Презентация по теме "Tankers: classification and features"

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The advent of the tanker fleet The emergence of the tanker fleet is a relatively new phenomenon. The first tankers appeared at the end of the 19th century. Until that time, technical solutions did not allow the transportation of large quantities of bulk liquids, such as oil, in the holds. And the markets did not require such transportation, the demand for oil was satisfied by local processing and transportation by land. At the end of the XIX century. the demand for oil has increased due to the development of energy in a number of countries, and technological innovations have made it possible to build a new class of ships - tankers designed to carry large quantities of crude oil and oil products in the holds. This is how this separate specialized class of ships began to develop.

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Tanker dimensions The increase in the dimensions of tankers for long-distance transportation turned out to be limited by the size of the locks of the two channels through which the main routes pass - the Suez and Panama, as well as the Strait of Malacca. Demand necessitated the expansion of the Panama Canal locks, which led to the division of tankers into existing tankers of the “old Panamax” class and those built already taking into account the new dimensions of the “new Panamax” locks.

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To date, almost all tankers have a bulbous bow, which increases efficiency when the vessel is moving. Although tankers are slow-moving vessels, the bulbous bow significantly reduces wave resistance when the vessel is moving. At the same time, the geometry of the bow bulb of tankers differs significantly from the similar geometry of the bulb of high-speed vessels. B ulbous nose

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Tanker onboard systems 1) Cargo heating system 2) Ventilation system of cargo tanks 3) Overflow Control System 4) Inert gas supply system 5) Fire protection system

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Since tankers are relatively slow ships (average max. speed is 15.5 knots) and have no space constraints for engine placement, they can use large low-speed marine diesel engines as main engines. This type of engine takes up more space than high speed marine engines, but delivers more efficient power to the propeller shaft and there is no gear loss because the engine shaft RPM matches the propeller RPM. Energy ship installation of a tanker

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