Литература – это искусство или бизнес?

Автор работы

Пивоварова Анна Алексеевна

МОУ «муниципальная средняя

Общеобразовательная школо№2»

г. Кременки Жуковского района

Калужской области

9А класса

Научный руководитель

Бурмистрова Елена Валерьевна

учитель английского языка

средней школы№2 г. Кременки

2008г.

The contents

Introduction………………………………………………………………………..3

1. What the World is Reading……………………………………………………..4

2. Why are the British Mad about Harry?............................................................... 6

3. The Lord of Rings…………………………………………………………...….11

4. Impressions about the book…………………………………………………….15

5. The principe of about the evolution according to Alvin Toffler……………….15

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...17

Appendix………………………………………………………………………….18

The list of the literature…………………………………………………………...35

 Introduction

When I am dead, I hope it may be said:

 "His sins were scarlet, but his books were read"

(Helaire Belloc)

We   have threads on favourite classical pieces, favourite bands, favourite movies...does anyone have favourite books or authors that they'd like to share? First, do you like to read? What novels/poems/plays do you enjoy the most or have meant a lot to you?

When the publishers are offered a new book they ask themselves a number of very important questions. How well will the book sell? Is it good for advertising? Will the retailers like it? This is because both publishers and retailers see literature like this: books = product = profit.

 I think a lot of authors nowadays  write their books only for profit. They want to make a profit on their books.

How do the publishers and retailers know whether the book will make profit? Well, they know that most people's choice of books is based on a combination    of    personal    taste, recommendations    from    friends, previous   reading   and      powerful marketing. The commercial reality of publishing and retailing is that the book must be clearly and easily marketed.

J. K. Rowling was only able to publish her first Harry Potter book because she found a publisher who thought that the book would make good profit.

Literature textbooks like these are quite worth the price that you're paying for. First, it lacks the visual colorful photos of another textbooks and focuses in on literature.

We already have threads on favourite classical pieces, favourite bands, favourite movies...does anyone have favourite books or authors that they'd like to share? First, do you like to read? What novels/poems/plays do you enjoy the most or have meant a lot to you?

I will try to examine this problem using three books.

The first is “The third wave” by Alvin Toffler,

the second book is The Lord of Rings by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien.

And of course , Harry Potter is no exception.

What can you say about this  problem?  What is your opinion?

Is literature art or business?

1. What the World is Reading

The top ten bestselling children's books in Brit ain and America do not have a single book in com mon. No great surprise, you might say, in the two nations that are divided by a common language. That is as may be.

On second reading, it becomes clear that, al though there is no actual point of uniformity, the themes that run through both lists of books are remarkably similar. Difficult mothers, horrible teachers, bullying playmates; those are the mon sters that inhabit many children's lives.

  For younger American children, gentle classics like Winnie-the-Pooh have been joined by rougher tales - of Madeline, an inkblot of a girl, and of Eloise, who is small and spunky. Clearly, you can still wash away your fears with fairy tales. Linking the two genres penned more than 70 years apart- is Maurice Sendak's perennial, Where the Wild Things Are, in which a small and spunky hero escapes from his mother to the land of those rough hairy things. Luckily she turns up when things get rough. British 4-8-year-olds reach less often for mother than for a real hairy thing in the

three places in the top ten, leading with The BFG. By the age of nine, American children are ready to explore the world: of fantasy in The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles, Ella Enchanted and The Phantom Tollbooth, of history in Out of the Dust or just of Manhattan, in So You Want to be a . Wizard. Similarly, British pre-teen boys and girls divide between escapism (with Beano and Dandy annuals) or ultra-realism; teenage love, school bul lies and a mum who lives out of a suitcase. No wonder Women are from Venus; Men are From Mars was such a hit with adults on both sides of the Atlantik.

Top 100 Works in World Literature

Source: Norwegian Book Clubs, with the Norwegian Nobel Institute, 2002.

The editors of the Norwegian Book Clubs, with the Norwegian Nobel Institute, polled a panel of 100 authors from 54 countries on what they considered the “best and most central works in world literature.” Among the authors polled were Milan Kundera, Doris Lessing, Seamus Heaney, Salman Rushdie, Wole Soyinka, John Irving, Nadine Gordimer, and Carlos Fuentes. The list of 100 works appears alphabetically by author. Although the books were not ranked, the editors revealed that Don Quixote received 50% more votes than any other book.

2. Why are the British Mad about Harry?

Who has the most recognized face in Britain at the moment? No, it's not the Queen, nor is it the Prime.

Minister, Tony Blair, it's not even Robbie Williams! The most recognized face belongs to a young man called Daniel Radcliffe. Although ; he is not generally, known to the pub lic as Daniel Radcliffe. In fact, some people don't even know that his name    is    Daniel Radcliffe, they only know  his   face   as being that of his alter ego,  Harry  Potter. Daniel Radcliffe is the actor who plays Harry Potter  on  film  and whose face looks out from a thousand posters across the nation.   The image of Harry Potter is so familiar that even people who haven't read any of the books or seen any of the films know exactly who he is and exactly what he looks like.

The phenomenal  success  of JK Rowling's Harry Potter books has been one of the most talked about  and unexpected success stories in   the   book world. The big surprise has been how many children have been drawn to the books, often with little encouragement from either teachers or parents. The subse quent success of the films and the merchandise that goes with them is far less surprising, but the fact that thousands of chil dren have actually read the original books has been seen as almost incredible.  It has to be said that many parents and teachers    have    been    as impressed by the books as the children and libraries and bookshops across Britain have had to deal with a great demand for the Harry Potter series.

Since the 1960s Britain has seen a steady decline in the popularity of reading amongst school-age chil dren (especially boys), and this has been blamed on the  lure of television, films, computer games and excitingly presented magazines.   The populari ty of the Harry Potter series was seen so unusual that many news paper and magazine arti cles were written about it to try to understand its success.   The theme of the books is not very original and there have been many     similar tales published before without the same suc cess. Why then, should these books be so popular in this day and age?

Firstly, Harry, like all the best heroes or hero ines, appears to be a normal child. Of course, this is only on the surface, as the lightning scar on his forehead gives the reader a clue to who he really is! Thanks to JK Rowling's story telling talent, it is easy to believe that Harry's transition from sad school-boy to famous wizard is the most natural thing in the world.

Secondly, British people always like to take the side of the underdog and Harry has all the attributes of one. Harry is an orphan and is forced to live with his cruel Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon, and their dreadful son, Dudley.

