Литературные критики выделяют Элинор Портер, как писательницу, которой свойственны почти детективные повороты сюжета и психологическая точность образов. Портреты героев писательницы согревают душу читателя и увлекают. В своих произведениях Э. Портер не ставит первостепенным сентиментальность, поверхностный оптимизм или невнимание к проблемам, а наоборот, не отрицает существование трудностей, страданий и зла. Писательница призывает читателя «приветствовать неизвестное бодро и радостно».
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Содержание
Введение ………………………………………………………………………… 3
Глава 1 Теоретические аспекты понятия «портрет» ………………………… 6
Глава 2 Образы главных героев произведения и их портретные
характеристики …………………………………………………………………. 10
2.1 Жизнь и творческий путь Элинор Ходгман Портер ……………………. 10
2.2 Портретный образ мисс Полли …………………………………………… 11
2.3 Портретный образ миссис Сноу и мистера Пендлтона …………………. 14
2.4 Портретный образ Поллианны …………………………………………… 16
2.5 Образ Поллианны в контрасте с образами других главных героев произведения ……………………………………………………………………. 20
2.6 Игра в «добро» и «новые» образы персонажей произведения ………… 22
Заключение ………………………………………………………………………. 24
Библиографический список ……………………………………………………. 28
Приложение № 1 ………………………………………………………………… 29
Приложение № 2 ………………………………………………………………… 41
Приложение № 3 ………………………………………………………………… 44
Приложение № 4 ………………………………………………………………… 49
Приложение № 5 ………………………………………………………………… 50
Приложение № 6 ………………………………………………………………… 52
Приложение № 7 ………………………………………………………………… 56
Приложение № 8 ………………………………………………………………… 57
Введение
Данная работа посвящена теме «Портрет как средство создания образов в романе Элинор Х. Портер «Поллианна»».
Литературные критики выделяют Элинор Портер, как писательницу, которой свойственны почти детективные повороты сюжета и психологическая точность образов. Портреты героев писательницы согревают душу читателя и увлекают. В своих произведениях Э. Портер не ставит первостепенным сентиментальность, поверхностный оптимизм или невнимание к проблемам, а наоборот, не отрицает существование трудностей, страданий и зла. Писательница призывает читателя «приветствовать неизвестное бодро и радостно». [http://livelib.ru]
Главная героиня произведения девочка Поллианна является неким символом радости и жизненной энергии для своего окружения. Свойственное Э. Портер видение во всем лучшей стороны, ее оптимизм и желание жить, - все это неизменно привлекает к книге внимание читателей новых поколений и обусловливает актуальность произведения в наше время.
Литературный портрет персонажа в художественном произведении создается авторами с помощью существующих в реальной жизни образов, стереотипов, стандартов или шаблонов, снятых с окружающих людей, которые отражают историческую эпоху, эстетическую и социальную среду каждого времени и поколения. Именно портрет как литературный жанр призван запечатлевать и фиксировать различные характеристики и образы людей, а также их поступки и действия. Таким образом, читатели разных поколений имеют возможность получить социальный опыт различных жизненных ситуаций посредством знакомства с разнообразием художественных образов в литературных произведениях. Поэтому, на наш взгляд, выбор темы исследовательской работы, в которой портретный образ персонажей произведения является доминирующей составляющей, обусловливает ее актуальность.
Объектом исследования являются образы героев произведения.
Предметом исследования в нашей работе выступают портретные характеристики, используемые автором для создания образов персонажей произведения.
Практически материалом для исследовательской работы послужил рассказ Элинор Ходгман Портер «Поллианна».
Цель исследовательской работы – выяснить, какова роль портретных характеристик в создании образов главных героев произведения Э. Портер «Поллианна».
В соответствии с целью исследования в работе ставятся следующие задачи:
1) раскрыть понятие «портрет» посредством словарных определений;
2) определить понятие «портрет в художественном произведении»;
3) выяснить, использует ли автор только внешнее описание героев для создания полного образа персонажа;
4) определить, какие портретные характеристики использует автор для раскрытия образов персонажей произведения.
Исследование нашей работы базируется на методах сплошной выборки, контекстуального анализа, сравнительно-семантического анализа, анализа словарных дефиниций, математического ранжирования.
Структура работы определяется целями и задачами. Работа состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, библиографического списка и приложений.
Во введении мотивируется выбор темы и объекта исследования, формируется основная цель и задачи работы, описывается методология исследования, структура работы.
В первой главе рассматриваются теоретические вопросы: раскрывается понятие портрета, определяется понятие литературного портрета в художественном произведении.
Вторая глава ставит своей целью раскрыть образы главных героев произведения, определить портретные характеристики, используемые автором для создания образов литературных героев романа.
В заключении подводятся суммарные теоретические итоги исследования.
Глава 1 Теоретические аспекты понятия «портрет»
Портрет (франц. portrait, от устаревшего portraire – изображать), изображение или описание (например, в литературе) какого-либо человека либо группы людей, существующих или существовавших в реальной действительности. В основе жанра портрета – мемориальное начало, увековечивание облика конкретного человека. Важнейшим критерием портретности является сходство изображения с портретируемым (моделью, оригиналом). Сходство в портрете – результат не только верной передачи внешнего облика портретируемого, но и правдивого раскрытия его духовной сущности в единстве индивидуально-неповторимых и типических черт, присущих ему как представителю определенной исторической эпохи, национальности, социальной среды. Обычно портрет изображает современное художнику лицо и создается непосредственно с натуры. Наряду с этим сформировался тип портрета, изображающего какого-либо деятеля прошлого (исторический портрет) и создаваемого по воспоминаниям или изображению мастера, на основе вспомогательного (литературно-художественного, документального и т. п.) материала. Как в портрете современника, так и в историческом портрете, объективному изображению действительности способствует определенное отношение мастера и модели, отражающее его собственное мировоззрение, эстетическое кредо и т. д. Все это, переданное в специфически-индивидуальной художественной манере, вносит в портретный образ субъективную авторскую окраску. [2]
В словаре иностранных слов представлено следующее определение слову портрет [фр. portrait] – 1) изображение определенного человека или группы людей в живописи, скульптуре, графике или фотографии; 2) описание внешности персонажа в литературе. [9]
Черных П. Я. определяет портрет как «изображение какого-либо человека, особенно черт его лица»; перен. «изображение, характеристика того или иного человека». [11]
Толковый словарь иноязычных слов под редакцией Крысина Л. П. дает определение портрету: [фр. portrait < cт.-фр. portraire рисовать]. 1. Изображение какого-нибудь человека на картине или фотографии. 2. Перен. Описание внешности персонажа в литературном произведении. [5]
Даль В. И. в толковом словаре русского языка представляет портрет как изображенье человека, лица его чертами, живописью; подобень, облик, образ, поличие, лик. [3]
Толковые анго-английские словари дают следующее толкование слову «портрет»:
portrait n 1. a painting, drawing or photograph of a person, especially of the head and shoulders. 2. a detailed description of sb/sth. [Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English]
portrait (n) is a painting, drawing, or photograph of a person. [Collins Cobuild Intermediate Dictionary of English]
Таким образом, исходя из содержания словарных статей, представленных источников, можно заключить, что портрет – это, прежде всего, жанр в живописи, изобразительном искусстве. Однако в художественной литературе портрету отводится также большое значение, так как описание внешности литературного героя является основным способом создания образа персонажа.
В основном в художественных произведениях читатель начинает свое знакомство с героями с описания их внешних признаков, как то: лица, телосложения, походки, одежды и т. д. Роль портрета в художественном произведении, несомненно, очень велика. Внешнее портретное описание, как правило, многое может сказать о внутреннем содержании человека, его характере. Таким образом, анализ внешних портретных зарисовок дополняет наше представление о герое, делает его полным и законченным.
Однако литературный портрет включает в себя характеристики, которые позволяют читателю распознать внутренний мир героя, увидеть его душевные качества, положительные и отрицательные черты характера. К таким характеристикам можно отнести манеру поведения, мимику лица, манеру говорить, характер поступков. Также наглядное представление о персонаже читатель получает из описания его мыслей, чувств, речевых характеристик, так что портретное описание может и отсутствовать. Безусловно, на наш взгляд, главный интерес к герою сосредоточен не на его внешнем облике, а на особенностях его внутреннего мира. Но в тех произведениях, где портрет присутствует, он становится одним из важных средств создания образа персонажа.
Являясь одной из сторон художественного образа, портрет включает те основные моменты, которые существенны для образа в его целом. В портрете героя, как и во всем его образе, существуют и общие типические черты и индивидуальные. С одной стороны, литературный герой изображается в большинстве случаев как социальный и исторический человек, представитель определенной общественной эпохи, определенного класса и классовой группы; его наружность, движения, манеры характеризуют обычно ту социальную среду, которую писатель в своем произведении обобщает и идеологически оценивает. С другой стороны, литературный герой является отдельной личностью, неповторимой индивидуальностью, отличающейся от других членов своей среды; выбором и сочетанием индивидуальных черт его портрета писатель также выражает свое идейное отношение к той социальной группе, представителем которой является герой.
Портреты героев отличаются обычно реалистическим правдоподобием и типичностью. Герой изображается как типичный представитель своей среды, в ее обычных, повседневных бытовых отношениях и обстановке; в портрете героев чаще всего подчеркиваются повседневные бытовые черты, не имеющие в себе ничего исключительного и необычайного. [http://dic.academic.ru]
Таким образом, портрет в литературе является одним из средств художественной характеристики, состоящей в том, что писатель раскрывает типический характер своих героев и выражает свое идейное отношение к ним через изображение внешности героев: их фигуры, лица, одежды, движений, жестов и манер. В художественной литературе как искусстве словесном портрет является только одним из средств характеристики, употребляемом в композиционном единстве с другими подобными же средствами: развертыванием действия в сюжете, описанием мыслей и настроений героев, диалогом действующих лиц, описанием обстановки и т. д. На наш взгляд, только в литературном произведении портрет вбирает всю полноту духовной жизни человека. Главной особенностью литературного портрета является то, что в нем, как в зеркале, отражается не только внешность героя, но и его внутренний мир.
Во второй главе исследовательской работы нам необходимо выяснить, как автор произведения «Поллианна» Э. Портер создает образ своих героев: использует только внешнее портретное описание, или раскрывает внутренний мир персонажей посредством отдельных портретных характеристик. А также необходимо определить, какие портретные характеристики использует Э. Портер для создания образов своих героев.
