Проектная работа «Stained glass art of Great Britain».

МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

ТУЧКОВСКАЯ СРЕДНЯЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА №3

С УГЛУБЛЕННЫМ ИЗУЧЕНИЕМ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ПРЕДМЕТОВ

143130 Московская область,

Рузский р-н, г.п. Тучково,              

Восточный мкр.,  д.15                                                                                                                        

Тел.8(496-27) 32-287

E-mail: TuchkovoSchool@yandex.ru 

  Project work «Stained glass art of Great Britain».

           Made by

           Ershova Polina

          10 «А»

          Checked by

          Golubeva E. N.

          (English teacher)

                                                Тучково, 2023

Сontent

Introduction

        The term "stained glass" comes from the French word "vitre" (window glass). A stained-glass window is a decorative ornamental or thematic composition made of pieces of multi-colored glass intended for filling a window opening.

The aim of this work is:

get people acquainted and interested in the stained glass technique, to master the technology of making a stained glass picture.

The tasks are:

- get to know the stained glass art of Great Britain;

-examine the types and techniques of stained glass;

- consider the technique of contour painting in more detail, create a picture using this technique.

The hypothesis is:

many people like to look at stained glass windows in cathedrals, museums, at exhibitions, but is it possible to make it yourself to decorate your home?

The objects of studying are:

stained glass art of Great Britain.

The subjects of studying are: 

contour painting on glass

The relevance of the project is: 

painting on glass is at the present stage a very popular type of decorative and applied art. This direction is very interesting for the variety of its types and techniques for performing work. Artistic products occupy an honorable place in our homes among other human creations.

1 History of stained glass painting in the Great Britain

        After the Norman conquest of England in 1066, massive construction of churches and cathedrals began. At first they were built in the Norman and Romanesque styles, and later the churches acquired a Gothic look. The windows in Gothic churches were usually either large or many, so that as much light as possible got inside. The windows were glazed, often with colored glass held in place by strips of lead. Since colored glass could then only be made in pieces, this manufacturing method proved to be suitable for creating colored paintings. From the 12th century, the production of stained glass windows was in full swing. In the 17th century under Oliver Cromwell during the Reformation, the Puritans smashed most of the early stained glass windows to "cleanse" England of Roman Catholic influence.

        Most fortunate were those stained-glass windows, which were very high and the stones and sticks of the revolutionary reformers could not reach them.

        The first English stained glass window almost completely copied the style and motives of German Gothic art. In this regard, until the beginning of the 18th century, motifs united by the name "Faith and Chivalry" dominated in English painting in general, and in stained glass themes in particular, until the beginning of the 18th century. The characteristic English stained glass window of that time was a window painted by the master, the heroes of the images on which were allegorical figures of famous saints, kings or knights in the center, surrounded by various heraldic symbols at the edges. An example of such a stained glass window can be seen at Westminster Abbey.

        The next artistic principle focused on the intricate and intricate geometric interweaving of lines on translucent colored glass. Medieval motifs gave way to new compositions - with incredible ornaments, interweaving of rhombuses, triangles, circles and even more complex figures that took place along the perimeter of the stained glass windows. A little later, floristry was added to the geometric ornament. But in the center, the stained glass window still retained the heraldic theme. Most cathedrals in England have just such stained glass windows. The most famous can be seen in All Saints Margaret Street, Holy Trinity Sloane Street, Southwark Cathedral.

        Only by the 19th century did the English stained-glass window practically go away from complex plot lines (after all, it was long and expensive to lay out full-scale paintings with a high degree of detail of faces in glass). Geometric motifs and floristry remained - but the shapes of individual glasses became much more complicated, a Schwarzlot appeared in the drawing of elements, and the emphasis was placed on decorative attractiveness.

        In modern England, many people decorate their homes with stained glass paintings, decorative items using this technique. Moreover, this type of applied art has become popular not only in the Great Britain, but throughout the world.

         At the turn of the millennium, new technologies have emerged that make it possible to apply an image on display, safe glass. Stained-glass windows became durable and reliable, new paints appeared that did not fade and tolerated temperature changes and the effects of precipitation well. People have a desire to make a standard room unique, to give it a touch of individuality.

2 Types of stained-glass windows, depending on the manufacturing technique

        Today there are a considerable number of stained glass techniques. Their classification is based not only on production methods, but also on characteristic external features, durability, fragility and other characteristics.

        Tiffany. The stained-glass window is assembled from many turned glass fragments, each of which is wrapped with adhesive copper tape. The prepared parts are soldered to each other by means of lead-tin solder. This technique allows you to create textured and volumetric stained glass windows of various shapes. Compositions made in the Tiffany technique are distinguished by their durability and resistance to temperature extremes.

        Film stained-glass windows. They are made using polymer films of various colors, imitating expensive stained-glass windows. The joints between the fragments of pseudo-stained-glass windows are glued with a tin or lead profile, and after applying the tape, it is rolled with a roller.

        Fusing. It is made by sintering the turned fragments of the future stained-glass window on degreased glass-base. A special fusing oven is used in the work, which allows to distinguish temperature conditions to give the product an unusual texture. By overlaying each other, you can have a three-dimensional image effect. This technique is able to give a "watercolor", solidity and relief to the stained-glass window.

        Painted stained-glass windows. They are carried out using varnish or acrylic paints, as well as paints on a water or synthetic basis. Depending on the execution of the drawing, the painting can be performed in free technique, resembling a picture, or it can be a pseudo-stained glass window with an imitation of soldered contours made with paint. To increase durability, painted stained-glass windows are kilned or varnished. They also allow you to achieve unusual effects on glass, conveying many shades due to the possibility of mixing paints.