Thirdly, the school which Harry is sent to, Hogwarts, has a lot in com mon with a classic British public school. For example, a lot of the prob lems that Harry and his friends are facing in Hogwarts   are class-related, such as the question of 'pure blood'. It is well-known that in many public schools children from poorer and lower-class families are looked down on. The organization of Hogwarts is also very simi lar to a public school with its strict teachers, board ing houses and attention to sports. However, it is still easy for children to identify with Harry and his friends because they also behave like ordinary modern teenagers. And, of course, children (and their parents) just love all the horrible, dark things that happen in the books.

The popularity of Harry Potter and the sale of Harry Potter goods are likely to stay for the near future at least. However, amongst the hundreds of things for sale connected to the books and films, the most interesting development has been the dramat ic increase in the sale of traditional broomsticks. Look towards Britain on a clear night and you never know what you might see flying in the sky!

The newspapers cry:

How does J.K. Rowling do this to people? The beloved author convinced an American court to hear her complaints of factual errors about an imaginary world, in a proposed encyclopedia of her Harry Potter series. Then, testifying in New York yesterday, she somehow got her attorney to apologize for uttering the words "Lord Voldemort" in court, since the Potter character is "he who must not be named," you see. "Forgive me for speaking the name," said the attorney, Dale Cendali.

Granted, Rowling has many other complaints, first among them copyright infringement, and her attorney may have been having a bit of fun with the "Voldemort" apology. But Rowling still seems to have performed something of a magic trick, turning a relatively straightforward publishing case into a forum on her charitable contributions (her profits, unlike the defendant's, will be donated); on her own plans for a Harry Potter encyclopedia (in the works for 10 years) and on alphabetical order (“What are you accessing in these A-to-Z’s? Aren’t you being suckered out of your hard-earned cash?”).

The author of the encyclopedia Rowling is trying to stop, Harry Potter's Lexicon, once received an award from Rowling for his Potter website, and Rowling has admitted using his site to check her own facts while writing. But she accused the author of plagiarism and shoddy scholarship:

She claims the author has lifted large chunks of her own language without quotation marks. “I believe that this book constitutes the wholesale theft of 17 years of my hard work,” she testified...

The entry under Remus Lupin, she said, missed the opportunity to comment on the etymology of the name as a “double allusion” to the character’s being a werewolf, since in Roman mythology Remus was raised by wolves, and Lupin derived from lupine.

She also objected to what she called the book’s “facetious asides,” like a comment about whether Hagrid could fit into a booth at McDonald’s.

[Times]

K. Rowling enjoying writing last Harry Potter book

Updated Tue. Aug. 1 2006 2:00 PM ET

Associated Press

NEW YORK - Author J.K. Rowling says writing the last of her seven Harry Potter books is proving to be "fun in a way that it hasn't been before."

"To an extent the pressure's off, I suppose, because it's the last book so I feel quite liberated," she said Tuesday. "Now I can just resolve the story."

Rowling was in the United States for the first time since 2000 to take part in an authors' reading for charity. Rowling, Stephen King and John Irving were scheduled to read from their own works on Tuesday and Wednesday nights at Radio City Music Hall.

An Evening with Harry, Carrie and Garp is supporting two non-profit organizations: The Haven Foundation, King's choice, which helps performing artists whose accidents or illnesses have left them uninsured and unable to work, and Doctors Without Borders, Rowling's pick, a humanitarian group that delivers emergency aid in more than 70 countries.

King, who came up with the idea after doing a reading for a favoured cause of Irving's, said they hoped to raise at least $250,000 US for each group.

Rowling said she was "well into" the writing of the seventh Potter book. While she will miss writing the series that have made her a global publishing phenomenon, there would also be an element of freedom, she said.

"There will also be a sense of liberation as well because there are pressures involved in writing something that's popular, and wonderful though it's been, I think that there will also be a certain freedom in escaping that particular part of writing Harry Potter," she said.

In talking about the writing process, both Irving and Rowling said they planned their plots out in advance so that they knew going into the writing whether they would be killing off characters, something which made writing the death scenes somewhat easier.

"I have a kind of casualty list of which characters make it and which characters don't before I write the first word," said Irving, author of works including The World According to Garp and The Cider House Rules.

"By the time I get to write those death scenes themselves ... I'm not truly as emotionally affected when it comes to writing those scenes, it's as if they've already happened," he said.

Rowling agreed, although she admitted it still wasn't always fun to do.

"I don't always enjoy killing my characters, I didn't enjoy killing the character who died at the end of book six," she said, declining to name that person in case someone had yet to finish the book. "I really didn't enjoy doing that but I had been planning that for years so it wasn't quite as poignant as you might imagine. I'd already done my grieving when I actually came to write it."

King, author of works including The Shawshank Redemption and Carrie, said he was looking forward to the last Potter book.

"I want to read the book, I love that series," he said.

Irving said he and King considered themselves as "warm-up bands" for Rowling, and assumed the crowd at the readings would be younger than those who read his works, and largely made up of her fans.

"I'm a little intimidated by the age of the audience, it's not my usual audience," he said.

J. K. Rowling named world's best-paid author

From ANI

London, Oct 3: 'Harry Potter' author J. K. Rowling has been named as the world's best-paid author, with an earning of three million pounds a week.

Rowling earns as much as nine of the best-selling authors put together, and she has been able to make much of the profit from the 375 million Harry Potter books that have been sold.

Added to the sale of the books, the 43-year-old mum of three also gets an undisclosed cut from the profit made out of the Potter films, and earns an estimated 100million pounds from toy merchandise.

Besides these, she makes profit from the video games and the Potter images that appear on everything from sticking plasters to sweets.

On October 2, Forbes named Rowling as one of the true "magic stories" of publishing.

"On the big screen, her Potter franchise has already generated 2.1billion pounds at the worldwide box office - and she still has three flicks to come," the Sun quoted Lacey Rose, a spokeswoman, as saying.

Rowling, believed to be worth 560million pounds, is very humble about her status.

"I know I'm the luckiest woman in the world. I am immensely privileged," she said.

Rowling in Court Over 'Harry Potter' Encyclopedia

J.K. Rowling will testify in a Manhattan court on Monday over a publisher's plans to put out an encyclopedia based on the ''Harry Potter'' books

J.K. Rowling The author has supported free fan sites, but objected when a publisher announced it would try to turn a profit off of one

Toby Canham/Getty Images

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(FROM THE NEW YORK TIMES) – Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling will testify in a Manhattan federal court on Monday (April 14) against a small publisher that plans to release an encyclopedia based on her book series. Last fall, Michigan publisher RDR Books announced that it was publishing a print version of the popular fan website The Harry Potter Lexicon, prompting Rowling and Warner Brothers, the studio that adapted her books, to file a lawsuit for copyright infringement. CNN reports that Rowling's lawyer has arranged with the judge to have a private security guard in the courtroom and for the author to spend breaks in the seclusion of a jury room — away from any die-hard Potter fans in attendance. The trial is expected to take most of the week.