Глава 2 Образы главных героев произведения и их портретные характеристики
2. 1 Жизнь и творческий путь Элинор Ходгман Портер
Американская писательница Элинор Портер (19.12.1868 — 21.05.1920) родилась в городке Литлтон. Предки ее из тех, о ком в США с почтением говорят: «Они прибыли на «Мэйфлауэре»! [http://wikipedia.ru.org] С детства Элинор обожала музыку, и все думали, что она станет певицей. Завершив музыкальное образование в Бостоне, она и впрямь пела в церковных и светских хорах. Но, выйдя замуж, оставила музыку. Позже она переезжает в Нью-Йорк.
Начиная с 1892 г. она публикует в американских журналах свои короткие рассказы под псевдонимом Элинор Стюарт, а в 1907 г. появляется первый роман «Встречные течения». В следующем году в свет вышло его продолжение «Перемены». Но настоящими бестселлерами стали: повесть «Мисс Билли» о девочке-сироте, переезжающей жить к незнакомым родственникам; «Мисс Билли принимает решение» и «Мисс Билли выходит замуж». А в 1913 г. в свет вышла та повесть, которой писательница обязана своей всемирной и неувядающей славой – «Поллианна». Книга сразу же встретила восторженный прием у читателей всех возрастов. По всей Америке создавались «Клубы Поллианны», и не только для детей; несколько таких клубов были созданы даже в американских тюрьмах.
Ныне «Поллианна» давно признана классикой детской литературы. Самые престижные издательства публикуют ее рядом с такими произведениями, как «Маленькие женщины» Луизы Олкотт или «Серебряные коньки» Мэри Додж. Книга несколько раз была экранизирована в США и других странах; одной из исполнительниц роли Поллианны была Мэри Пикфорд.
Всего за годы своей писательской карьеры Портер создала четыре тома коротких рассказов и четырнадцать романов для детей и взрослых. К числу ее самых известных произведений относятся «Просто Дэвид» (1916), «Путь к согласию» (1917), «О деньги, деньги!» (1918), «Рассвет» (1919), «Мэри-Мерайя» (1920) и другие. [http://livelib.ru]
2. 2 Портретный образ мисс Полли
Произведение Элинор Портер «Поллианна» было написано в 1912 году. Это рассказ о жизни обычной девочки (сироты, которую из «чувства долга» взяла к себе суровая тетка), умевшей видеть во всем лучшую сторону и жить необычной «игрой в радость», которая перевернула жизнь всего городка и открыла сердца многих людей навстречу простым евангельским словам: «Всегда радуйтесь».
Одиннадцатилетняя Поллианна Уиттиер приезжает к своей тёте мисс Полли Харрингтон в штат Вермонт. Отец Поллианны Джон Уиттиер скончался, не оставив практически никакого наследства: будучи бедным пастором в маленькой церкви и получая небольшое жалованье, он оставил после себя лишь несколько книг. Так как мать Поллианны давно умерла, а других родственников у неё нет, она вынуждена переехать к тёте Полли, которая всё это время не поддерживала никаких контактов с семьей Поллианны. Старшая сестра тёти Полли в своё время вышла замуж за Джона Уиттиера вопреки желанию родителей, настаивавших на свадьбе с богатым человеком. Но мать Поллианны стала женой миссионера и отправилась с ним на юг, с тех пор семья разорвала с ней всякие отношения. Теперь, двадцать пять лет спустя, тётя Полли живёт одна в огромном доме, унаследовав крупное состояние после смерти всех её близких. Она педантична, строга и принимает племянницу исключительно из чувства долга. Поллианне она выделяет комнату на чердаке, без зеркала, с голыми стенами и практически без мебели, потому что «ей хотелось по возможности отдалиться от общества ребенка и, одновременно, уберечь богатую обстановку: уж она-то была наслышана, как плохо обращаются дети с хорошими вещами».
Поллианна же является полной противоположностью Полли: очень живая, говорливая и жизнерадостная. Она учит окружающих игре «в радость» (the glad game). Играть начали они с отцом давным-давно, когда им среди пожертвований достались костыли: «Мне тогда ужасно хотелось куклу, вот папа и попросил женщину, которая собирала пожертвования. А та леди ответила, что кукол никто не жертвовал, поэтому вместо куклы посылает маленькие костыли». [http://lib.ru] Тогда отец объяснил Поллианне, что нужно радоваться, раз костыли им не нужны. С тех пор они всегда играли «в радость», находя повод для оптимизма в каждом событии. В первый же день после приезда Поллианны тётя Полли оставляет её без ужина, велев ужинать хлебом с молоком на кухне, вместе со служанкой Нэнси, на что Поллианна отвечает: «Что вы, тетя, я очень рада. Я люблю хлеб с молоком, и Нэнси мне очень нравится. Мы так хорошо поужинали вместе». [http://lib.ru] Все нравоучения и наказания тёти Полли её племянница воспринимает с восторгом и благодарностью, чем приводит мисс Полли в замешательство.
Какую роль сыграла девочка Поллианна в жизни главных героев произведения, и как Э. Портер раскрывает образы своих героев, нам предстоит выяснить.
Мисс Полли Харингтон, тетя главной героини произведения Поллианны, представлена довольно суровой женщиной, которой пришлось приютить племянницу в своем доме. Автор использует характерные эпитеты для более точного представления образа мисс Полли: stern, severe-faced, sharp, dryly, stiffly, crisply.
stern adj 1. serious and often disapproving; expecting sb to obey you. 2. serious and difficult. [Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English]
severe adj 1. extremely bad or serious. 2. punishing sb in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules. 3. not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of sb/sth. [OALDCE]
crisp adj 7. (of a person’s way of speaking) quick and confident in a way that suggests that the person is busy or is not being friendly. [OALDCE]
dry adj 7. very clever and expressed in a quiet way that is not obvious, often using irony. 8. not showing emotion. 9. not interesting. [OALDCE]
stiff adj 5. (of a person or their behaviour) not friendly or relaxed. [OALDCE]
На первых страницах произведения мисс Полли изображена неким абсолютно безмолвным и безэмоциональным персонажем, для которого чуждо любое проявление чувств: … rejoined the lady, dryly; … and swept angrily down the stairs …; Miss Polly’s lips parted indignantly …; … and swept into the dinning-room …; Miss Polly did not usually make hurried movements; she specially prided herself on her repose of manner; Miss Polly bit her lip hard until the men were gone …; … Miss Polly drew in her breath audibly, then she shut her lips together hard. Свое негодование мисс Полли выражает обрывистыми фразами и резкими движениями: … and walked rapidly away; … interrupted Miss Polly sharply; … at the top of the stairs Miss Polly jerked out crisply …; … a little jerkily she rose to her feet … . Однако весь образ тетушки переполнен гордостью, достоинством и почти королевским величием: Miss Polly frowned, hesitated, then crossed the room majestically; “… that will do,” observed Aunt Polly, with dignity.
На протяжении всего произведения мисс Полли остается недовольной всем, что ее окружает. Тетушкино неодобрение выражается большой частотностью употребления слова frown (to make a serious, angry or worried expression by bringing your eyebrows closer together so that lines appear on your forehead, [OALDCE]): Her mistress frowned; Miss Polly frowned; Miss Polly attempted a frown with not her usual success; Miss Polly frowned and tapped the floor with her slipper. Возможно, постоянное недовольство мисс Полли связано с тем, что понятие «долг» (duty n 1. sth that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility, [OALDCE]) для нее является неким девизом, путеводителем в жизни, согласно которому необходимо выстраивать весь свой жизненный путь. Мисс Полли считает, что каждый окружающий ее человек должен знать о своих обязанностях и выполнять их точно и безукоризненно: “… I am a good woman, I hope; and I know my duty…”; “However, as I said before, I hope I know my duty…”; … she was glad, of course, that she was a good woman, and that she not only knew her duty, but had sufficient strength of character to perform it; … and she held out a hand with “duty” written large on every coldly extended finger; “But, surely, it seems to me if I am willing to do my duty in seeing that you have proper care and instruction, you ought to be willing to do yours by seeing that that care and instruction are not ungratefully wasted”.
В начале произведения тетя Полли предстает перед читателем сухим и бесчувственным человеком даже по отношению к своей племяннице, которую ей пришлось приютить только лишь из чувства долга: "A little girl-coming here, Miss Harrington? Oh, won't that be nice!" cried Nancy, thinking of the sunshine her own little sisters made in the home at "The Corners." "Nice? Well, that isn't exactly the word I should use," rejoined Miss Polly, stiffly. "However, I intend to make the best of it, of course. I am a good woman, I hope; and I know my duty."; … which had been so unpleasant a surprise to her.
Отношение мисс Полли к детям и особенно к Поллианне отражено в цитатах: unnecessary children; “But – Pollyanna! – what a ridiculous name!”; She was glad, now, that she had put the child in the attic room. Her idea at first had been to get her niece as far away as possible from herself, and at the same time place her where her childish heedlessness would not destroy valuable furnishings; “I told her what time supper was and now she will have to suffer the consequences. She may as well begin at once to learn to be punctual”; “… Of all the extraordinary children!”; … Miss Polly found occasion many times to ejaculate “What an extraordinary child!”
Таким образом, портретные характеристики тетушки Полли: манера говорить, походка, взгляд, действия, черты лица и мимика, жизненные принципы, речь, - изображают читателю образ высокомерной, черствой, холодной женщины старых устоев и канонов с чрезмерным чувством долга и ответственности.
2. 3 Портретный образ миссис Сноу и мистера Пендлтона
Противоположным Поллианне персонажем представлена в произведении миссис Сноу. Миссис Сноу и мисс Полли принадлежат к одному церковному приходу. Однако поскольку миссис Сноу болела, все остальные члены прихода, включая мисс Полли, считали своим долгом о ней заботиться. Для описания миссис Сноу автор использует следующие эпитеты: a fretful voice, a sick woman, a critical gaze.
fretful adj behaving in a way that shows you are unhappy or uncomfortable. [OALDCE]
sick adj 1. physically or mentally ill. 4. bored with or annoyed about sth that has been happening for a long time, and wanting it to stop. 5. dealing with suffering, disease or death in a cruel way that some people think is offensive. [OALDCE]
critical adj 1. expressing disapproval of sb/sth saying what you think is bad about them. 3. serious, uncertain and possibly dangerous. [OALDCE]
Обремененная болезнью миссис Сноу предстает перед читателем злой и сварливой женщиной, явно демонстрирующей недовольство всем, что окружает: “Of course I’m very much obliged, but I was hoping ‘t would be lamb broth today.” “Very well; thank you. Your aunt is very kind, of course, but my appetite isn’t very good this morning, and I was wanting lamb …” Сочетание звуков [g], [r], [gr], [d ], [pr] в цитатах permitted Mrs. Snow grudgingly, frowning prodigiously, grunted the sick woman создает эффект монотонного старческого брюзжания миссис Сноу.
