out the word “book”, pub - sub, pint – shot.

Student slang

     Student or youth slang is used mainly among students or teenage schoolchildren.Idiot box – телевизор

Jailbait – малолетка

Zero cool! – Круто! Супер!

Bro – братан, дружище

. Rhyming slang

     This type of slang originated in one of the districts of London, Cockney London. Therefore, it is sometimes called cockney rhyming slang. It became widespread in the middle of the 19th century.

     This type of slang is based on replacing a word with a phrase that rhymes with it, usually consisting of 2-3 words. Subsequently, the rhyme is omitted, and the meaning of the remaining word has nothing to do with what it was at the beginning. Thus, the word "Lies" rhymes with the phrase "Porky Pies", and when the word "Pies" is omitted, it becomes "Porkies".bees and honey – money (деньги)

          bubble bath – laugh (смех)

          carving Knife – wife (жена)

          use your loaf and think next time  (loaf of bread - head)

         Are you going to rabbit all night? (rabbit and pork - talk)

          ding dong – а song

         Adam and Eve - Believe

         Dog and Bone - Phone

Chapter 2

2. 1. Differences between British and American slang

     Studying the material on slang, I noted that it is slang that helps to identify the differences between different dialects within the same language. As you know, English can be divided into British and American. In foreign language lessons, we study the norms of the British language. However, some words and phrases that are used by both Americans and British people can mean different things in each language. For example, the Americans use the word “subway” meaning “an underground railroad in a city”, while the British mean “a tunnel that people can walk through to go under a street”. Other examples are given in the memo "Differences between British and American English". (see Appendix No. 1)     Some items have completely different names in the American and British languages. This difference is especially evident in the words used in everyday life, for example, when it comes to food, household items, clothing, modes of transport and car parts. Here are some examples:

     Мною были найдены упражнения, направленные на формирование лексических навыков по данной теме. (см. Приложение №2)

2.2. The use of slang expressions in the cartoon "Madagascar"

     One of the tasks of my research work was to watch the cartoon and identify slang expressions in the speech of the characters. To do this, I chose such a cartoon as "Madagascar". This choice is due to the fact that in cartoons there are much more informal words compared to serious films. Also, in films, profanity and rude language may occur, which is excluded in cartoons.

     Viewing this cartoon led to the following results. The following is a list of slang expressions used in the Madagascar cartoon:

1. Howdy-do - Здорово! (приветствие)
2. Jeez – Черт побери!
3. Hit the sack – лечь спать
4. Noogie – отличный, крутой
5. Сop – коп, полицейский
6. Сam – камера
7. No siree – категоричное «нет»
8. Shut up – затыкаться (замолчать)
9. Pep talk – ободряющие слова, прибавляющие энтузиазм
10. Сool – крутой, классный
11. Gonna/Wanna – аббревиатуры от going to, want to
12. Dude – чувак, пижон
13. What the heck – Какого черта?
14. Guy (guys) – парень, ребята
15. Buddy – дружище
16. You are nuts – ты сумасшедший
17. Drive crazy – сводить с ума
18. Bigmouth – болтун
19. Mint – леденец
20. Sugar, honey, ice tea - ёклмн
21. Crack-a-lacking – опупенно
22. Shush - шикать, умолкать
23. Yep – ага
24. Doll - куколка (к девушке)
25. Heebie-jeebies - мурашки по коже
26. Bull"s eyes - в точку
27. Babycakes - пупсик, малыш
28. Pal – приятель
29. Puddy tat - бяка-заколяка, вредина, плохой
30. Yabba dabba doo - фраза при ощущении счастья, чего-либо удачного и т.п. (как ура или виват)

Thus, the above examples allow us to conclude that slang is an integral part of the everyday speech of native English speakers and makes this speech more lively, vivid and expressive.

Conclusion

     Slang is a very interesting topic. As exciting as it is practical and completely limitless, because the language is constantly changing, and new words appear every day.