Rowling claims that the print version of the encyclopedia, being written by the website's founder, Steven Vander Ark, and three other writers, would profit by simply repackaging her work. Rowling has openly praised the free Lexicon fan site, even commenting in interviews that she has relied on its catalog of characters, spells, magic potions, locations, and events while writing. Her objection came when RDR said it would make money off of her work. Rowling also claims that she is planning on publishing her own encyclopedia, with proceeds donated to charity, and that the RDR book would deter fans from buying it. RDR argues that Vander Ark’s book follows a long tradition of literary companion guides, saying it ''provides a significant amount of original analysis and commentary concerning everything from insights into the personality of key characters, relationships among them, the meaning of various historical and literary allusions, as well as internal inconsistencies and mistakes in the novels.'' (New York Times)

Harry Potter publisher profit falls

LONDON – Bloomsbury Publishing PLC reported a 13 per cent drop in first-half profits today, a result which might have been worse but for sales resulting from the Harry Potter series.

Bloomsbury reported net profit of 2.58 million pounds ($5.28 million) compared with 2.98 million in the first half of 2006, the company said in a statement.

Sales climbed 37 per cent to 51.4 million pounds ($105.1).

Bloomsbury shares slipped 0.6 per cent to 170 pence ($3.48) in trading today in London.

Chairman Nigel Newton said revenue was boosted by export shipments of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the last installment of J.K. Rowling's series, plus strong sales of Austerity Britain by David Kynaston, How We Built Britain by David Dimbleby and Imperial Life in the Emerald City by Rajiv Chandrasekaran.

The company noted that while its gross profit gained 17 per cent, its gross margin dropped 42 per cent because of royalty costs on the latest Harry Potter book, a high level of returns in the U.K., U.S. and Germany for other books and increased provisions for stock and advances on books published in previous years.

"We do not expect the U.S. to make a profit for the full year 2007, although we expect the position to improve in 2008 when the revenues from the books published under our new imprint, Bloomsbury Press, come fully on stream," Newton said

· The record-breaking scale of this project would have been impossible to bring off, had it not been for the co-operation of the two giants, AOL (America On Line) and Time-Warner. It is their combined distribution network that allows them to get such profits.
But there are people who don't make money out of Harry Potter books and still carry on with the noble business of making Pottermania the worldwide decease: millions of fans have started writing their own stories about Harry Potter, Ron and Hermione. It's called fan fiction and thousands of people are reading it on the net. Over 58,000 web pages relate to Potter fan fiction. But not everyone uses his imagination, imitating J.K.Rowling, just to entertain the websites' guests. Even stolen ideas can be sold and bought! J.K.Rowling claims that the Russian version of Harry Potter " Tanya Grotter and her Magical Double Bass" copies her first hit book "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". It is about an 11year old orphan girl called Tanya Grotter who has strange marks on her face and unusual magical powers. She also has a mysterious enemy who is too evil to be called. And she wears round glasses and goes to a witch school Abracadabra. It all sounds just too familiar,- claim J.K.'s lawyers. They say it's unfair because it copies the storyline, the plot and the characters. But the Russian publishers reply that "Tanya Grotter" is written more as a Potter spoof in reaction to the worldwide "hype" about Potter. J.K.'s lawyers aim to block publication of 7,000 Dutch versions of the book in April.
A fake Harry Potter book portraying our hero as a fat hairy dwarf has gone on sale in China and become an instant hit. According to a report in The Times newspaper, the book - Harry Potter and Leopard Walk up to Dragon, is selling in Beijing street markets for one pound. The book sees the young wizard stripped of his powers as he battles the forces of evil shaped as a dragon. Characters from the real Potter books have been brought back to life and new ones created. It's been written by anonymous Chinese author , but has J.K. Rowling's name on the front cover. The Times says J.K.Rowling's agency is investigating the book. A spokesman said: "We take this issue extremly seriously and are looking into the matter urgently." Harry Potter and Leopard Walk Up to Dragon begins:" Harry doesn't know how long it will take to wash the sticky cream cake off his face".
And another Potter's unwilling advertiser is…(guess who?) the Church.! While the gray-haired Christian Fathers fight Harry Potter, calling him "the evil", "the devil" and any other monster you can imagine, the business wizards just nod their heads, clap their hands and make their money. The hot debates around Harry Potter are holding everyone's attention and interest. The Head of a Church of England school in Kent banned pupils from reading the books for going against the Bible's teachings. In October 1999 a group of parents accused the books of depicting "sheer evil". A pile of Potter books were burned in New Mexico in December 2001 by a religious group who claimed Harry was "the devil". But the Archbishop of Canterbury Dr. George Carey gave his approval to Harry Potter, describing the film as "great fun" and a serious examination of good and evil. A Church of England spokesman said:" It is part of a long Christian tradition to use contemporary culture, particularly contemporary literature, as a vehicle for pointing to Christian truths.
The only thing Potter foes do not understand is that their fighting and accusing Harry Potter makes him even more popular. Everyone gets down to read the books just to form his own attitude towards it, leave alone those who love it heartily. Thus J.K.Rowling's creations continue selling like hotcakes.But if all fairytales and modern day "fantasy" stories fulfil the same function - why aren't they so popular? The book's record-breaking success can in most part be put down to the hero: Harry Potter is a super-man for all times. A puny little boy with magical powers is ready to fight any evil, to draw the reader away from any reality. And another reason for the success of Harry Potter's books is that they correspond to the habits (tastes, if you like) of the modern children. J.K.Rowling has no imagination. She borrows her miracles from computer games and never goes beyond the possibilities of computer graphics. She is incapable of sustaining a single plot line and jumps from one episode to another with no rhyme or reason. But this is not unlike jumping from one Internet page to another, or surfing the channels of your television set, is it? Modern consciousness has lost the habit of linear thought and has accustomed itself to a zigzag way of thinking. The success that Harry Potter has had is indeed bewildering. Harry Potter, written in a worker's cafe by a housewife, was brought to the screen hot on the heels of the enormous success, and "The Lord of the Rings", penned by a Professor, had to wait half a century for its adaptation to the big screen. But do not despair, brothers! Frodo lives! We'll see Gandalf as President yet. If Harry Potter is made from sawdust, Lord of the Rings is hewn from stone.
But still there is one thing we should thank Harry Potter for: J.K.Rowling's books do bring pleasure to its readers. More and more people, both young and old, surrender to the illusions, set forth in Harry Potter's fictional world. They want to beleive the unbeleivable and Rowling makes it easy. They want just to enjoy the books, not thinking of a great industry, ruling the public opinion. Probably, the books are not worth it and the success is just due to proper advertising but still… how pleasant it is to be persuaded!  