        Sandblast. It is the processing of a glass surface with a powerful jet of air and abrasive material (usually filtered sand). The power of pressure and the graininess of the sand allow you to vary the degree of roughness of the stained glass picture.

        Facet stained-glass windows. They are made using polished and ground beveled glasses with faceting. Such glass fragments are glued to the sandblasted base sheet. They are assembled into beautiful geometric patterns using a brass or copper profile. Faceted stained-glass windows are heavy, because thick glass (5-25mm) is usually used in the work, which enhances the visual effect of light refraction.

        Classic stained glass windows. Present an artistic mosaic made of glass fragments, cut according to the sketch. The numbered parts of the stained-glass window, being on the assembly table, are soldered into a single composition using a copper, lead or brass profile. Often, corrugated and non-uniform glass is used in the work, due to which the stained-glass window looks more expressive and effective. Often they are combined with other techniques, for example, artistic painting, which allows you to create a stained glass window with a more complex spectacular pattern.

        Matting. This technique can be performed in various ways: mechanical or chemical treatment, application of matt paints and varnishes or firing coatings. In rare cases, remote matting, laser radiation, plasma spraying of metals are used. Frosted stained glass picture is practically eternal, because it cannot be scraped off or washed off. This technique also allows you to create color images. As a rule, matting is carried out using stencils.

        Combined stained-glass windows. They combine several stained glass techniques to achieve a wider variety of textures and optical effects. The production of such stained-glass windows is a complex and multi-stage process.

        Stained glass collages. They differ in the absence of clear image lines. Glass fragments are connected with a special polymer solution. A transparent sheet of glass is used as a base. Features of this technique allow you to create any patterns using even small details.

3 Types of painted stained glass

        Having studied stained glass techniques, I concluded that painted stained glass is the easiest technique to perform. Let's take a closer look at this stained glass window.

        There are three main types of stained glass painting: contour, non-contour and multi-layer.

        Contour painting with stained glass paints. An outline is used to separate sections of the drawing. These can be contour paints or stained glass tape. After applying the contour, all limited areas are filled with paints. The height of the contours can be increased. Then it will be possible to pour more paint and make the stained glass more saturated and opaque.

        Contourless painting with stained glass paints. Painting without contours requires perseverance and skill. You also need to know how paints of different colors react to each other. Contourless painting with stained glass paints allows you to create the effect of watercolors on glass with beautiful colored stains.

        Multilayer stained glass. A technique that allows you to draw people's faces, transfer a cut-off drawing on an image object using stained glass paints. This is necessary to achieve the greatest similarity and realistic image. This technique is more convenient to use with water-based paints. They can be stacked in several layers, painted in watercolor technique.

4 Creating a stained glass picture using the technique of contour painting on glass

        Having studied various stained glass techniques, I decided to paint a picture in the most available technique for all - painted stained glass. For the painting, I chose contour painting with stained glass paints.

         Stages of creation:

        1. At the first stage of the work, I got acquainted with the future site for subsequent painting, this stage includes the search for a composition for future work. I found the idea for my work on the Internet, replacing and adding some details, I got the perfect composition for myself (pic.1).

        2. The second stage was at prepared the glass by treating it with a special agent. For convenience, I have placed all the accessories for working on a level and clean surface.

        3. Then I placed the sketch under the glass and outlined it with a special black contour. At this stage, it is worth waiting for the contour to dry in order to avoid deformation of the pattern. Drying time depends on the temperature and humidity in the room and ranges from three to five hours. (pic.2).

        4. The next day, using acrylic paints on glass, I filled in the drawing using the fill method. In this work, I decided to use pastel shades (pic.3).

        5. After finishing work with paints, I left the painting to dry for 24 hours in a horizontal position (pic.4).

Conclusion

        Artistic painting on glass is a special, unique and modern trend in decorative and applied art. Interesting in itself, acquiring great expressiveness in combination with other types of fine arts. The main application of painting on glass is reflected in artistic stained-glass windows and other glass products. The past of this art form is very rich, its prospects are endless, its creative possibilities are inexhaustible.

To sum up in my project I examined:

- the historical features of stained glass art in Great Britain, which made it possible to reveal the rich past of stained glass art and its boundless prospects;

- techniques of stained glass and their features;

- types of painted stained-glass windows.

As a result a picture in the technique of contour painting on glass was created.

        Products made by artistic glass painting take pride of place in our homes, they are unique, original and inimitable. Often, other decorative items using the technique of painting on glass begin appear in the interior. These are all possible flower vases, dishes, chandeliers and sconces made using this technique.

Reference list

1. Гигли Линетт «Техника росписи по стеклу» издательство Ниола-Пресс. 2007

2. Седман Эмма «Роспись по стеклу» издательство Ниола-Пресс. 2008

3. Спирито Мария Ди «РОСПИСЬ ПО СТЕКЛУ» издательство Мой Мир.2006

4.http://artultra.ru/vitrazhi/vidy-vitrazhey/vitrazhnaya-rospis/rospis-stekla-vitrazhnymi-kraskami/istoriya-vitrazhnoy-rospisi/

5. http://artultra.ru/obrabotka_stekla/rospis_po_steklu/

6. http://artultra.ru/vitrazhi/vidy-vitrazhey/

7. http://tvorchestvo.kanzoboz.ru/articles_490427/

8. https://pailish.livejournal.com/1038755.html

9. http://www.dilglass.ru/articles/angliyskiy-vitrazh

Applications

picture 1

picture 2

picture 3

picture 4