На наш взгляд, имя миссис Сноу выбрано автором не случайно. Затворничество, темная спальня, холодная как снег душа, сварливый характер – все это отражает имя миссис Сноу.
snow n 1. small soft white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky in cold weather, this substance when it is lying on the ground. 2. an amount of snow that falls in one particular place or at one particular time. [OALDCE]
Джон Пендлтон очень богатый и влиятельный человек, ведет одинокий образ жизни. На первый взгляд, это очень грубый, надменный и амбициозный персонаж: … the man stopped abruptly. There was an angry scowl on his face …; … he broke off sharply; … but the scowl above them was still trying to hold them grimly stern. Сочетание звуков [b], [r], [pt], [br], [tr], [gr] создает эффект озлобленного рычания собаки, готовой вот-вот наброситься на своего обидчика.
Автор использует следующие эпитеты для более яркого описания мистера Пендлтона: threatening, stern, stiffly, grimly, scowlingly, cross-looking, sharply.
threaten v 1. to say that you will cause trouble, hurt sb etc. if you do not get what you want. 2. to seem likely to happen or cause sth unpleasant. 3. to be a danger to sth. [OALDCE]
grim adj 1. looking or sounding very serious. 2. unpleasant and depressing. [OALDCE]
scowl v 1. to look at smb/sth in an angry or annoyed way; 2. an angry look or expression. [OALDCE]
Таким образом, на первых страницах произведения образ миссис Сноу и мистера Пендлтона раскрывается читателю с негативной стороны. Литературно изображенный портрет черствой, обремененной болезнью и немощностью миссис Сноу можно сравнить с портретом надменного, озлобленного и также обремененного, но только одиночеством, мистера Пендлтона.
2. 4 Портретный образ Поллианны
Уже с первых строк произведения Поллианна Уиттиер предстает перед нами очень доброй, необычайно жизнерадостной девочкой, улыбка с лица которой не сходит никогда: “Oh, I’m so glad, GLAD, GLAD to see you,” cried an eager voice in her ear. “Of course I’m Pollyanna, and I’m so glad you came to meet me!” “Oh, yes; and I've been wondering all the way here what you looked like,” cried the little girl, dancing on her toes, and sweeping the embarrassed Nancy from head to foot, with her eyes. “And now I know, and I'm glad you look just like you do look.”
Такие слова, как lovely, pretty, glad, happy не сходят с уст Поллианны на протяжении всей книги.
lovely adj 1. beautiful, attractive. 2. very enjoyable and pleasant; wonderful. 3. (of a person) very kind, generous and friendly. [OALDCE]
pretty adj 3. attractive without being very beautiful. 4. attractive and pleasant to look at or to listen to without being large, beautiful or impressive. [OALDCE]
glad adj 1. pleased, happy. 2. grateful for sth. 3. to do sth very willing to do sth. 4. bringing joy, full of joy. [OALDCE]
happy adj 1. feeling or showing pleasure, pleased. 2. giving or causing pleasure. 4. satisfied that sth is good or right, not anxious. 5. willing or pleased to do sth. 6. lucky, successful. [OALDCE]
Благодаря необычайной игре, которой как уже было сказано выше, ее обучил папа, Поллианна умеет видеть положительные стороны во всем и находить выход из сложной ситуации: "Oh, yes; the game was to just find something about everything to be glad about-no matter what 'twas," rejoined Pollyanna, earnestly. "And we began right then-on the crutches." "Well, goodness me! I can't see anythin' ter be glad about-gettin' a pair of crutches when you wanted a doll!" Pollyanna clapped her hands. "There is-there is," she crowed. "But _I_ couldn't see it, either, Nancy, at first," she added, with quick honesty. "Father had to tell it to me." "Well, then, suppose YOU tell ME," almost snapped Nancy. "Goosey! Why, just be glad because you don't-NEED-'EM!" exulted Pollyanna, triumphantly. "You see it's just as easy-when you know how!"
Более того, девочка обучает «игре в добро» окружающих ее людей, которым нужна помощь: “… And what are the special ingredients of this wonder-working-tonic of hers?” The doctor shook his head. “I don't know. As near as I can find out it is an overwhelming, unquenchable gladness for everything that has happened or is going to happen. At any rate, her quaint speeches are constantly being repeated to me, and, as near as I can make out, 'just being glad' is the tenor of most of them. I wish I could prescribe her-and buy her-as I would a box of pills …”
Героиня обладает глубочайшими душевными качествами, благодаря которым она способна видеть в людях хорошее, менять их в лучшую сторону. Так, сварливая и больная не только телом, но и душой, миссис Сноу, обучившись игре Поллианны, преображается, становится мягче, добрее. Поллианна пробуждает в женщине-инвалиде желание жить полноценной жизнью: “… because she's been there, and she's known mother is different; but I want her to know HOW different she is-and me, too. I'm different.” “But now she lets me keep the shades up, and she takes interest in things-how she looks, and her nightdress, and all that. And she's actually begun to knit little things-reins and baby blankets for fairs and hospitals. And she's so interested, and so GLAD to think she can do it!”
Еще один, с первого взгляда, отрицательный герой, мистер Пендлтон также не устоял перед чарами добра Поллианны. Девочка верила в лучшие качества его характера: “Do you mean – because you’re so – cross?” “Thanks for your frankness. Yes.” Pollyanna laughed softly. “But you’re only cross OUTSIDE – You aren’t cross inside a bit!” Благодаря своему мужеству, храбрости, вере в добро, Поллианна стала ангелом-спасителем для мистера Пендлтона и пришла на помощь в самый трудный момент его жизни. Своим появлением она смягчила суровую натуру мистера Пендлтона и принесла счастье и успокоение в его большой, ранее одинокий и безмолвный, дом: John Pendleton greeted Pollyanna today with a smile. "Well, Miss Pollyanna, I'm thinking you must be a very forgiving little person, else you wouldn't have come to see me again today." "Why, Mr. Pendleton, I was real glad to come, and I'm sure I don't see why I shouldn't be, either." "Oh, well, you know, I was pretty cross with you, I'm afraid, both the other day when you so kindly brought me the jelly, and that time when you found me with the broken leg at first. By the way, too, I don't think I've ever thanked you for that. Now I'm sure that even you would admit that you were very forgiving to come and see me, after such ungrateful treatment as that!" Pollyanna stirred uneasily. "But I was glad to find you-that is, I don't mean I was glad your leg was broken, of course," she corrected hurriedly. John Pendleton smiled. "I understand. Your tongue does get away with you once in a while, doesn't it, Miss Pollyanna? I do thank you, however; and I consider you are a very brave little girl to do what you did that day. I thank you for the jelly, too," he added in a lighter voice.
Безусловно, самым главным «пациентом» Поллианны стала ее тетушка Полли. Будучи непреклонной, черствой и категоричной женщиной строгих правил и канонов, мисс Полли с каждой главой произведения становится ближе к племяннице, меняясь в лучшую сторону: No wonder Miss Polly was feeling curiously helpless; Miss Polly, in the sitting room, felt vaguely disturbed; but then, of course she had been glad – over some things! The curious helpless feeling that had been hers so often since Pollyanna’s arrival, had her now fast in its grip.
“Pollyanna, dear, I'm going to tell you-the very first one of all. Some day I'm going to give Dr. Chilton to you for your-uncle. And it's you that have done it all. Oh, Pollyanna, I'm so-happy! And so-glad!-darling!”
Pollyanna looked up quickly. "Why, Aunt Polly, you-you spoke just as if you knew-DO you know about the game, Aunt Polly?" "Yes, dear." Miss Polly sternly forced her voice to be cheerfully matter-of-fact. "Nancy told me. I think it's a beautiful game. I'm going to play it now-with you."
Образ «новой» тетушки Полли сопровождается следующими эпитетами: dear, glad, wonderfully different, happy, darling: At twilight a wonderfully tremulous, wonderfully different Aunt Polly crept to Pollyanna's bedside.
dear adj 1. loved by or important to ab. [OALDCE]
wonderful adj 1. very good, pleasant or enjoyable. 2. making you feel surprise or admiration. [OALDCE]
darling adj 1. a way of addressing sb that you love. 2. a person who is very friendly and kind. 3. a person who is especially liked and very popular. [OALDCE]
Повтор wonderfully акцентирует внимание читателя на явно преобразившемся образе мисс Полли. Теперь тетя Полли является ангелом-вдохновителем для Поллианны. Именно она сообщает девочке, что жители их городка играют в «чудодейственную» игру Поллианны: Aunt Polly caught her breath a little sharply. It was even harder this time to keep her voice steady; but she did it. "Yes, dear; and there are all those others, too. Why, Pollyanna, I think all the town is playing that game now with you-even to the minister! … The whole town is playing the game, and the whole town is wonderfully happier—and all because of one little girl who taught the people a new game, and how to play it."
Таким образом, можно определить следующие портретные характеристики образа девочки: походка, манера говорить, выражение лица, взгляд, действия, речь, внутренний мир. Цитаты к перечисленным портретным характеристикам представлены в Приложении № 1, 2, 3.
Необходимо отметить, что подборка цитат произведения позволяет нам сравнить и представить в контрасте образ Поллианны и тети Полли, образ мистера Пендлтона и Поллианны, образ миссис Сноу и Поллианны. Так, например, величественная, но в тоже время, резкая манера двигаться тетушки и озорные, быстрые и игривые действия Поллианны имеют явное различие: … she specially prided herself on her repose of manner …; … and she held out a hand with “duty” written large on every coldly extended finger …; … turning sharply …, … she finished, as she left the room and swept downstairs (мисс Полли); … cried little girl dancing on her toes …; … had fairly flown across the room and flung herself into her aunt’s lap; … Pollyanna gave a glad cry and clapped her hands joyously (Поллианна).