 3. The Lord of  the Rings.

FACT FILE

•The Lord of the Rings was published in 1954

• The trilogy is more than 1000 pages. 100 million copies have been sold.

It has been translated into 25 languages

• The book took 11 years to write.

• In 1970 the word hobbit was included in the Oxford Dictionary.

Few films have been so eagerly await ed as The Lord of the Rings — except perhaps Star Wars and Harry Potter. No wonder — the book it is based on is considered to be the champion of fantasy novels. Sometimes it is called the greatest book of the 20th century.

The author of the book, John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in 1892 in South Africa and grew up in a vil lage near Birmingham. He took part in the First World War. Then he became a professor of English at Oxford University.

It was while he was correcting exam papers that Tolkien wrote down a strange sentence that started: "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit..."

Obviously, creative writing was more interesting than correcting papers, because Tolkien went on to

transform this sentence into a full novel called The Hobbit published in 1938. The main characters of this book later appeared in The Lord of the Rings.

Tolkien hated technology, he longed for England before the invention of engines (he died in 1973 and he never had a refrigerator, he never had a TV, he refused to buy an electric iron, although he bought cars for his children and grandchildren). He loved ancient myths and for his books he borrowed charac ters from Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian and other European mythology. He created his own world inhabited by wizards, elves, dwarves, goblins and cer tainly hobbits.

Hobbits are Tolkien's own invention. The word is a combination of Homo (man) and rabbit. Hobbits are rather short (about 1 meter) creatures with furry legs. They are a peaceful, home-loving race, fond of their gardens and their cozy underground homes. They don't like adventures, but the main character of The Hobbit, Bilbo Baggins, is forced to take part in a long and dangerous journey full of risk and extraordinary adventures.

In The Lord of the Rings Bilbo's nephew, Frodo Baggins, is given a dangerous task. He must destroy the magic ring which gives its owner great power. The Ring was made by Sauron the Dark Lord, but then it was lost and found by Bilbo who didn't know about its magic power. If the Ring falls into the hands of Sauron, he and his dark forces will rule the world. So Frodo has to take the Ring to Mordor, the Dark Lord's own territory and throw it into the fires of Mount Doom.

The book was an immediate success. Tolkien's magic world caught readers' imagination. For almost fifty years people are not only reading his books -many try to live in this world.

Tolkien sold the film rights to The Lord of he Ring in 1969 for 10,000 pounds. He didn't really believe that a film would ever be made. But he was wrong. True, it took filmmakers 50 years to take the job of bringing the book to a big screen. A cartoon version was made, but nobody took the risk to make a live-action film. But finally the thing that Tolkien hated so much - technology - helped. With modern computer effects it became possible to create a realistic and exact interpretation of the book. The director Peter Jackson insists that he "used technology to make technology seem to disappear." He wanted the film to be real. He found suitable settings in his native New Zealand and they built the set where "the hob bits" lived a year before they started shooting. They planted cabbages and carrots, grass and weeds, so after a year the whole place had grown and looked completely real.

The first film of the trilogy - The Fellowship of the Ring - was released in December 2001 and has already received several awards, including four Oscars.  

The Lord of the Rings was started as a sequel to The Hobbit, a fantasy story published in 1937 that Tolkien had originally written for and read to his children.The popularity of The Hobbit led to demands from his publishers for more stories about hobbits and goblins, and so that same year, at the age of 45, Tolkien began writing the story that would become The Lord of the Rings. The story would not be finished until 12 years later, in 1949, and it would not be fully published until 1955, by which time Tolkien was 63 years old.

Tolkien did not originally intend to write a sequel to The Hobbit, and instead wrote several other children's tales, such as Roverandom. As his main work, Tolkien began to outline the history of Arda, telling tales of the Silmarils, and many other stories of how the races and situations that we read about in the Lord of the Rings came to be. Tolkien died before he could complete and put together this work, today known as The Silmarillion, but his son Christopher Tolkien edited his father's work, filled in gaps, and published it in 1977. Some Tolkien biographers regard The Silmarillion as the true "work of his heart", as it provides the historical and linguistic context for the more popular work and for his constructed languages, and occupied the greater part of Tolkien's time. As a result The Lord of the Rings ended up as the last movement of Tolkien's legendarium and in his own opinion "much larger, and I hope also in proportion the best, of the entire cycle."

Persuaded by his publishers, he started 'a new Hobbit' in December 1937. After several false starts, the story of the One Ring soon emerged, and the book mutated from being a sequelto The Hobbit, to being, in theme, more a sequel to the unpublished Silmarillion. The idea of the first chapter ("A Long-Expected Party") arrived fully-formed, although the reasons behind Bilbo's disappearance, the significance of the Ring, and the title The Lord of the Rings did not arrive until the spring of 1938. Originally, he planned to write another story in which Bilbo had used up all his treasure and was looking for another adventure to gain more; however, he remembered the ring and its powers and decided to write about it instead.] He began with Bilbo as the main character but decided that the story was too serious to use the fun-loving hobbit and so Tolkien looked to use a member of Bilbo's family. He thought about using Bilbo's son, but this generated some difficult questions, such as the whereabouts of his wife and whether he would let his son go into danger. Thus he looked for an alternate character to carry the ring. In Greek legend, it was a hero's nephew that gained the item of power, and so the hobbit Frodo came into existence. (Though technically Tolkien made Frodo Bilbo's second cousin once removed, because of age differences, the two were to consider each other nephew and uncle).

Writing was slow due to Tolkien's perfectionism, and was frequently interrupted by his obligations as an examiner, and other academic duties. The first sentence of The Hobbit was in fact written on a blank page which a student had left on an exam paper which Tolkien was marking — "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit."] He seems to have abandoned The Lord of the Rings during most of 1943 and only re-started it in April 1944. This effort was written as a serial for Christopher Tolkien and C.S. Lewis — the former would be sent copies of chapters as they were written while he was serving in South Africa in the Royal Air Force  He made another push in 1946, and showed a copy of the manuscript to his publishers in 1947. The story was effectively finished the next year, but Tolkien did not finish revising earlier parts of the work until 1949.