     Many slang expressions are literally translated or not translated at all, but are used in their pure form in Russian. The correct use of these expressions can make speech more lively, comfortable and modern. The use and use of slang and slang expressions in speech is very exciting and useful. Knowledge of informal speech allows you to better understand the culture and modern and historical features of the language being studied. It can also help you avoid getting into trouble when reading books and watching films in the original, as well as communicating directly with native speakers.

     In the course of working on a research project, I came to the conclusion that the study of slang expressions is significant and relevant  .I believe that my hypothesis is confirmed. Knowing the slang expressions of the English language helps a person to be more attached to the culture of the country, as well as to be more capable of understanding spoken language and conducting a dialogue with a native speaker.   

  The goal of my research project has been achieved. Firstly, my classmates offered me their help in finding slang expressions in the cartoon "Madagascar". Secondly, the work on this topic interested me even more and stimulated further independent study.

     I hope that my research work will arouse interest among other students of my school.

Список литературных источников

1. Афанасьева О.В., Михеева И.В. Английский язык. Серия «Новый курс английского языка для российских школ»: 4-й год обучения. 8 класс: учеб. для общеобразоват. учреждений. – М.: Дрофа, 2008.
2. Ефремова Т.Ф. Современный толковый словарь русского языка.
3. Электронный большой энциклопедический словарь.
4. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. International Student Edition. – Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. - 2006.

Сайты: 

• http://englishfull.ru/znat/angliysky-sleng.html
• https://ru.wikipedia.org
• http://iloveenglish.ru/stories/view/mobilnij-slengvidzh

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ

Список приложений

1. Памятка «Differences between British and American English»
2. Упражнения, направленные на формирование лексических навыков

Приложение № 1

Памятка «Differences between British and American English»

Приложение №2

Упражнения, направленные на формирование лексических навыков

1. The Robinsons live in Britain and the Wilsons live in the US. Their lives are very much the same. They do the same things every day. Read the text about the Robinsons and describe the Wilsons' day. Use American English.
   

     The Robinsons are a British family. They live in Manchester. This is their usual weekday. They get up at 6:30. Tom Robinson goes to the bathroom. He turns on the tap, has a shower, cleans his teeth and puts on his favourite clothes - a dark blue jumper and old grey trousers. Tom is a lorry driver so he doesn't wear any good clothes to work.

     While Tom is dressing, his wife Mary gets his breakfast ready.
She cooks eggs on the stove. Tom likes a big breakfast before he goes to work. Mary doesn't eat much for breakfast - just a cup of coffee and some biscuits after which she puts her favourite sweet in her mouth and washes up.

     After breakfast Tom kisses his wife and leaves home at seven. He has a busy day in front of him. He drives his lorry to the petrol station and starts off. He has lunch at 12:30. He usually has fish and French fries in a small cafe and drinks two mugs of the strongest tea. Tom works until five and returns home at six.

     In the morning Mary cleans the flat, takes the rubbish out and puts it in the dustbin standing on the street pavement. Then she goes to the chemist's where she works. She also comes back home at six.

     Tom and Mary like to go out in the evening. They get their old Ford out of the car park and drive to the cinema. They are fond of watching new films and never miss them. 

2. Read the following short text. Define the variety of the English language it is written in (British or American). Rewrite it to produce a text in the OTHER variety of English (either British or American) making all necessary changes.

Around the Home

This cable is the ground. We need a dumpster to put all this old furniture in. I left the faucet running and nearly flooded the kitchen. I have to cook for five people, so we need a big stove. I fried the fish in a skillet.

3. Define what variety of the English language (either British or American) each sentence belongs to. Write out the particular word or word combination and the chosen variety of English it refers to.

          1.  If you look for a petrol station, go ahead.

2. The bookstore is kitty-corner to the Chinese restaurant.

3. There is a trail that leads down the slope.

4. Passengers are reminded that hand luggage is restricted to one item only.

5. There’s always a long queue for tickets here.