Кроме того, в контрасте можно рассмотреть характерные черты речи и речевого поведения Поллианны и миссис Сноу. Речь последней сопровождается авторскими наречиями: irritably, fretfully, severely, dryly, sharply: “Well, no, I didn’t,” retorted Mrs. Snow, dryly; “Humph!” grunted the sick woman, eyeing her reflection severely; At last she spoke fretfully.
fretful adj behaving in a way that shows you are unhappy or uncomfortable. [OALDCE]
Употребляемые автором глаголы snap, scoff, grunt, retort, demand и т. д. рисуют портрет, как уже было сказано выше, озлобленной, сварливой женщины. В то время как речевые манеры ребенка выглядят иначе: “Oh, I’m so glad,” exulted Pollyanna; … Pollyanna sighed contentedly; … she went on brightly; … she broke off fervently; “I believe I can do it,” she chuckled; … promised the little girl, cheerfully. Через речевое поведение Поллианна изображена как добрая, веселая, жизнерадостная девочка.
snap v 1. to break sth suddenly with a sharp noise; to be broken in this way. 2. to move, or to move sth, into a particular position quickly, especially with a sudden sharp noise. 3. to speak or say sth in an impatient, usually angry voice. [OALDCE]
scoff v 1. to talk about sb/sth in a way that makes it clear that you think they are stupid or ridiculous. [OALDCE]
grunt v 2. to make a short low sound in your throat, especially to show that you are in pain, annoyed or not interested; to say sth using this sound. [OALDCE]
retort v to reply quickly to a comment, in an angry, offended or humorous way. [OALDCE]
demand v 1. to ask for sth very firmly. [OALDCE]
Третий персонаж, который также можно рассмотреть в контрасте с главной героиней, это – мистер Пендлтон. Сравнивая двух героев по внешним признакам: выражению лица и мимике, можно заключить, что хмурые и, порой, суровые черты лица мистера Пендлтона являются полной противоположностью сияющему лицу и распахнутым, жаждущим жизни и приключений глазам Поллианны: There was an angry scowl on his face, the man's lips were threatening to smile, but the scowl above them was still trying to hold them grimly stern; … smiled the man, grimly; … a very cross-looking man; … the fleeting smile had gone, and the scowl had come back to the man’s face; … the old irritability had come back to his face (мистер Пендлтон); … her eyes were quite sparkling, indeed …; … her usually smiling lips; … still more eagerly her big blue eyes …; Pollyanna’s eyes were wide with wonder (Поллианна).
Подборка цитат, характеризующих образы героев произведения в контрасте, представлена в Приложении № 1, № 2, № 3.
Таким образом, портреты главных персонажей произведения: Поллианны, миссис Сноу, мистера Пендлтона и мисс Полли раскрываются с помощью следующих общих характеристик: действий, манеры говорить, выражения лица, взгляда, речи, походки. Однако портретный образ девочки Поллианны противопоставлен схожим по внутренним характеристикам портретам мистера Пендлтона, миссис Сноу, мисс Полли. Благодаря такому авторскому противопоставлению можно проследить, как поступки девочки положительно влияют на других героев и способствуют переменам в их характерах и внутреннем мире.
2. 6 Игра в «добро» и «новые» образы персонажей произведения
Чудодейственная игра в «добро» действительно совершает чудо на страницах произведения. Научив играть практически всех жителей городка, Поллианна вселила в них надежду, помогла увидеть мир и все происходящее вокруг по-другому.
Благодаря советам Поллианны, меняется характер главных героев: миссис Сноу, мистера Пендлтона и тети Полли. Так, миссис Сноу находит себя и обретает счастье и успокоение в новом увлечении: “But now she lets me keep the shades up, and she takes interest in things-how she looks, and her nightdress, and all that. And she's actually begun to knit little things-reins and baby blankets for fairs and hospitals.”
Мистер Пендлтон избавляется от одиночества, приютив мальчика по имени Джимми, и обретает мягкость характера и душевное тепло: "Don't you?" smiled the man. And Pollyanna, looking into his face, wondered why there were tears in his eyes.
Что же касается миссис Полли, то автор произведения дает возможность проследить перемену в портрете тетушки через такие характеристики, как: действия, мимика, манера говорить, характер. Так, тетя Полли обращается к Поллианне словом dear: “Oh, no, dear!”; “Oh, yes, he does I’m sure, dear”; “… almost anything for you, my dear”. Перемены в манерах тети и отношении к девочке видны через употребление автором таких наречий, как: gently, cheerfully, lightly.
gently adv 1. in a gentle way. 2. used to tell sb to be careful. [OALDCE]
lightly adv 1. gently, with very little force or effort. 2. to a small degree, not much. 3. in a way that sounds as though you are not particularly worried or interested. 4. without being seriously considered. [OALDCE]
Со дня появления Поллианны в доме манера поведения мисс Полли теряет былую жесткость и резкость. Автор часто использует прилагательные с суффиксом –less: powerless, helpless, listless, как будто, слово за словом, отнимая у персонажа ее силу духа и непреклонность характера. Можно сказать, что Э. Портер вдыхает в свою героиню новую жизнь. Ранее безмолвная и холодная на страницах произведения мисс Полли становится очень привлекательной, милой женщиной в глазах племянницы и других героев. Автор будто окрашивает портрет своей ранее безликой героини яркими красками: … her cheeks were very red, too; … whose whole face now was aflame …; her cheeks showed a sudden colour; … when your cheeks are pink like that …
Таким образом, для изображения портретов главных героев помимо внешнего описания Э. Портер использует такие портретные характеристики, как: мимика, черты лица, жесты, действия, манера говорить, речевая культура, манера держаться, походка. Автор стремится подчеркнуть особенности характера и раскрыть внутренний мир персонажей через описательные черты их поведения и поступков.
Заключение
Исходя из поставленной цели исследовательской работы (выяснить, какова роль портретных характеристик в создании образов главных героев произведения Э. Портер «Поллианна»), во введении нами были определены следующие задачи: 1) раскрыть понятие «портрет» посредством словарных определений, 2) определить понятие «портрет в художественном произведении», 3) выяснить, использует ли автор только внешнее описание героев для создания полного образа персонажа, 4) определить, какие портретные характеристики использует автор для раскрытия образов персонажей произведения.
В теоретической части работы были представлены определения слова «портрет», выделенные из нескольких литературных источников и словарей. А также в первой главе работы мы определили понятие литературного портрета в художественном произведении. Словарные статьи трактуют портрет, прежде всего, как жанр изобразительного искусства. Однако словари дают определение портрету и как описанию внешности персонажа в литературе. Анализ литературных источников показал, что литературный портрет – это не только описание в художественном произведении всей внешности человека, включая его лицо, фигуру, одежду, но и изображение видимых свойств поведения героя: жестов, мимики, походки, манеры держаться. Кроме того, наглядное представление о персонаже читатель может получить из описания мыслей героев, чувств, поступков, речевых характеристик, так что портретное изображение может отсутствовать. Таким образом, внимание читателя сосредотачивается не на внешнем облике персонажа, а на особенностях его внутреннего мира.
Практическая часть работы была посвящена выборке портретных характеристик, используемых автором для создания образов главных героев.
Так, для создания образа тетушки Полли автор использует ее манеру говорить, походку, взгляд, черты лица, действия, мимику, речь. Из представленных портретных характеристик можно выделить как внешнее описание персонажа, так и изображение его внутреннего мира.
Что касается портрета мисс Сноу и мистера Пендлтона, то здесь определились следующие портретные характеристики: манера говорить, речь, действия, взгляд, черты лица. Очевидно, что перечисленные портретные характеристики мисс Полли, миссис Сноу и мистера Пендлтона похожи между собой.
Образ главного персонажа произведения девочки Поллианны изображен такими портретными характеристиками, как походкой, манерой говорить, чертами лица, взглядом, действиями, мимикой, речью. Портрет Поллианны описан как его наружностью, так и через описание мыслей, чувств, поступков, речевых характеристик героини.
Выборка схожих портретных характеристик главных героев позволяет нам представить их в контрасте, так как на первых страницах произведения тетя Полли, мистер Пендлтон и миссис Сноу являются прямым противопоставлением Поллианне. Определенные в работе контрасты «Поллианна – мисс Полли», «Поллианна – миссис Сноу», «Поллианна – мистер Пендлтон» представлены в сравнительных таблицах в Приложениях № 1, № 2, № 3.
Поскольку положительный образ Поллианны оказывает влияние на перемены в жизни других героев романа в лучшую сторону, то, безусловно, наполнение уже представленных выше портретных характеристик персонажей меняется, а вместе с ними меняются и образы героев. Так, миссис Сноу, будучи лишенной способности ходить, обретает новое увлечение вязанием, мистер Пендлтон избавляется от одиночества, усыновляя мальчика по имени Джимми Бин, а мисс Полли находит свое счастье с доктором Чилтоном. Примеры портретных характеристик новых образов героев представлены в Приложении № 4, № 5, № 6 .
С помощью математического ранжирования мы установили, что портретная характеристика манера говорить, речь представлена 173 примерами. Таких портретных характеристик, как черты лица, мимика, внешность и действия, походка нашлось 81 и 79 примеров соответственно. Однако необходимо заметить, что данные показатели выборки цитат приходятся на образы героев до начала их перемен вследствие общения с девочкой. Исходя из цифровых данных, можно заключить, что автор произведения предпочитает изображать портреты своих героев через их речевые особенности и манеру вести диалог (173). Внешние черты лица и мимика также играют важную роль для Э. Портер в описании портретов персонажей (81). Однако частотность употребления цитат, описывающих действия героев, также является значительной (79) и лишь не на много уступает внешнему описанию. Диаграмма перечисленных выше данных представлена в Приложении № 7.
Что же касается примеров портретных характеристик изменившихся и преобразившихся образов мисс Полли, миссис Сноу и мистера Пендлтона, то манера говорить, речь представлена 34 примерами, черты лица, мимика, внешность – 28, действия – 23. Необходимо сказать, что и в заключительной части произведения автор изображает портреты своих персонажей через их речь, действия в диалоге, манеру держаться во время беседы (34). Внешность, мимика, черты лица (28) преобладает над действиями (23). В Приложении № 8 отображены цифровые данные указанных характеристик.