A dispute with his publishers, Allen & Unwin  led to the book being offered to Collins in 1950. He intended The Silmarillion (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with The Lord of the Rings, but A&U were unwilling to do this. After his contact at Collins, Milton Waldman, expressed the belief that The Lord of the Rings itself "urgently needed cutting", he eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952. They did not do so, and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying "I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff."

Following the massive success of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien considered a sequel entitled The New Shadow, in which the Gondorians turn to dark cults and consider an uprising against Aragorn's son, Eldarion. Tolkien never went very far with this sequel, as it had more to do with human nature than with epic struggles, and the few pages which were written can be found in The Peoples of Middle-earth. Instead, Tolkien returned to writing and revising his Silmarillion story, though he died before he could finish this, and The Silmarillion was published posthumously by Tolkien's son and literary executor, Christopher Tolkien, in 1977

Publication

For publication, due largely to post-war paper shortages, but also to keep the price of the first volume down, the book was divided into three volumes: The Fellowship of the Ring Books I and II, The Two Towers: Books III and IV, and The Return of the King  Books V and VI plus six appendices. Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially indices led to these being published later than originally hoped — on 21 July 1954 on 11 November  1954and on 20October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom, slightly later in the United States. The Return of the King was especially delayed. Tolkien, moreover, did not especially like the title The Return of the King, believing it gave away too much of the storyline. He had originally suggested The War of the Ring, which was dismissed by his publishers

Impact on popular culture

Main article: Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien

The Lord of the Rings has had a profound and wide-ranging impact on  popular culture, from its publication in the 1950s, but especially throughout the  1960s and  1970s, where young people embraced it as a countercultural saga  - "Frodo Lives!" and "Gandalf for President" were two phrases popular among American Tolkien fans during this time.  More recent examples include The Lord of the Rings-themed editions of popular board games (e.g., Risk: Lord of the Rings Trilogy Edition, chess and Monopoly);  and parodies such as Bored of the Rings, Lord of the Beans, the South Park episode The Return of the Fellowship of the Ring to the Two Towers, and the Mad Magazine musical send-up titled "The Ring And I". Its influence has been vastly extended in the present day, largely due to the Peter Jackson-directed live-action films.

The book, along with Tolkien's other writings, has influenced many musicians. Rock bands of the 1970s were musically and lyrically inspired by the major fantasy counter-culture of the time; British 70s rock band Led Zeppeling  is arguably the most well-known group to be directly inspired by Tolkien, and have four songs that contain explicit references to The Lord of the Rings. Other 70s rock bands such as Camel, Rush and Styx were also inspired by Tolkien's work. Later, in the 80s and 90s, several (mostly Northern European) metal bands drew inspiration from Tolkien, often with a focus on the 'dark' or evil characters and forces in Tolkien's Middle-earth. These include German metal band Blind Guardian, Austrian metal band Summoning, and Finnish metal band Nightwish. Furthermore, several bands from this metal subgenre have taken their names from Tolkien's story (Burzum, Gorgoroth, Amon Amarth, Ephel Duath and Cirith Ungol for example), and even band members have adopted stage names borrowed from the story, such as Count Grishnackh and Shagrath. 1960s guitarist Steve Took also took his pseudonym in honour of the hobbit character Peregrin Took.

Outside of rock music, a number of classicaland New Age music artists have also been influenced by Tolkien's work. The New Age artist Enya wrote an instrumental piece called "Lothlórien" in 1991, and composed two songs for the film The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring- "May It Be" (sung in English and Quenya) and "Aníron" (sung in Sindarin). Swedish keyboardist Bo Hansson released an instrumental album entitled "Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings" in 1970. The Danish Tolkien Ensemble have released a number of albums that have set the complete poems and songs of The Lord of the Rings to music, some featuring recitation by Christopher Lee

 4.  IMPRESSIONS ABOUT THE BOOK

Reading the book «The Third Wave» by Alvin Toffler left a very deep mark in my memory. There are only a few people in the entire world that have the kind of mind that allows them to look at regular life differently, analyze it and make assumptions that regular people wouldn't even no tice. I think that Alvin Toffler is one of these people.

Even though I don't agree with the author on some mat ters, I want to admit that «The Third Wave» is the book that was written by a man who really cares about the is sues he is exploring and who is also a great expert in his field of study. Even if I did not know Alvin's biography, after reading the book I could assume that exploring human evolution, social issues and history has always been a goal of his life.

Basically, the book tells us about the author's seeing the evolution of the human society. I can imagine how fresh and outstanding seemed his idea of dividing the flow of human history and development into several phases that he called «waves» twenty years ago when his book was first published in 1980. Since that time «The Third Wave» has been translated into all major languages and became very popular all over the world.

While reading «The Third Wave» I kept asking myself the question: «What would Alvin change if he wrote this book nowadays». I don't want to judge him for some of his forecasts that never came true especially because he urged the readers not to filter out single items, but look at the system in its entirety.

Lots of changes have happened since the book first saw the world. World Wide Web brought a piece of infor mational freedom into almost every house, the big empire U.S.S.R collapsed (even Alvin did not believe in this p. 314), finally, we met the new millennium. We are now much deeper in the third wave and this Alvin's work is still popu lar and very actual. Moreover, it became a reference frame for the future research and is being studied in colleges like DeVRY.

Another issue I want to point out here is the impor tance of the Alvin Toffler's work. Even if there were still some people who do not want to look back and to ex plore our history, they would probably want to know what Is going to happen to them tomorrow or after a certain period of time in future. At the very beginning of the book, in the introductory part, Alvin warns the readers about expecting any kind of prognosis or predictions through out the entire book so it would not look like a Nostroda mus prophecy or an encyclopedia of the future. He is aware that he does not have enough information and/or

knowledge to make some judgments and purposely leaves this type of questions wide open for dispute. The author gives the reader or the future explorer directions, the basic outlines that should be filled up by them. «Some-times it is better to ask the right question rather than to give the right answer to the wrong one».  

5. THE PRINCIPE OF THE EVOLUTION ACCORDING TO ALVIN TOFFLER

The book consists of two major parts where the author describes the first two waves that the human society came through and also the third wave. It is the wave that we are living in right now. But first, let's take a look at the whole theory that Alvin tries to explain in his work.

According to the author, the human evolution is not step-less but it consists of several stages. So far, the society has experienced three of them. When there is a coinci dence of several factors, we can witness the shift between the waves. The shifts are the most painful moments in the human history. Most of the Civil wars happened at those times. «The Civil war was not fought exclusively, as it seemed to many, over the moral issue of slavery or such narrow economic issues as tariffs. It was fought over a much larger question: would the rich new continent be ruled by farmers or by industrializes, by the forces of the First Wave or the Second?»

