Русификация английских сленгов (проект)

Муниципальное автономное общеобразовательное учреждение средняя общеобразовательная школа № 29 города Липецка «Университетская»

Секция междисциплинарного и социокультурного образования средствами иностранных языков

Русификация английских сленгов

                                                                                                   Корчагина Анастасия Сергеевна

        учащаяся 10 «А» класса

        Черных Ольга Ивановна

        учитель английского языка

Contents

1. Introduction3
2. The reasons of borrowings4
3. The classifications of slang5
4. The impact of slangs7
5. The attitude of students and adults to the phenomenon 9
6. Bibliography10
7. Appendix 111
8. Appendix 214

  Introduction
The increase in information channels (TV, radio, press), the emergence of the Internet, world trade, international tourism, cultural ties all this has led to the emergence of new borrowed words, on the one hand, drawing process extends the vocabulary of media of the Russian language, on the other hand, losing its identity and unique beauty. While pondering the current situation, many linguists believe that the borrowing of alien vocabulary reached alarming pace. Of particular concern is the fact that in everyday speech, Russian-speaking young people are increasingly found the words from the English language.

The fact is borrowing foreign words is one of the ways of development of the modern language. The language is always responds to the needs of society. Anglisizms have become the result of contacts, relations between peoples and states.
Thus, the object of my research is English slang often used by the inhabitants of our country in those or other life situations, which firmly established in the Russian language.
So, the slang is popular vocabulary, not the requirements of the language, often to a greater or lesser degree is familiar. The question of the content, amount and boundaries of the slang has not yet been defined in linguistic science. Nevertheless, on the Internet network, we can see a compilation of the most used English slang expressions. Despite the fact that in any country of the world it is considered to be the debris, make some rubbish onto the purity of language, each such lexical expression has its own history of appearance. It’s worth sorting out this issue.

The subject I research deals with the problem of the purity of Russian language. I consider, frequently using such words we somehow change it.
The object of the research: English slangs in modern Russian language in the last decades.
The subject of the research: lexical units of English origin and their derivatives.
The main tasks are:
to determine the reasons of borrowings; to examine the classification of anglicisms; to observe the impact of borrowed words on Russian language; to identify the attitude of students and adults to the phenomenon; to examine popular anglicisms in teenagers' speech; to make a list of the most popular English borrowings used by people.

The hypothesis of the study: the emergence of new words expands vocabulary, but on the other side, a huge amount of slangs leads to fact that any language loses its originality and unique beauty.
In order to achieve the aims I have read the necessary material from the Internet and literature. I found out the classifications of slangs and borrowings organized by Hocket which I apply in the work. This classification helps to understand different ways of borrowings. I also consider the phenomenon of language mixing, especially among youth. Such mixing occurs both in oral and written speech.
More than that, my work contains the results of the survey which I conducted among my classmates and schoolmates. It analyses the attitude towards the usage of loanwords both among teenagers and adults. I enclose a list of the most popular anglicisms dividing them according to the sphere of application.
The problem of borrowings is rather complicated as, on the one hand, slangs expand our language and make it more modern, but, on the other hand, they clog it.



The reasons of borrowings
English language is considered to be not only because it is international but the most “fashionable” and many young people are familiar with it.
The possibility of visiting the United States, Britain and the other countries where English is the official language gives students to have the opportunity not only to see a different culture and earn money, but also get a good language practice. That's why many youth jargons are the words that are borrowed from English, but not translated into the Russian. These jargons are understood even by those people who had never learned English. For example: to videotape, to photograph, laptop, fifty-fifty (50 to 50); respect; exchange; loser; drink; people; crazy; price-list best; darling

Another reason of using anglicisms is the development of IT technology and social networking. In this connection there are words such as, gamer, user, login, password, copy, paste, print, save, open, file. Years by years, young people do not stop to continue to use English words and terms which are related to computers and the Internet. The Internet has produced many popular anglicisms of the global network: smile, e-mail, online, connect, like, site, blog, blogger, chat, and more with young people. Also, the sport is the popularization of using English words. Borrowings which are related with the popular sports are sportsman, fitness, bodybuilding, shaping, windsurfing. The active use of these words in the slang of today's youth is primarily due to the so-called “cult of the beautiful body,” promoted in the modern world.
One more cause of popularization of the language is pop culture, e.g. fascination with the popular music of different trends and genres: pop-music, dark (heavy music), release, play-list, chart, face-control, dance, cool, remake, show business, club, fashion, and so on. American films also lead to the fact that the main bulk of americanisms is firmly set in the Russian language. Some phrases come to our spoken language, and we use it without any difficulties.
In addition, the aspiration to show that you are “cool” using unfamiliar words (outsider, devise), providing stylistic, emphatic effect. It becomes more prestigious and attractive to use English words in the speech. It can emphasize the high information content of the speaker, that is why, some of these words have already come to the Russian language. On the one hand, the creation of new words significantly expands the vocabulary of Russian people, but on the other hand, leads to losing much of its unique beauty and purity.