Таким образом, выборка примеров и математическое ранжирование показывают, что в произведении «Поллианна» Э. Портер отводит главную роль портретным характеристикам не прямого описательного значения, как то: внешность, черты лица, одежда, а использует поведение, манеры, действия героев для изображения их характеров и личностных качеств. На наш взгляд, создание образов героев произведения посредством передачи и характеристики их поступков, отношений, персональных качеств, мировоззрения, а не описание их наружности, является более значимым для читателя, так как позволяет сосредоточить наше внимание на особенностях внутреннего мира персонажа.
Творчество Э. Портер представляет для читателей большой интерес. Ее душевные, глубоко нравственные произведения, чувственные герои, оптимистический дух и доброе начало оставляют неизгладимое впечатление в сердце каждого читателя.
Жизнь и творческий путь Элинор Портер являются интересными и актуальными для дальнейшего исследования.
Библиографический список
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Электронные ресурсы
http://lib.ru
http://livelib.ru
www.study.ru – Pollyanna – Eleanor Porter. Книги на английском языке – Study.ru
Приложение № 1
Образ Поллианны и Мисс Полли в контрасте
портретная характеристика | Поллианна | Мисс Полли |
черты лица, мимика | The telegram says 'light hair, red-checked gingham dress, and straw hat.' "She's eleven years old." To be sure, Jennie herself had written, for a time, and had named her last baby "Pollyanna" for her two sisters, Polly and Anna-the other babies had all died. … the slender little girl in the red-checked gingham with two fat braids of flaxen hair hanging down her back. Beneath the straw hat, an eager, freckled little face turned to the right and to the left, plainly searching for some one. The next moment she found herself half smothered in the clasp of two gingham-clad arms. Her eyes were a little wide and frightened. Pollyanna gave a sudden radiant smile. Pollyanna, smiling bravely now, flew about, hanging the dresses in the closet, Pollyanna laughed again, but she sighed, too; and in the gathering twilight her face looked thin and wistful. "My-duty?" Pollyanna's eyes were wide with wonder. … her rueful eyes fixed on the forlorn heap of garments on the bed. Whereupon she laughed suddenly. Pollyanna herself came out of it with radiant smiles and a heart content … Still more eagerly her big blue eyes tried to look in all directions at once, that no thing of beauty or interest in this wonderful house might be passed unseen. … but her eyes, resting on Pollyanna's jubilantly trustful face, saw something that prevented the words being spoken. "Guess! What do you want?" Pollyanna had skipped back to the basket. Her face was alight. Pollyanna's face expressed only concerned sympathy. The dawning of a wonderful idea began to show in her face. "Why, Aunt Polly, I just told you!" Pollyanna's eyes were wide with surprise. Of a sudden she turned, her face illumined. Pollyanna opened wide her eyes. Pollyanna smiled radiantly. Looking now into Pollyanna's shining eyes, he felt as if a loving hand had been suddenly laid on his head in blessing. "Why, yes, Mr. Pendleton," breathed Pollyanna, her eyes luminous with sympathy for the sad-faced man lying back on the pillow before her. "I'd love to come!" "Yes," pitied Pollyanna, her eyes shining with sympathy. She turned luminous eyes on her aunt. Pollyanna smiled through tear-wet eyes. | Miss Polly lifted her chin haughtily. She knew Miss Polly now as a stern, severe-faced woman who frowned if a knife clattered to the floor, or if a door banged-but who never thought to smile even when knives and doors were still. Miss Polly rose with frowning face and closely-shut lips. Miss Polly looked up coldly. … then Miss Polly, her disapproving eyes following the airy wings of two flies darting here and there over the table, said sternly: "Nancy, where did those flies come from?" Miss Polly drew in her breath audibly, then she shut her lips together hard. Pollyanna, seeing her stern face, frowned a little thoughtfully. Half an hour later when Miss Polly, her face expressing stern duty in every line, climbed those stairs and entered Pollyanna's room … Miss Polly's lips parted indignantly, but no words came. "Very likely," observed Aunt Polly, with slightly uplifted eyebrows. "What?" Miss Polly looked up in dazed surprise; then, suddenly, with very red cheeks, she turned and swept angrily down the stairs. "Don't be impertinent, Pollyanna!" Miss Polly bit her lip hard-until the men were gone … "Oh, no, Aunt Polly. I told him you didn't." Miss Polly grew a sudden vivid pink. She saw a face-not young, it is true-but just now alight with excitement and surprise. The cheeks were a pretty pink. The eyes sparkled. The hair, dark, and still damp from the outdoor air, lay in loose waves about the forehead and curved back over the ears in wonderfully becoming lines, with softening little curls here and there. So amazed and so absorbed was Miss Polly with what she saw in the glass that she quite forgot her determination to do over her hair … In the bedroom Pollyanna found a flushed-faced, angry-eyed woman plucking at the pins that held a lace shawl in place. "But you looked lovely-perfectly lovely, Aunt Polly; and-" " 'Lovely'!" scorned the woman, flinging the shawl to one side and attacking her hair with shaking fingers. |
манера говорить, речь | "Oh, I'm so glad, GLAD, GLAD to see you," cried an eager voice in her ear. "Of course I'm Pollyanna, and I'm so glad you came tо meet me! I hoped you would." "Oh, yes; and I've been wondering all the way here what you looked like," cried the little girl, dancing on her toes, … the little girl had kept up an uninterrupted stream of comments and questions "I'm glad you feel that way. I do, too," nodded Pollyanna, again with that choking little breath. Pollyanna sighed contentedly. "You-you AREN'T?" stammered the little girl, in plain dismay. "But there IS an Aunt Polly?" demanded the child, anxiously. There was a moment's silence, then she went on brightly: "And do you know? I'm glad, after all … "Oh, I'm so glad," exulted Pollyanna. "I love carpet …. Just as it is when the PRETTY hair-ribbons come in the barrels after a lot of faded-out brown ones. My! but isn't this a perfectly beautiful house?" she broke off fervently, as they turned into the wide driveway. “Oh, Aunt Polly, Aunt Polly, I don't know how to be glad enough that you let me come to live with you," she was sobbing. "You don't know how perfectly lovely it is to have you and Nancy and all this after you've had just the Ladies' Aid!" "Oh, Aunt Polly, Aunt Polly," breathed the little girl, rapturously … "Why, Aunt Polly, AREN'T you?" queried Pollyanna, in frank wonder. "I'm sure it--it's going to be a very nice room. Don't you think so?" she stammered, after a while. Pollyanna gave a glad cry and clapped her hands joyously. "Why, Nancy, Nancy--what is it?" she cried; then, fearfully … "I believe I can do it," she chuckled. "Would you? Well, I'll tell her, then, so you can find out," promised the little girl, cheerfully. "There is-there is," she crowed. "But-I-couldn't see it, either, Nancy, at first," she added, with quick honesty. "Goosey! Why, just be glad because you don't--NEED--'EM!" exulted Pollyanna, triumphantly. "Oh, but it isn't queer--it's lovely," maintained Pollyanna enthusiastically. Pollyanna sighed. "I've had such a beautiful time, so far," she sighed happily. "I know I'm going to just love living with you but then, I knew I should before I came. Good-night," she called cheerfully, as she ran from the room. "Do you always work in the garden, Mr.--Man?" asked Pollyanna, interestedly. "I reckon maybe they're my flies, Aunt Polly," observed Pollyanna, amiably. "Of course I'm sorry about the duty I forgot, Aunt Polly," she apologized timidly. "I won't raise the windows again." Pollyanna, her eyes on the illustration of a fly's head, many times magnified, cried joyously … … she was greeted with a burst of eager enthusiasm. "I'm afraid you'll think they're worse than the Ladies' Aid did--and THEY said they were shameful," she sighed … "Why, no, of course you didn't, Aunt Polly!" she hurried on, with a hot blush. "They aren't nice, at all," she choked … "I've got the best ones on," confessed Pollyanna, anxiously. "Yes, ma'am." Pollyanna sighed. Pollyanna cried out in dismay. "Aunt Polly, please," she called wistfully … "But I love 'Nancy,' just because it's you," declared Pollyanna. "Well, anyhow," she chuckled, "you can be glad it isn't 'Hephzibah.'" "With you?--in your bed?" she cried rapturously. Pollyanna giggled. "Oh, for the heathen," surmised Pollyanna. "How perfectly splendid! "I'm gladder'n ever now, anyhow, that he speaks to me," sighed Pollyanna contentedly. "Did you? Well, I'm glad 'tisn't any farther away from yesterday than to-day is, then," laughed Pollyanna, advancing cheerily into the room … Pollyanna chuckled. "I've got it!" crowed Pollyanna. "Oh, I've got that, too," chuckled Pollyanna. "Yes--and calf's-foot jelly," triumphed Pollyanna. Wouldn't it have been a shame--when I'd tried so hard?" she laughed merrily. Polly nodded sympathetically. How do you do to-day?" she finished in polite inquiry. Pollyanna laughed … "I thought-how glad you could be--that other folks weren't like you--all sick in bed like this, you know," she announced impressively. Suddenly she laughed. "I suppose I ought to be glad I've got legs to hurry with, hadn't I, Mrs. Snow?" "Do you mean that it wouldn't be enough then, Aunt Polly, that they should be just happy days?" she asked wistfully. To Pollyanna, a minute later, she cried joyously … Yes'm; I know I banged 'em-those doors," she admitted cheerfully. "And I was glad I didn't find any one who owned it, too," she told her aunt in happy confidence … "Now you don't look as if you'd be glad even for calf's-foot jelly," she chuckled, stopping before him. "My name's Pollyanna Whittier," she began pleasantly. "Why, what a shame!" sympathized Pollyanna. "Oh, Aunt Polly," she triumphed … Pollyanna laughed merrily. Oh, I 'most forgot again," she broke off with a laugh. Pollyanna laughed softly. "Yes'm," smiled Pollyanna, cheerfully… "Yes'm-no'm-thank you, Aunt Polly," exulted Pollyanna, as she flew through the door. "Thank you, sir. I'm glad you did. I just love to ride," beamed Pollyanna, as he reached out his hand to help her in. Pollyanna laughed gleefully. "I'd love to!" exclaimed Pollyanna. | "Nancy,"-Miss Polly's voice was very stern now. "Nice? Well, that isn't exactly the word I should use," rejoined Miss Polly, stiffly. "Thank you," rejoined the lady, dryly. "Well, really, Nancy, just because I happened to have a sister who was silly enough to marry and bring unnecessary children into a world that was already quite full enough, I can't see how I should particularly WANT to have the care of them myself. However, as I said before, I hope I know my duty. See that you clean the corners, Nancy," she finished sharply, as she left the room. "Nancy!" called a sharp voice. Miss Polly evidently read the pause aright, for she frowned and said crisply … "Very