Alvin Toffler considers energy dependency to be a fundamental principle of any civilization. The need for a new kind of energy is one of the causes of shifting to a new wave. For example, during feudalism people used horse power or even human power in agriculture or in construction, which was also considered to be a source of energy. «The precondition of any civilization, old or new, is energy. First wave societies drew their energy from «living batteries» — human and animal muscle-power — or from sun, wind and water». «As late as the French Revolution, it has been estimated, Europe drew energy from an estimated 14 million horses and 24 mil lion oxen».

The increase in human population evoked the need for bigger fields and more buildings, which could no longer be achieved by using the existing tools. In order to move for ward, people needed new tools, such as tractors, trains, cars etc.

However, the need for a new kind of energy was not a sufficient condition to make a shift. Many agricultural civi lizations like China, Rome or Greece died and never moved to the next stage. The need should be backed by develop ments in science and technology which manifests the co incidence needed for the civilization shift. A good example of that was the invention of the steam engine in the 18th century when the agricultural civilization received a great push that moved it into the industrial age later.

Ail other issues, such as technical progress and even political, economical and social sides of the society are only the consequences and they are being changed in order to fit the new reality, industrialism was more than smokestacks and assembly lines, it was a rich, many-sided social system that touched every aspect of hu man life and attacked every feature of the First Wave past».

It took us less than three hundred years to jump from Second Wave into post-industrial society which much faster than agricultural civilization could make it into Industrial ism. This could mean not only acceleration in social development or the technical progress; the «wave glitch» we are living in may turn out to be a bigger drama than it used to be three hundred years ago.

One of the questions that Alvin did not raise in his book is that the people themselves could be in control of civili zations! changes. All the achievements in technical, polit ical and technical sciences should not only be used as a self-developing tool, but people can and should use that knowledge in order to control the development of their his tory. We do not want to think that the civilization we are entering now is going to be the last one on the face of the Earth. Our children and the children of our children have the same right to leave and enjoy their lives as we do now. We are the ones who have to make sure that the human history will not stop today and the shift into another era will be completed.

Did he think about his profit? I don’t think so!

Conclusion

For two thousand years, literature has carried the ideas and cultures of our world. "Writing," according to famed astronomer Carl Sagan, "is perhaps one of the greatest of human inventions, binding together people, citizens of distant epic who never knew one another. Books break the shackles of time, proof that humans can work magic." Poised at the brink of a new millenium, our horizons continue to expand, opening vast new possibilities for making magic. The fall of communism and new economic agreements with former political enemies has allowed us access to previously inaccessible cultures here in our world. The Internet has put the cyber-world at our fingertips. The space program has taken aim at Mars and the secrets of the universe. Yet the world of literature--that great repository of our interior world, where we record what we were, what we are, and what we hope to be--has begun to shrink.

Does this mean that the publishers do not care what the books are? Of course not. The publishers want the books to be good. In any periods of time. If the book is boring and the customers put it down after a chapter, the publisher will not make enough money. Authors are like pop stars, the publishers are like the record companies — they want to get a top hit. However, this means that only books that appeal to a very large group of people have a chance of getting published. More unusual literature, no matter how good it is, must struggle to get published in a world where every pub lisher is looking for the next «Harry Potter ».

  I carried some tests and did some researchers about the opinions among the students of my age abroad.  And I have these results.  I asked some English teens and was expressed  with   the results! The are in the appendix of my work.

According to this information I can  draw a conclusion that in ancient times  authors wrote their books not to make a profit but unfortunately nowadays writers try to earn as much money as they can. Time is on writers’ side!

Appendix

Statement by J.K. Rowling Regarding Today's Legal Proceedings Against RDR Books

    NEW YORK, April 16 /PRNewswire/ --

    The following is a statement by J.K. Rowling:

"The book at the heart of this case has overstepped a boundary so unreasonably that I have been forced, regretfully, to take legal action. Authors have a right to protect their works from misuse. Do I have fewer rights because many people read my books? If this book is published, it will open the floodgates for anyone to lift an author's work and present it as their own. But if it is not published, that will be a boon not only to all who create original works, but to all who enjoy those works."

Российская Таня Гроттер всего лишь пародия на Гарри Поттера

11 ноября 2002

У Гарри Поттера и Тани Гроттер много общего - оба сироты, обладают сверхъестественными способностями и сражаются со страшными врагами. Но неосторожные сравнения не сделали Гарри и российскую литературную сенсацию - Таню друзьями.

Издатели книг о Гарри Поттере заявляют, что Дмитрий Емец, - создатель Гроттер копирует свой персонаж с мальчика-волшебника, и угрожают ему судебным иском.

Емец в свою очередь категорически не согласен с тем, что его произведение называют плагиатом. "Это всего лишь пародия. Я переношу идеи романа в российский контекст", - сказал автор.

Внешне обе книги очень похожи. На обложках один и тот же шрифт, а герои изображены летящими. Очень похожи и сюжеты обоих произведений. Родители как Гарри, так и Тани погибли сражаясь против злых волшебников, и главные герои продолжают борьбу: Гарри против Волан-де-Морта, Таня против Чума-дель-торта. Оба героя поступают в школы волшебников.

Однако, несмотря на это, юные читатели не сомневаются в своих предпочтениях.

Вот что говорит девятилетняя Саша о Тане Гроттер: "Эти герои очень похожи, но Таня Гроттер лучше и книга веселее. Ну и то, что главный герой девочка значительно ближе мне по характеру".

Девятилетний Александр говорит: "Таня лучше, потому что она русская. "Таня" - это популярное русское имя, в отличие от "Гарри", хотя фамилия "Гроттер" не русская и я не знаю ее происхождение".

Еемец уверен в том, что его читатели в состоянии отличить эти произведения. И он бы хотел, чтобы его книги вышли на английском языке. Тогда критики тоже смогут это понять.

Вопрос об экранизации книг Емеца пока не поднимался, но не исключено, что через какое-то время в России появится трилогия о                                           девочке-волшебнице.

Spanish teens about The Lord of the Rings

Within Temptation, they're my favorite

danininjawarrior  

That was AWESOME! I love this video! Thank you!

awsome 5/5 was this just lotr 3? or did you use the other movies? do you have this video on another site?