The classification of slangs
The most typical methods of classification of slangisms:
— direct foreign borrowings: weekend, money, spam, dres code;
— hybrid borrowings, that is, words formed by joining the foreign root of the Russian suffix, prefix or ending. In this case, often slightly change the value of the foreign words of the source, for example, ruffer, checker, to drift (to drift), agritest (to angry), renditta (friend);
— exoticism, that is, words that characterize the specific national customs of other peoples and are used in describing the non-Russian reality. A distinctive feature of these words is that they do not have Russian synonyms. For example, chips (chips), hot dog (hot-dog), fishburger, cheeseburger (cheeseburger), hip hop (hip hop);
— foreign language inclusions, which usually have lexical equivalents, but are stylistically different and fixed in a particular sphere of communication as an expressive means, giving speech a special expression: OK, wow(wow);
— truncation of words: computer-comp; windchester-wind; doctor-Doc; windose-wind; — repetition of short words, identical or similar sounding: so-so (so-so), day-to-day (daily)
-acronyms and abbreviations, especially those actively used in Internet slang: ROFL(rolling on floor laughing), BTW (by the way), B4 (before), AKA (also known as), 4gt (forgot), sum1 (someone), LOL (laughing out loud), G2g (got to go), Imho (in my humble opinion), justkin (just kidding) idk (I dont know), IDKWTD (I don't know what to do), WIGO (What is going on?) ASAT (as simple as that).
Any language does not exist without borrowings. It is a natural phenomenon. We learn something new and expanding your vocabulary. Borrowings from  foreign languages began in Russia in the 18th century, when reforms of Peter I, when the king “cut through” the window to Europe. This can be traced in the work of Russian writers. Later, writers such as A.A. Blok, L.N. Tolstoy and others used in their works of foreign language expressions and words. In modern Russian too used English borrowings and English words without translation, because young people also use foreign words in their slang.
Music is part of youth culture.  Every modern teenagers have their own preferences in music. We can note that the lyrics of contemporary artists, which the youth listens to are also used English word during the existence of the socialist system in our country had a policy of prohibition foreign, so-called capitalist information propaganda, where, somehow reflected alien to the Soviet man trends. But, after the collapse of the USSR, changes became apparent both political and cultural- informational. Thus, not only in speech, but also in the addresses of our compatriots to each other many English words appeared. Now we can observe various English expressions in the texts of Russian artists, regardless of what genre of music
For example:
...Hop-hey-lala-lei, где вопрос
и где ответ,
Hop-hey-lala-lei, что ни
говори.
Hop-hey-lala-lei, то ли
верить, то ли нет,
Hop-hey-lala-lei, но Бог тебя
хранит.
Hop-hey-lala-lei...
(певец Леонид Агутин 1994)

... Ice, Ice, Ice baby, я буду тебя
любить,
даже когда я буду на небе,
ну а пока что я здесь и я в
рэпе...
(реп- исполнитель Гуф, 2009)


...American boy, American joy,
American boy for all this time.
American boy, уеду с тобой,
Уеду с тобой, Москва прощай,
American boy ой, ой, уеду с
тобой.
American boy...
(группа” Комбинация”,
1988год)





The impact of slangs on Russian language
The process of word-stock formation is very long-drawn-out and complicated. It is also closely connected with the history of a nation. Russian vocabulary in its modern state did not appear at once.
Interesting fact: almost all words on letter “Ф” in Russian were borrowed.
We cannot deny that English including American English strongly affects modern people of all ages. We watch American soap-operas and films, listen to American music, even have different prints on T-shirts.
As for my classmates and friends, American soap-operas are really popular among my them (especially girls) such as «Pretty Little Liars», «The Vampire Diaries», «Gossip Girl», «90210», «Make it or break it». I know that my friends prefer to watch not Russian, but American soap operas (in English — original language). Also, in fact, there are many wonderful American films (or just films in English), that we watch and then discuss. Moreover, I know that my classmates enjoy listening to songs in English language. You might think that it is not relevant to the subject, but I think that watching films in original, listening to music in English, play an important role in studying a language and, what is more important for my research — in borrowing new words. It often happens that after some popular films lots of new expressions appear in teenagers’ vocabulary.
And I one more thing, which influences people’ lives: social nets. All my friends without exception enjoy having their own pages in different social nets. There they connect with each other, with their friends in other cities and countries. All teenagers (and not only teenagers) all over the world use such networks as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Skype, Vkontakte. And mostly use various English slangs to make their way of writing easy and suitable.
To sum up, it is important to mention that slangs will never disappear. Young people have been using slangs for many years, and will always use them. Without a doubt, slang changes in time, some words are dying, others — appear
I have found a lot of words and divided them into four groups: work and politics, culture, sports and science.
Politics Work.
Meeting (митинг)
Culture
Supermarket (супермаркет)
Sport
Hypothec(ипотека)
Football (футбол)
Project (проект)
Science
Notebook(ноутбук)
Design (дизайн)
Computer (компьютер)
Leader (лидер)
Sport (спорт)
Start (старт)
Problem (проблема)
Visit (визит)
Record-holder (рекордсмен)
Cottage (коттедж)
Rating (рейтинг)
Marathon (марафон)
Match (матч)
Presentation (презентация)
Hacker (хакер)
Presidium (президиум)
Tournament (турнир)
Marketer (маркетолог)
Sportsman (спортсмен)
College (колледж)
Alternative (альтернатива)
Programmer (программист)
Site (сайт)
Online (он-лайн)
Champion (чемпион)
Marketing (маркетинг)