likely-though I've not had the pleasure of the Ladies' Aid's acquaintance," rejoined Miss Polly, stiffly … "Yes; well, never mind now what your father said," interrupted Miss Polly, crisply. "Pollyanna," interrupted her aunt again, sharply. "PollyANNA!" ejaculated her aunt … "Nancy," she said with decision, as soon as the little serving-maid appeared; "my niece is late. No, you need not call her," she added severely … "Well, upon my soul!" ejaculated Miss Polly, half aloud. "What a most extraordinary child!" Then she frowned. "She's 'glad' I punished her, and I 'mustn't feel bad one bit,' and she's going to 'love to live' with me! Well, upon my soul!" ejaculated Miss Polly again, as she took up her book. "PollyANNA!" remonstrated the lady, sternly … Miss Polly attempted a frown-with not her usual success. "Pollyanna, you-I Thomas, that will do for this morning. I think you understand-about those rose bushes," she said stiffly. … then Miss Polly, her disapproving eyes following the airy wings of two flies darting here and there over the table, said sternly: "Nancy, where did those flies come from?" "That will do," observed Aunt Polly, with dignity. Miss Polly frowned. "I don't doubt it," rejoined Miss Polly, grimly. "Chocolate fudge and fig cake, indeed!" scorned Miss Polly. I shall, of course, procure a teacher at once for you," she finished decisively … "Very well; then see that you don't act ungrateful," vouchsafed Miss Polly … Aunt Polly emitted a tired sigh-a sigh that ascended straight to Pollyanna's ears. "Pollyanna, what does this mean?" cried Aunt Polly then. Miss Polly bit her lip hard-until the men were gone; then she said sternly, "Pollyanna, hand those things to me at once and come in here. Of all the extraordinary children!" she ejaculated a little later … … Miss Polly found occasion many times to ejaculate "What an extraordinary child!" Whereupon her aunt would usually reply, wearily: "Very well, Pollyanna. I am gratified, of course, that they are happy … "N-nothing," she stammered. Miss Polly frowned. "Why, y-yes, Pollyanna," murmured Miss Polly, vaguely wondering … She was plunging into an entirely different sentence when her aunt interrupted her sharply. "Probably not," returned Miss Polly, coldly … "PLANNING on them!" interrupted Miss Polly, sharply. "That will do, Pollyanna," she said stiffly. Less than twenty-four hours later, Miss Polly said to Nancy, crisply … Miss Polly spoke sternly, all the more sternly because, for some inexplicable reason, she felt inclined to cry - and Miss Polly was not used to feeling inclined to cry. "I hope-not, Pollyanna!" Miss Polly's voice was properly shocked. "A shame!" repeated Aunt Polly, too dazed to say more. "PollyANNA!" gasped the lady … Miss Polly looked at the forlorn little gray bunch of neglected misery in Pollyanna's arms, and shivered … "No-nor anybody else," retorted Miss Polly, with meaning emphasis. "But, Pollyanna, Pollyanna," remonstrated Miss Polly. "Pollyanna, what does this mean? Who is this dirty little boy? Where did you find him?" she demanded sharply. "Pollyanna," she cried sharply, "WILL you stop using that everlasting word 'glad'! "You've-what?" demanded Aunt Polly. Aunt Polly frowned and said nothing. The rest of the meal was a silent one. "Dear me, Pollyanna, what ARE you up to now?" sighed her aunt. "Yes, yes; well, never mind," interposed Aunt Polly, a trifle impatiently. "That will do, Pollyanna," interrupted a cold voice. "Pollyanna, wait! Miss Polly's voice was suddenly very stern. "Yes, I remember. I heard Mr. John Pendleton had met with an accident," said Miss Polly, a little stiffly … "Very well, Pollyanna," she said at last, still in that queer voice, so unlike her own … "Who was that man-the one who drove into the yard, Pollyanna?" questioned the lady a little sharply. "Oh, no, Aunt Polly. I told him you didn't." Miss Polly grew a sudden vivid pink. "You TOLD him I didn't!" Pollyanna opened wide her eyes at the remonstrative dismay in her aunt's voice. "Pollyanna, what does all this mean?" demanded Aunt Polly … "Pollyanna!" (Miss Polly spoke very sharply-all the more sharply because Pollyanna's words had given her an odd throb of joy …) … "Pollyanna!" gasped a stifled but shocked voice from a veil of hair. "But, Pollyanna," began Miss Polly, struggling blindly to her feet, "you must take this off! You-child, child! What ARE you doing?" she gasped, as she felt a soft something slipped about her shoulders. "Pollyanna, how could you?" moaned the woman. "To think of your rigging me up like this, and then letting me-BE SEEN!" "But you looked lovely-perfectly lovely, Aunt Polly; and-" " 'Lovely'!" scorned the woman, flinging the shawl to one side and attacking her hair with shaking fingers. "It will not be Dr. Chilton, Pollyanna," Miss Polly said sternly. "That will do, Pollyanna. I really do not wish to discuss Dr. Chilton-or his feelings," reproved Miss Polly, decisively. |
действия, походка | "Oh, yes; and I've been wondering all the way here what you looked like," cried the little girl, dancing on her toes, and sweeping the embarrassed Nancy from head to foot, with her eyes. "How do you do, Pollyanna? I--" She had no chance to say more. Pollyanna, had fairly flown across the room and flung herself into her aunt's scandalized, unyielding lap. Without speaking, Pollyanna turned and followed her aunt from the room. Unconsciously Pollyanna lifted her head higher—it seemed so hard to breathe. The next moment she stumbled blindly toward it and fell on her knees at its side, covering her face with her hands. Pollyanna gave a glad cry and clapped her hands joyously. She ran then to the other window. That, too, soon flew up under her eager hands. "Oh, thank you, Aunt Polly!" The next moment she skipped merrily from the room, banging the door behind her. Then, clinging like a monkey, she swung herself from limb to limb until the lowest branch was reached. The drop to the ground was--even for Pollyanna, who was used to climbing trees--a little fearsome. She took it, however, with bated breath, swinging from her strong little arms, and landing on all fours in the soft grass. Then she picked herself up and looked eagerly about her. With a run and a skilful turn, Pollyanna skipped by the bent old man, threaded her way between the orderly rows of green growing things, and--a little out of breath--reached the path that ran through the open field. Then, determinedly, she began to climb. Pollyanna skipped gleefully. Pollyanna clapped her hands. "Oh, Nancy!" exulted Pollyanna, giving her a rapturous hug. Quite as a matter of course, Pollyanna came straight to her aunt's side and gave her an affectionate hug. … and Pollyanna flew to the window to talk to them. With rapid fingers, therefore, she made herself ready to join her. Down the attic stairs sped Pollyanna, leaving both doors wide open. Through the hall, down the next flight, then bang through the front screened-door and around to the garden, she ran. Aunt Polly, with the bent old man, was leaning over a rose-bush when Pollyanna, gurgling with delight, flung herself upon her. The little girl dropped to her toes, and danced lightly up and down. Pollyanna caught her breath audibly. "Oh, thank you, Aunt Polly!" The next moment she skipped merrily from the room, banging the door behind her. … but Pollyanna was already out of sight, clattering up the attic stairs. With visible reluctance Pollyanna laid down the pamphlet and turned toward the closet. I knew you'd feel that way," she nodded happily, as she ran from the room. … quite danced up and down with delight, drawing in long, full breaths of the refreshing air. Pollyanna drew in her breath. "Guess! What do you want?" Pollyanna had skipped back to the basket. Pollyanna clapped her hands. "Oh, yes, I was," nodded Pollyanna, triumphantly … Pollyanna rose reluctantly. "You were coming up to see me! Come right in. I love company," she finished, scampering up the stairs and throwing her door wide open. … she was flying down-stairs, two steps at a time. … And there's rooms-heaps of 'em," she continued, springing to her feet, and tugging at his arm. From sheer amazement Pollyanna's jaw dropped. "Why, Aunt Polly," she breathed, "I should think you'd be glad to have me gl--Oh!" she broke off, clapping her hand to her lips and hurrying blindly from the room. Pollyanna sprang to his side at once. With a little cry Pollyanna, looking neither to the right nor the left, fairly ran through the hall to the door at the end and opened it. The little girl, shifting impatiently from one small foot to the other, sighed audibly. "Yes'm-no'm-thank you, Aunt Polly," exulted Pollyanna, as she flew through the door. Pollyanna frowned sympathetically. Pollyanna was still revolving round and round her aunt. Pollyanna began to dance up and down lightly on her toes. "Oh, I'm awfully strong," declared Pollyanna, cheerfully, as she sprang to her feet. Oh, oh!" she cried, clapping her hands. Pollyanna clapped her hands softly. | Miss Polly did not usually make hurried movements; she specially prided herself on her repose of manner. But to-day she was hurrying-actually hurrying. With a frown Miss Polly folded the letter and tucked it into its envelope. Her mistress frowned. Miss Polly read the telegram, frowned, then climbed the stairs to the attic room. She still frowned as she looked about her. … straightened a chair, frowned again, and left the room. Miss Polly Harrington did not rise to meet her niece. She looked up from her book, it is true, as Nancy and the little girl appeared in the sitting-room doorway, and she held out a hand with "duty" written large on every coldly extended finger. "Very likely-though I've not had the pleasure of the Ladies' Aid's acquaintance," rejoined Miss Polly, stiffly, trying to unclasp the small, clinging fingers, and turning frowning eyes on Nancy in the doorway. "PollyANNA!" ejaculated her aunt, turning sharply about as she reached the head of the stairs. Then, abruptly, her aunt opened a door and ascended another stairway. Her aunt frowned. Supper is at six o'clock," she finished, as she left the room and swept down-stairs. One, two, three minutes passed. Miss Polly frowned and tapped the floor with her slipper. A little jerkily she rose to her feet, went into the hall, and looked up-stairs, plainly impatient. For a minute she listened intently; then she turned and swept into the dining room. "PollyANNA!" remonstrated the lady, sternly, pulling herself as erect as she could with a dragging weight of ninety pounds hanging about her neck. "Is this the usual way you say good morning?" Miss Polly attempted a frown-with not her usual success. "Pollyanna, you-I Thomas, that will do for this morning. I think you understand-about those rose bushes," she said stiffly. Then she turned and walked rapidly away. Miss Polly frowned, hesitated, then crossed the room majestically and opened the door … "What?" Miss Polly looked up in dazed surprise; then, suddenly, with very red cheeks, she turned and swept angrily down the stairs. "Don't be impertinent, Pollyanna!" Miss Polly bit her lip hard-until the men were gone; then she said sternly, "Pollyanna, hand those things to me at once and come in here. Of all the extraordinary children!" At the top of the stairs Miss Polly jerked out crisply … "That will do, Pollyanna," she said stiffly. "You have said quite enough, I'm sure." The next minute she had swept down the stairs … |