YoshiDiamondKing  

+1

Awesome stratagy using solemn hour with lord of the rings!!!!

xAnimeWannabe  

O.O Now that was freaking awesome. It really shows the struggle they all went through. LOTR is the best movie trilogy I have ever seen, and your music video did it Justice. <3
Thanks so much for sharing this with us all.
(Within Temptation rocks too, tehe)

LadyVader66  

+2

BEST video I have EVER seen!

avengedsevenfoldpwns  

+3

very, very   good

SubTukkZero  

+9

I can't stop watching this video! It's one of my favourite (if not my number one favourite) things on all of Youtube.

 

loontjuhhh13  

+3

I'd tottaly agree with your commend but my favourite charactars are Frodo and Sam cause they do the most in the movie because of the ring. The book is great but as you know it's different from the movie.. :P

akhena2004  

+2

very well done! XD!!! 5 stars!!!!

Some quotations about literature

"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them. " - Ray  Bradbury

" The love of learning, the sequestered nooks,
And all the sweet serenity of books." - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Morituri Salutamus, 1875

" I have always imagined that Paradise will be a kind of library. " - Jorge Luis Borges

" In literature as in love we are astounded by what is chosen by others. " - André Maurois

"There is more treasure in books than
in all the pirate's loot on Treasure Island." - Walt Disney

Test!!!

FANTASY WORLDS

Which novelist created this fantasy world?

Начало формы

1. Ancelstierre

a) Kate Forsyth
b) Garth Nix
c) Traci Harding
d) Robert Jordan

2. Earthsea

a) Ursula Le Guin
b) Susan Cooper
c) Dianna Wynne Jones
d) J.K. Rowling

3. Discworld

a) Molly Meldrum
b) Stuart Coupe
c) Terry Pratchett
d) Caiseal Mor

4. Morgravia

a) Cecilia Dart-Thornton
b) Fiona McIntosh
c) Isobelle Carmody
d) A.E. Van Vogt

5. Middle Earth

a) Peter Jackson
b) Patricia Wrightson
c) J.R.R. Tolkien
d) C.S. Lewis

6. Pern

a) Anne McCaffrey
b) Poul Anderson
c) T.H. White
d) Patricia McKillip

7. Arrakis

a) Robert Heinlein
b) Isaac Asimov
c) Iain Banks
d) Frank Herbert

8. Obernewtyn

a) Brian Aldiss
b) William Kotzwinkle
c) Isobelle Carmody
d) Michael Moorcock

9. Mirrilladell

a) Ian Irvine
b) Phyllis Eisenstein
c) J.G. Ballard
d) Peter Ackroyd

10. Six Duchies

a) Chelsea Quinn Yarbro
b) Emma Tennant
c) Robin Hobb
d) Alan Garner

Keys:  1.b, 2.a, 3.c, 4.b, 5.c, 6.a, 7.d, 8.c, 9.a, 10.c

TRAVEL BOOKS

Where does this travel book take us?

Начало формы

1. Yakety Yak - Russell McGilton

a) Silicon Valley
b) New York City
c) Bombay to Beijing
d) Italy

2. Are We There Yet? - David Smiedt

a) Germany
b) Australia
c) New Zealand
d) South Africa

3. Driving Over Lemons - Chris Stewart

a) Morocco
b) Spain
c) Lebanon
d) Lemon Tree Passage

4. Raw Spirit - Iain Banks

a) California
b) Alaska
c) Scotland
d) Australian Naturist resorts

5. Not Another Book About Italy - Ann Pickard

a) Italy
b) Portugal
c) Malta
d) Greece

6. Ant Egg Soup - Natacha Du Pont De Bie

a) Thailand
b) Cambodia
c) Vietnam
d) Laos

7. Vroom with a View - Peter Moore

a) Daytona
b) Gold Coast
c) Italy
d) Austria

8. The Olive Farm - Carol Drinkwater

a) New South Wales
b) France
c) Greece
d) Portugal

9. Notes from a Small Island - Bill Bryson

a) England
b) Japan
c) USA
d) Iceland

10. El Camino - Shirley Maclaine

a) The Andes
b) Chile
c) Northern Spain
d) Mexico

Keys: 1.c, 2.d, 3.b, 4.c, 5.a, 6.d, 7.c, 8.b, 9.a, 10.c

                            The Russian-Spanish- English dialogue

Today I´m starting my "Book List". I will always say which book I´ve finished reading (or rereading) so I will know how... the whole saga. I love this book and Harry Potter´s innocence, but as it is the introduction of the story, it isn´t my favourite book Ron and Hermione are really cute in this book too! "She´s a nightmare!" Best...10) 9 Opinion: I LOVE this book! It´s so funny and Michael ...

Book List

One more, that I finished reading yesterday! =o) 3. Sushi for beginners, by Marian Keyes First time? Yes How many moons (0-10)? 9 Review: I liked very much this book. While I was reading, I thought "Where is the sushi?". But when it appeared... Awww, I loved it. My favourite Marian Keyes book is "Anybody out there?". This is the second in this list. Best part: The epilogue!

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You favourite book and is literature art or business????

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Jackson

Age: 23

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you favouгite book

20.11.08   08:34

Hello, everyone.Which book is your favourite?I like reading books.I like many books, for example 'Dream of the Red Chamber''Gone with the wind''Pride and prejudice'and so on.  I think lit-re is ART!!!!

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Liv

Age: 22

member

Re: you favoгrite book

20.11.08   16:58

Oh, there are so many..

I love russian authors, mainly Chekhov's short stories. I love a brazilian book named "Grande Sertão: Veredas", and "The catcher in the rye"  and  "In cold blood" from north american literature. Business , of course!!! ( accepts Russian literature)

[Edited]

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Keks

Age: 16

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Re: you favorite book

20.11.08   13:04

My favourite book is "Twilight" :D I d now

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GaiusBotanicus

Age: N/A

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Re: you favourite book

20.11.08   23:49

There are so many different genres of books to love out there.  My favourite fiction works are those of Hesse (Siddhartha of course) and H.G. Wells (as well as his non-fiction).  I also love reading the social critiques and psychoanalyses of Erich Fromm and Carl Jung, they are very rewarding.  Anybody else on the same boat?  No, money, money, mmmm

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Yoyo

Age: N/A

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Re: you favourite book

20.11.08   10:03

Oh yes, I love Pride and Prejudice ART!

and "Inkheart" as well...I don’t care((( but money may be

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stranger-at-the-gate

Age: N/A

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Re: you favourite book

20.11.08   08:48

Hallo! My favourite books are: M. Twain The adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Axel Munthe The story of San Michele, Zeliazni A Night in the Lonesome October Stivenson Treasure Island, Kipling The Book of Jungle, Kim... Let me See…… art!

