«The history of space exploration in the USSR»

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Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение средняя общеобразовательная школа №2 г. Хвалынска Саратовской области Региональный интернет-конкурс обучающихся, воспитанников и педагогов «Он сказал: «Поехали!» Номинация: Презентация на английском языке « The history of space exploration in the USSR » Выполнил: Гончаров Василий, учащийся 7б класса Руководитель: Иванова Е.С., учитель английского языка

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The history of space exploration The history of space exploration is the most striking example of the triumph of the human mind over recalcitrant unknown matter in the shortest possible time. Looking at the stars on the sky at night and following the movement of the sun at the day time, experiencing solar and moon eclipses, northern lights and meteoric showers, people from ancient times have begun to think about space. Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. We don’t know when men began to dream of travelling in space. But there is no doubt that any person looking at the stars usually dream s of getting closer to them.

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Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky But the dream of travelling into space became true only in the 20 th century. T he first rocket capable to launc h an object into space was developed by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky , the Founder of astronautics, in 1903 . he first proved the possibility of using rockets for interplanetary communications, found a number of important engineering solutions for the design of rockets and liquid rocket engines. In 1926 the first liquid-fuelled rocket was launched and travelled 200 feet.

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Time passed, and although wars greatly slowed down the process of creating rockets for peaceful use, space progress did not stand still. After World War II, the superpower opposition between the USA and the Soviet Union stimulated rocket research and development. Both nations realized that large rockets can be used to attack an enemy from thousands of miles away and that satellites put into orbit around the Earth by rockets could transmit messages.

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Sergey Pavlovich Korolev The main constructor of Russian space technique and a prominent scientist He was a major figure in the development of the Russian space program and founder of practical cosmonautics. Korolyov was responsible for many of Russia’s well-known achievements in space exploration. He was the chief constructor of the first man-made sputnik of the Earth and created the first spaceflight unit for investigations in open space

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Sputnik 1 The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, and initiating the Soviet Sputnik program, with Sergei Korolev as chief designer (there is a crater on the lunar far side which bears his name). It was the unmanned spacecraft. It was really small and it had a weight only 83 kilos. Sputnik 1 helped to identify the density of high atmospheric layers through measurement of its orbital change and provided data on radio-signal distribution in the ionosphere.

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Animals in space Laika was a Soviet space dog that became the first animal to orbit the Earth – as well as the first animal to die in orbit. Some scientists believed humans would be unable to survive the launch or the conditions of outer space, so engineers viewed flights by animals as a necessary precursor to human missions. Laika , a stray dog, originally named Kudryavka , other dogs and was chosen as the occupant of spacecraft launched into outer space on the 3 rd In addition to dogs, both before and after 1961, monkeys (macaques, squirrel monkeys and chimpanzees), cats, turtles, as well as every little thing - flies, beetles, etc. visited space. underwent training with Sputnik 2, the Soviet November, 1957

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Belka and Strelka Belka and Strelka became the first animal cosmonauts to return from orbit. They flew into space on the 19 th of August in 1960 and did a couple of turns around the Earth's orbit. Belka and Strelka were flying in space more than a day, and then landed safely. The only drawback was a small stress, which the animals easily overcame after the flight. This gave scientists the confidence that people can also fly into space.

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The first man in space On the 12th of April 1961 the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into space. This day divided the history of space exploration into two periods - "when a man dreamed of the stars" and "since a man conquered space.“ At 9:07 am Moscow time, the Vostok-1 spacecraft with the world's first cosmonaut on board, was launched from the launch pad No. 1 of the Baikonur cosmodrome.

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Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin Yuri Gagarin spent 89 minutes in space, went around the Earth. The speed of a spaceship was over 17 thousand miles per hour. Gagarin was the first human in the history of mankind who had a possibility to look at our planet from space and to experience the weightless environment. He landed near Saratov, becoming for many years the most famous, revered and beloved person on the planet , a real worldwide hero . After Gagarin’s historic space voyage it seemed like every child wanted to become a cosmonaut.

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Valentina Tereshkova and Alexei Leonov Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight which lasted nearly 3 days on Vostok-6 in June 1963. Alexei Leonov is a famous Russian cosmonaut . On March 18, 1965 he was the first man who learned to “swim in outer space”. He said, “as soon as I took my foot from the hatch, fear left me: I saw that I was not falling anywhere, there was no air drag in outer space which meant I was not flying, and in a way, I was simply part of the ship”. Leonov’s walk in outer space lasted 20 minutes. That was an important step in the space programme .

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Space cooperation The Soviet "« Lunokhod », automatic orbital stations «Soyuz» and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. The first docking of two Soviet spaceships happened on the 16th of January 1969. And the international docking of the Soviet spaceship «Soyuz-19» and the American spacecraft «Apollo» took place on the 17th of July 1975. March 2, is another memorable day when international space flights began. That was the day when the “Soyuz – 28 spaceship, piloted by Alexei Gubarev , Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, and Vladimir Remek , the Czechoslovak Cosmonaut-Researcher was launched into space and flew towards orbital complex for docking.

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References https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Гагарин,_Юрий_Алексеевич https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri%27s_Night https://denkosmonavtiki.ru/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmonautics_Day https://yandex.ru/turbo?text=https%3A%2F%2Fani maljournal . ru %2 Farticle %2 Fbelka _ i _ strelka http://www.englishstylestudio.ru/novosti/pervaja-sobaka-v-kosmose http https :// zen.yandex.ru / media / id /5bcf96a6ba083000aa051e16/12-aprelia-den-kosmonavtiki-5cafe454fd077400b2e09d44 https :// en . wikipedia . org / wiki / Sergei _ Korolev s://yandex.ru/images/search?from=tabbar&text=Cosmonautics%20Day(images) https://www.meteovesti.ru/pics/src/63501328723.jpg