Приложение № 2
Образ Поллианны и Миссис Сноу в контрасте
портретные характеристики | Поллианна | Миссис Сноу |
речь, манера говорить | "How do you do?" began Pollyanna politely … "Why, nothing, much," apologized Pollyanna, hurriedly … "O dear, I wish _I_ didn't," sighed Pollyanna … "O dear! then you'll see my freckles, won't you?" she sighed, as she went to the window." "Why, yes. Didn't you know it?" cried Pollyanna. "Oh, but your eyes are so big and dark, and your hair's all dark, too, and curly," cooed Pollyanna. "Why, no, of course not," agreed Pollyanna, sympathetically. But wait-just let me show you," she exclaimed, skipping over to the bureau and picking up a small hand-glass. "Of course not-and I'm glad, too," nodded Pollyanna, cheerfully … "Oh, I love black hair! I should be so glad if I only had it," sighed Pollyanna. | Dear me! jelly?" murmured a fretful voice … Well, Miss Impertinence, who are you?" she demanded. "Lose time-sleeping!" exclaimed the sick woman. "Me!-pretty!" scoffed the woman, bitterly. … Well, no, I didn't," retorted Mrs. Snow, dryly. "The glass!" snapped the sick woman, falling back on her pillow. "Why, I-suppose so, if you want to," permitted Mrs. Snow, grudgingly; "but 'twon't stay, you know." "Humph!" grunted the sick woman, eyeing her reflection severely. "Maybe; but I never did set much store by black hair-shows gray too soon," retorted Mrs. Snow. She spoke fretfully, but she still held the mirror before her face. "Very poorly, thank you," murmured Mrs. Snow, falling back into her usual listless attitude. "That little thing HAS got a knack with hair and no mistake," she muttered under her breath. "Why, of course I can move-anywhere-in bed," she rejoined a little irritably. "Oh!" scoffed the woman. "THAT? Yes, I remember that; but I didn't suppose you were in earnest any more than I was." "Did you, really? Well, what is it?" Mrs. Snow's voice was sarcastically polite. |
действия, мимика | "Why, what a funny woman," laughed Pollyanna. Pollyanna laughed gleefully. Pollyanna rose to her feet, but she laughed a little ruefully. But wait-just let me show you," she exclaimed, skipping over to the bureau and picking up a small hand-glass. … but some day I'm going to take it all down and have a perfectly lovely time with it," she cried, touching with soft fingers the waving hair above the sick woman's forehead. And she held out the mirror in triumph. "But I should think you'd be glad they did fade," laughed Pollyanna, "'cause then you can have the fun of getting some more. I just love your hair fluffed out like that," she finished with a satisfied gaze. "Don't you?" To Mrs. Snow's unbounded amazement, Pollyanna sprang to her feet and clapped her hands. Good-by. I've had a lovely time! Good-by," she called again, as she tripped through the doorway. | "What?" The sick woman turned sharply. "The glass!" snapped the sick woman, falling back on her pillow. Mrs. Snow dropped the mirror and turned irritably. By and by she turned her head and picked up the mirror, eyeing her reflection critically. "I declare, I didn't know it could look so pretty. But then, what's the use?" she sighed, dropping the little glass into the bedclothes, and rolling her head on the pillow fretfully. The woman stirred restlessly. "Just as if how it looks would make any difference in how it tastes," she scoffed-but she turned her eyes toward the basket. |
Приложение № 3
Образ Поллианны и мистера Пендлтона в контрасте
портретные характеристики | Поллианна | Мистер Пендлтон |
черты лица, мимика, внешность | The telegram says 'light hair, red-checked gingham dress, and straw hat.' "She's eleven years old." To be sure, Jennie herself had written, for a time, and had named her last baby "Pollyanna" for her two sisters, Polly and Anna-the other babies had all died. … the slender little girl in the red-checked gingham with two fat braids of flaxen hair hanging down her back. Beneath the straw hat, an eager, freckled little face turned to the right and to the left, plainly searching for some one. The next moment she found herself half smothered in the clasp of two gingham-clad arms. Her eyes were a little wide and frightened. Pollyanna gave a sudden radiant smile. Pollyanna, smiling bravely now, flew about, hanging the dresses in the closet, Pollyanna laughed again, but she sighed, too; and in the gathering twilight her face looked thin and wistful. "My-duty?" Pollyanna's eyes were wide with wonder. … her rueful eyes fixed on the forlorn heap of garments on the bed. Whereupon she laughed suddenly. Pollyanna herself came out of it with radiant smiles and a heart content … Still more eagerly her big blue eyes tried to look in all directions at once, that no thing of beauty or interest in this wonderful house might be passed unseen. … but her eyes, resting on Pollyanna's jubilantly trustful face, saw something that prevented the words being spoken. "Guess! What do you want?" Pollyanna had skipped back to the basket. Her face was alight. Pollyanna's face expressed only concerned sympathy. The dawning of a wonderful idea began to show in her face. "Why, Aunt Polly, I just told you!" Pollyanna's eyes were wide with surprise. Of a sudden she turned, her face illumined. Pollyanna opened wide her eyes. Pollyanna smiled radiantly. Looking now into Pollyanna's shining eyes, he felt as if a loving hand had been suddenly laid on his head in blessing. "Why, yes, Mr. Pendleton," breathed Pollyanna, her eyes luminous with sympathy for the sad-faced man lying back on the pillow before her. "I'd love to come!" "Yes," pitied Pollyanna, her eyes shining with sympathy. She turned luminous eyes on her aunt. Pollyanna smiled through tear-wet eyes. | The man's lips were threatening to smile, but the scowl above them was still trying to hold them grimly stern. The next time Pollyanna met the Man, his eyes were gazing straight into hers, with a quizzical directness that made his face look really pleasant… The man smiled grimly. The next moment Pollyanna found herself alone with a very cross-looking man lying flat on his back in bed. In spite of himself the man's lips twitched into a smile; but all he said was “Humph” The fleeting smile had gone, and the scowl had come back to the man's face. … for the sad-faced man lying back on the pillow before her. "I'd love to come!" "Thank you," For long years I have been a cross, crabbed, unlovable, unloved old man … Nancy glanced at him, but dropped her eyes at once. She had not supposed that sour, cross, stern John Pendleton could look like that. In a moment he spoke again, still in the low, unsteady voice. There was an angry scowl on his face. "Of course! So fortunate," sniffed the man, with uplifted eyebrows. … he asked with an odd smile. John Pendleton laughed suddenly-and aloud. John Pendleton greeted Pollyanna today with a smile. The man laughed a little grimly. The man laughed. He was watching Pollyanna's rapt face a little curiously. The man's face grew suddenly very grave. "Aunt Polly has been so good to me," she began; but the man interrupted her sharply. The old irritability had come back to his face. His face was white, and his mouth was set into stern lines. She thought it particularly necessary to do this, anyway, for the Man was striding along, his hands behind his back, and his eyes on the ground … |
манера говорить, речь | "How do you do, sir? Isn't this a nice day?" she called cheerily, as she approached him. " 'Tisn't quite so nice as yesterday, but it's pretty nice," she called out cheerfully. "It isn't so nice to-day, is it?" she called blithesomely. "I'm glad it doesn't rain always, anyhow!" "How do you do?" she chirped. "I'm so glad it isn't yesterday, aren't you?" "But you don't have to tell me," nodded Pollyanna, brightly. "Why, yes, he always does--now," smiled Pollyanna. | "Yes; well-Eh? What?" he broke off sharply, in sudden understanding of her words. "Well, of all the-" ejaculated the man, with an oddly impotent gesture. "Well, of all the-" he ejaculated again, as he turned and strode on as before. "Good afternoon," he greeted her a little stiffly. "Humph!" grunted the man, as he passed on. "Never mind Aunt Polly now," cut in the man scowlingly, as he tried to move himself a little. "Yes, you can-but evidently you won't! WILL you go and do what I ask and stop talking," moaned the man, faintly. The man made a queer noise in his throat. "Well, what is the trouble? Couldn't you get in?" he demanded. "See here, didn't I say-" began an angry voice. "Oh, it's you!" it broke off not very graciously, as Pollyanna advanced toward the bed. "Oh, I am," retorted the man grimly. "Oh, of course," interrupted the man, sharply, all the old bitterness coming back to his voice. When he spoke his voice carried the old nervous fretfulness. "Aunt Polly has been so good to me," she began; but the man interrupted her sharply. The old irritability had come back to his face. |
действия | Pollyanna gave a glad cry and clapped her hands joyously. The next moment she skipped merrily from the room, banging the door behind her. Pollyanna skipped gleefully. … and Pollyanna flew to the window to talk to them. The little girl dropped to her toes, and danced lightly up and down. I knew you'd feel that way," she nodded happily, as she ran from the room. "Guess! What do you want?" Pollyanna had skipped back to the basket. "Oh, yes, I was," nodded Pollyanna, triumphantly … Pollyanna rose reluctantly. … she was flying down-stairs, two steps at a time. … And there's rooms-heaps of 'em," she continued, springing to her feet, and tugging at his arm. Pollyanna sprang to his side at once. With a little cry Pollyanna, looking neither to the right nor the left, fairly ran through the hall to the door at the end and opened it. The little girl, shifting impatiently from one small foot to the other, sighed audibly. Pollyanna frowned sympathetically. Pollyanna was still revolving round and round her aunt. Pollyanna began to dance up and down lightly on her toes. "Oh, I'm awfully strong," declared Pollyanna, cheerfully, as she sprang to her feet. Pollyanna clapped her hands softly. "Yes, sir," beamed Pollyanna. Pollyanna laughed happily. You don't look a mite like a Ladies' Aider-not but that you're just as good, of course--maybe better," she added in hurried politeness. | The man stopped abruptly. He started forward again, but after the second step he turned back, still frowning. "Well, of all the-" he ejaculated again, as he turned and strode on as before. John Pendleton rose abruptly-though he had but just come … "Well, of all the-" ejaculated the man, with an oddly impotent gesture. The man did not even grunt this time, nor turn his head. |
Приложение № 4
Образ Миссис Сноу после общения с Поллианной
… because she's been there, and she's known mother is different; but I want her to know HOW different she is-and me, too. I'm different.