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Nan

Age: N/A

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Re: you favourite book

20.11.08   11:38

My favourite book issMitch Albion's The Five People You Meet in Heaven. It was sad and more than alittle hear-tugging but in the end it was very uplifting spiritually, as well as emotionally. I highly recommend this to anyone--Nan 

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Danyelle

Age: 20

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Re: you favourite book

20.11.08   06:02

The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky

Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov

The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold

The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath

Wizard's First Rule by Terry Goodkind

Invisible Monsters by Chuck Palahniuk

The Giver by Lois Lowry

The Book Thief by Markus Zusak

Night by Eli Wiesel

The Virgin Suicides by Jeffrey Eugenides

I possibly and quite probably butchered some of those names, as I don't have the books in front of me, so my apologies if I did happen to do so.

I have so many that to list them all would take absolutely too much time. As for your question-

It’s Greek to me….. business long live!

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mary87

Age: 21

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Re: you favourite book

20.11.08   16:24

i like different kind of books, almost I love fantasy-dennis l. mc kiernan and walter moers, also I like "funny" books of shari low, christoher moore...and many other . Art or business---&&&& of course!

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sai

Age: 20

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do u know Jack.Kerouac?

20.11.08   06:29

well,when i was  in elementary or middle school,my teachers forced me to  read classicals,both hinterland and outside.Some of them were in  my favourite ,but some of which i really could not understand and felt like a bore (maybe i am stupid~).

But nowadays,i take fancy to JK"s masterpieces such as Desolation Angle,Mexico city blues and so force.yes,i 'd like to recommend his <> which based on town-crossing in the US.He was one of writers of the BEAT GENERATION,he said: everyday is in eternity!everyman's an angle! 

I think that is totally right^^ authors made a name and earn a lot of money for truffles!

 Buy!!!

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sai

Age: 20

member

Re: you favourite book

20.11.08   06:31

Quoting Danyelle:

The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky

Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov

The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold

The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath

Wizard's First Rule by Terry Goodkind

Invisible Monsters by Chuck Palahniuk

The Giver by Lois Lowry

The Book Thief by Markus Zusak

Night by Eli Wiesel

The Virgin Suicides by Jeffrey Eugenides

I possibly and quite probably butchered some of those names, as I don't have the books in front of me, so my apologies if I did happen to do so.

I have so many that to list them all would take absolutely too much time.

you have read so many!envy u. The power behind the throne!|\\\\

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Darya

Age: 18

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Re: you favourite book

20.11.08   10:08

Quoting Keks:
My favourite book is "Twilight" :D

 
well,i have heard so much about this book. what it is about? I like Russian writers, thinking they are the greatest deal!!!!

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nico

Age: 23

member

Re: you favourite book

20.11.08   12:34

Call of the Wild

this is the bOoK of my lOvE!!!

------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------

--
once you had time, try traveling in Beijng,China, there

will be a lot more fun~
choose a short rent apartment, choose me to help you find  $$$$$$$$$$$$$

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alex_sandra

Age: N/A

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Re: you favorite book

20.11.08   14:53

Hi ;) I love books written by Paulo Coelho... All of them are great...

I already read: "Eleven minutes", "Alchemist", "Veronika Decides to die", "The Devil and Miss Prym" and now I am reading "By the River Piedra I Sat Down and Wept"... I really encourage to read them...

I also like books written by Eric Emmanuel Schmitt... My favourite is "Oscar and Mrs Rose" (I don't know if I write it correctly but I am from Poland and my English is very poor :P) If somebody want to talk with me plz write on my email adress cuz my icq is broken... It is:  

And here are some lines from my favourite books:

"You can have the freedom of the wind. There is nothing to hold you back except yourself."

"I’m afraid that if my dream is realized, I’ll have no reason to go on living."

"Wherever your heart is, there you will find your treasure. "

"When we strive to become better than we are, everything around us becomes better too. "

"There is only one thing that makes a dream impossible to achieve: the fear of failure."

"Don’t give in to your fears. If you do so, you won’t be able to talk to your heart."

 "Always making plans for the future, and always being surprised by the present."

"I need to love--that's all, I need to love.  Life is too short, or too long, for me to allow myself the luxury of living it so badly."

"I can choose either to be a victim of the world or an adventurer in search of treasure.  It's all a question of how I view my life."

"When we meet someone and fall in love, we have a sense that the whole universe is on our side.  And yet if something goes wrong, there is nothing left!  How is it possible for the beauty that was there only minutes before to vanish so quickly?  Life moves very fast.  It rushes from heaven to hell in a matter of seconds." They all ride high!!!! (((((

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What do they think about  Dostoyevsky?

Date: 2008-10-12   Rating: 5
Review:

Brightful and Enlightening

These two words describe simply the book. However, for those "busy souls intimidated by the length of his great novels", I must say: "Buy his long great novels, particularly 'The Idiot' and 'Crime and Punishment'. It will only take you more time reading them but it will be worth it for sure. Believe me."

Date: 2008-20-11   Rating: 5
Review:

Great for discussion groups.

There are two books that I know of that are truly great introductions to the Russian Classics. "Walk in the Light" compiles some of the best short stories from Tolstoy and "The Gospel in Dostoyevsky" collects important excerpts from Fyodor that stand on their own as readable stories. Both are great for discussion groups, or even out loud family reading.

Date: 2008-20-11 Rating: 5
Review:

A good intro to the Russian classics!

While the Dostoyevski excerpts compiled in this collection stand on their own as meaningful and wonderfully readable short stories, they will also serve to awaken an interest in the more complete Russian classics.

Date: 2008-20-11   Rating: 5
Review:

Dostoevsky... Dancer in the dark....

Here are the dark side of the human soul, with all its charm and idealism! The beauty of the female, the goodness of the idiot, the criminal who falls in love and punishes himself. Here are love stories that make you weep and laugh. You meet a noble thief, and get to know the insulted and the inhumiliated that suddenly seem to you to be the most loveable people in the world. The world of Dostoyevsky is full of love, children, women and... contradictions and conflicts.

The list of the literature Конец формы

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The list of the literature

1.English №26/ 2000

2.English № 15/2000

3.Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix … J.K. Rowling 2003

4.Harry Potter and the Chamber J.K. Rowling 2002

5.Sptak out №4/ 2003

6.Speak out №2 / 2003

7.The lord of the Rings J.Tolkien

8.The third wave. Alvin Toffler

9.The Economist №15 / 2000

10. Об англоязычной культуре на английском языке. Е.В. Яковлева, М. 2000