The attitude of students and adults to the phenomenon
As a result of a survey of the older population, I found that most people from 45 years almost do not use English words and expressions. In addition, they are negatively opposed to their active use by young people, explaining that they clog the purity of the native language. We can assume that the older generation still uses English words, but does not think about it, or simply do not know that the words included in their everyday speech are of English origin.
But, as for teenagers, I would like to note that slang is a coded language designed to exclude adults. It also shows what teenagers are concerned about. Nowadays many slang words are borrowed from English language. In our study I made a conclusion that teenagers use a lot of English loans in their speech, and we made a list of only a small part of English borrowings, which became an integral part of the Russian youth slang. Having analyse these words and interviewed the teenagers, I concluded that English loans play one of the important roles in creating Russian youth slang.
However, I have found that some students don't like to use slangs. They prefer to use Russian words.
According to the results of our research work we can conclude that almost 50 per cent of students understands the people who use slangs and it approves our hypothesis. I can not say if it is good or bad, it is a fact and it will not stop. Some Russian people complain this fact, based that Russian language lost its origin and purity. We are Russians, we speak Russian language. But we are the inhabitants of our unique planet and the process of the developing multy aspectual Life will not be stopped.
The purpose of the research work has been achieved.

Bibliography

1.  Сумцова О. В. Причины использования англицизмов в русском молодежном сленге [Текст] / О. В. Сумцова // Молодой ученый. -- 2012. -- №4. -- С. 247-250.
2. Егорова О.С., Никитин Д.С. Тематическая классификация новых англицизмов (на материале современной российской газеты). Ярославский педагогический вестник. № 1. Том I (Гуманитарные науки). М. 2011.
3. http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/Приложение:Заимствованные_слова_в_русском_языке
4. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Заимствования_в_русском_языке
5. http://azenglish.ru/anglicizmy-v-russkom-yazyke/
6. Хамова П.П. ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ ИЗ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В РУССКОМ МОЛОДЕЖНОМ СЛЕНГЕ // Молодежный научный форум: Гуманитарные науки: электр. сб. ст. по мат. VI междунар. студ. науч.-практ. конф.

Appeﮦndix 1

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ОПРОС НА ТЕМУ ЗАИМСТВОВАННЫХ АНГЛИЙСКИХ СЛОВ

1. Используете ли вы заимствованные из английского языка слова в своей речи?

        1. Да            2. Нет          3. Нечасто           4. Редко

2. С какой целью вы используете заимствованные из английского языка слова?

1. Нет аналога в русском.
2. Они более выразительно и четко отражают суть сказанного.
3. Достаточно популярны в повседневной речи.
4. Все говорят, и я говорю.
5. Другой ответ:______________________________________________________________

3. Всегда ли вы понимаете значение этих слов?

1. Всегда.
2. Не всегда.
3. Зачастую не понимаю.
4. Если бы не понимал, не использовал бы.
5. Другой ответ:______________________________________________________________

4. Откуда вам доводится слышать заимствованные из английского слова/выражения чаще всего?

Ответ:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Appendix 2

THE MOST FREQUENT BORROWINGS FROM ENGLISH IN RUSSIAN YOUTH SLANGS

The Internet:

Release — релиз.

Playlist — плейлист.

Face-control — фейс-контроль.

Gamer — геймер.

Login — логин.

Like — лайк.

File — файл.

Site — сайт.

Media and television:

Prime-time — прайм-тайм.

Talk-show — ток-шоу.

Image-maker — имиджмейкер.

Production terms:

Marketing — маркетинг.

Leasing — лизинг.

Broker — брокер.

Manager — менеджер.

Promoter — промоутер.

Other situation:

Toaster — тостер.

Blender — блендер.

Bowling — боулинг.

Diving — дайвинг

Hit — популярная песня.

Poster  — плакат, афиша.

Security —  охрана.

Boy-friend — бойфренд.

Weekend — уикенд.

Party — вечеринка.

Looser — неудачник.

Baby — детка.

Go — «Пошли.»

Fast-food — сеть быстрого питания

Cheeseburger — чизбургер.

Hot-dog — хот-дог.

Remake — ремейк

Basic – дословно базовый, обычный.

Crush – дословно переводится как раздавить или уничтожить, в молодежном английском описывает объект безумной любви говорящего.

Extra – описание человека, который делает что-то с излишним энтузиазмом.

Trash – буквально переводится как мусор.

Chill – синоним русского слова «отдыхать».