"You know nothing was ever right before-for mother. She was always wanting 'em different. And, really, I don't know as one could blame her much-under the circumstances. But now she lets me keep the shades up, and she takes interest in things-how she looks, and her nightdress, and all that. And she's actually begun to knit little things-reins and baby blankets for fairs and hospitals. And she's so interested, and so GLAD to think she can do it!-and that was all Miss Pollyanna's doings, you know, 'cause she told mother she could be glad she'd got her hands and arms, anyway; and that made mother wonder right away why she didn't DO something with her hands and arms. And so she began to do something-to knit, you know. And you can't think what a different room it is now, what with the red and blue and yellow worsteds, and the prisms in the window that SHE gave her-why, it actually makes you feel BETTER just to go in there now; and before I used to dread it awfully, it was so dark and gloomy, and mother was so-so unhappy, you know.
Приложение № 5
Образ Мистера Пендлтона после общения с Поллианной
Nancy glanced at him, but dropped her eyes at once. She had not supposed that sour, cross, stern John Pendleton could look like that. In a moment he spoke again, still in the low, unsteady voice.
“ … I do thank you, however; and I consider you a very brave little girl to do what you did that day. I thank you for the jelly, too," he added in a lighter voice.
John Pendleton greeted Pollyanna today with a smile.
"And so you are-Miss Polly Harrington's niece," he said gently.
"Why, what-" Suddenly the man threw back his head and laughed. He laughed very heartily indeed-so heartily that Pollyanna began to cry from pure nervousness.
He did not look toward Miss Polly. He turned his face resolutely toward the door.
"Oh, yes.” He always speaks and smiles-now. He's only cross OUTSIDE, you know.
… for the sad-faced man lying back on the pillow before her. "I'd love to come!" "Thank you,"
"Don't you?" smiled the man. And Pollyanna, looking into his face, wondered why there were tears in his eyes.
… through the blur of tears in his own eyes…
A low cry came from the man.
John Pendleton smiled.
"Oh, well, you know, I was pretty cross with you, I'm afraid, both the other day when you so kindly brought me the jelly, and that time when you found me with the broken leg at first. By the way, too, I don't think I've ever thanked you for that. Now I'm sure that even you would admit that you were very forgiving to come and see me, after such ungrateful treatment as that!"
… but that when she was there, he seemed scarcely any the happier for her presence-at least, so Pollyanna thought. He talked to her, it was true, and he showed her many strange and beautiful things-books, pictures, and curios. But he still fretted audibly over his own helplessness, and he chafed visibly under the rules and "regulatings" of the unwelcome members of his household.
"What about me? How do you suppose I'm going to be 'glad' about anything-without you? Why, Pollyanna, it's only since you came that I've been even half glad to live! But if I had you for my own little girl, I'd be glad for-anything; and I'd try to make you glad, too, my dear. You shouldn't have a wish ungratified. All my money, to the last cent, should go to make you happy."
For a moment there was absolute silence in the room; then the man spoke, in a voice shaken with emotion. "Poor-little-girl! Poor-little-girl!"
John Pendleton ADOPT Jimmy Bean? John Pendleton, wealthy, independent, morose, reputed to be miserly and supremely selfish, to adopt a little boy-and such a little boy?
"I am very fond of Pollyanna," the man was continuing. "I am fond of her both for her own sake, and for-her mother's. I stood ready to give Pollyanna the love that had been twenty-five years in storage."
Приложение № 6
Образ Мисс Полли после общения с Поллианной
Внешний вид, черты лица, мимика
"O dear! And you did look so pretty," almost sobbed Pollyanna, as she stumbled through the door.
"I just love to see you when your cheeks are pink like that, Aunt Polly; but I would so like to fix your hair.
She saw a face-not young, it is true-but just now alight with excitement and surprise. The cheeks were a pretty pink. The eyes sparkled. The hair, dark, and still damp from the outdoor air, lay in loose waves about the forehead and curved back over the ears in wonderfully becoming lines, with softening little curls here and there. So amazed and so absorbed was Miss Polly with what she saw in the glass that she quite forgot her determination to do over her hair …
There, by a white-faced Aunt Polly …
Miss Polly had shown a face even whiter and more drawn looking than before.
Miss Polly's eyes asked an agonized question of the white-capped young woman standing in the window, out of the range of Pollyanna's eyes.
Her face was not aimless-looking at all, however; it was white and drawn.
Her eyes were full of tears.
A quick spasm of pain crossed the woman's face.
… the man saw the drawn face opposite, twisted with emotion.
Aunt Polly's face had turned white, then red, then back to white again.
A distressed color suffused Miss Polly's face.
Her cheeks were very red, too.
… Miss Polly said little; but even the softening waves of hair about her face, and the becoming laces at her throat, could not hide the fact that she was growing thin and pale.
"I see," she finished, her eyes stinging with sudden tears.
"What?" interrupted Miss Polly, the look of stupefaction on her face changing to one of angry indignation.
"Pollyanna!" Miss Polly had turned sharply. Her cheeks showed a sudden color.
"Nothing, dear. I was changing the position of this prism," said Aunt Polly, whose whole face now was aflame.
Miss Polly bit her lip.
A little later Dr. Warren was surprised to meet an agitated, flushed-faced Miss Polly in the hall.
Манера говорить, речь
"No, dear, I wouldn't try-just yet," soothed her aunt quickly, but very quietly.
Miss Polly cleared her throat, and tried to swallow the lump that would scarcely let her speak.
From the window where Aunt Polly stood now there came a half-stifled cry.
"Pollyanna, my dear," she began gently…"
But when she answered, she showed very plainly that she was trying to speak lightly and cheerfully.
"Oh, no, dear!
"Oh, yes, he does, I'm sure, dear."
For a moment she did not speak at all; then she said gently-though yet with a touch of her old stern decisiveness …
… almost anything for you, my dear;
"WHAT, Pollyanna?" Aunt Polly's voice was very sharp now.
But as before, Aunt Polly shook her head and said "no, dear," very decisively, yet with a still more anxious assurance that she would do anything-anything but that-to please her dear Pollyanna.
… and sharply Aunt Polly's agonized exclamation.
Then Miss Polly, seeing the open door and realizing that her words had been heard, gave a low little moan and-for the first time in her life-fainted dead away.
"Oh, I-see," said Miss Polly very gently;
"What did he-say?" Miss Polly asked the question as if in spite of some force within her that was urging her not to ask it.
"Certainly, Mrs. Benton; I shall be very glad to."
Miss Polly spoke sharply.
Not since Miss Pollyanna's accident had Nancy heard her mistress speak so sternly.
"And you've had still another caller to-day, my dear," announced Miss Polly, in a voice she vainly tried to steady.
"Yes, she said she hoped you'd be. That's why she told you, to make you-GLAD, Pollyanna."
"Yes, dear." Miss Polly sternly forced her voice to be cheerfully matter-of-fact.
Aunt Polly caught her breath a little sharply. It was even harder this time to keep her voice steady; but she did it.
"Yes, dear; and there are all those others, too.
"Yes, Jimmy." Miss Polly's voice was rather faint.
"Yes; but, Jimmy, about that doctor," implored Miss Polly, feverishly.
"It is all right, my dear; don't worry," soothed Miss Polly, agitatedly, hurrying forward.
"Yes, dear, I asked him. That is-"
"Perhaps, some day, dear-"
Действия
… аnd Aunt Polly, in the sitting room-who abhorred cats-fell back in her chair with a gasp of dismay, powerless to remonstrate.
The old helplessness was threatening once more to overcome her. With a visible struggle, however, Miss Polly pulled herself suddenly erect.
Miss Polly raised her hand with a peremptory gesture of silence. Miss Polly's nerves had snapped at last. The "good and kind" of the boy's words were still ringing in her ears, and the old helplessness was almost upon her, she knew. Yet she rallied her forces with the last atom of her will power.
… and Miss Polly did not usually move listlessly. In her ears still was the boy's scornful "you was so good and kind." In her heart was a curious sense of desolation-as of something lost.
And she turned vexedly away.
Aunt Polly put her hand to her throat-the old, helpless feeling was upon her, she knew.
Miss Polly did not finish her sentence. To her helpless amazement she found herself in the low chair before the dressing table …
"But you looked lovely-perfectly lovely, Aunt Polly; and-" " 'Lovely'!" scorned the woman, flinging the shawl to one side and attacking her hair with shaking fingers.
Miss Polly-who had said nothing whatever about broken legs—got suddenly to her feet and walked to the little dressing table across the room. She was picking up one object after another now, and putting each down, in an aimless fashion quite unlike her usual decisiveness.
"You seem to-to be glad for a good many things, my dear," faltered Aunt Polly, putting her hand to her throat as if her collar bound.
Aunt Polly did not answer. Her hand was at her throat again. Her eyes were full of tears.
Miss Polly lifted her hand to the collar at her throat in the gesture that had become so common to her of late.
But instantly he heard a swift step at his side, and found a shaking hand thrust toward him.
For a brief moment Miss Polly lost her usual well-bred self-control.
The series of puzzling, disconcerting visits of the last few days, culminating as they had in the extraordinary experience of the afternoon, had strained her nerves to the snapping point.
Miss Polly was twisting her fingers together helplessly.
"Jimmy, what do you mean?" Miss Polly was leaning forward eagerly.
Miss Polly turned her head from side to side. Her breath was coming in little uneven, rapid gasps.
Aunt Polly swallowed a sob.
Приложение № 7
Портретные характеристики образов главных героев:
Поллианны, мисс Полли, миссис Сноу, мистера Пендлтона
Приложение № 8
Портретные характеристики
изменившихся образов мисс Полли, миссис Сноу, мистера Пендлтона
Лиса и волк
Лиса-охотница
Прекрасная химия
Злая мать и добрая тётя
Разлука