Исследовательская работа на тему "Шерлок Холмс - известный литературный герой"

Шерлок Холмс является одним из самых популярных литературных героев. О Шерлоке Холмсе снять около 211 фильмов. По всему миру созданы огромное количество «холмсианских» сообществ. Его личность широко обсуждают в Интернете до сих пор. Он является образцом для подражания, источником для анекдотов и пародий. Произведения Артура Конан Дойла принадлежат к мировой классике. Почему же образ Шерлока Холмса не потерял своей актуальности до сих пор? Ответ прост - Шерлок Холмс - герой нашего времени. Качества, сочетающиеся в этом персонаже, ценились людьми во все времена. Чувство юмора, хорошие манеры, незаурядные умственные способности – вот неполный список тех черт характера, которые делают Шерлока Холмса уникальным.

Что касается меня, я зачитываюсь книгами, а Шерлок Холмс мой любимый персонаж. Однако нельзя отрицать, что популярность этого образа способствовал и по-прежнему способствует кинематограф, благодаря своей доступности, эффектности и зрелищности. Мне стало интересно рассмотреть образ моего любимого сыщика.

Цель: привлечь внимание к личности известного литературного героя.

Задачи:

1. Изучить и проанализировать в литературе информацию про Шерлока Холмса;

2. Раскрыть сущность многогранного образа Шерлока Холмса и показать его значимость.

Объект исследования: Личность Шерлок Холмса

Предмет исследования: Шерлок Холмс как один из значимых и известных героев.

Методы исследования: наблюдение, изучение литературы, беседа, сравнительно – сопоставительный анализ.

"My name is Sherlock Holmes. It is my business to know what other people don't know."

―"The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle"

The great detective, created by Arthur Conan Doyle, has relived his “creator” and exists in himself for a long time.

Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who first appeared in publication in 1887.

A brilliant London detective, Holmes is famous for his using logic to solve cases. He is perhaps the most famous fictional detective, and one of the best known and most recognizable literary characters.

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote four novels and fifty-six short-stories about him. Almost all were narrated by Holmes' friend and biographer, Dr John H. Watson.

Knowledge and skills.

In the very first story, A Study in Scarlet, something about Holmes is given. He was born in England in the year 1854 or 1847. Little is known of his family, he is the grand nephew of the French artist Emile Jean Horace Vernet. It is also known that in his younger years, Holmes studied at one of the leading universities. He has older brother Mycroft who would spend much of his life on Her Majesty's Secret Service. At the age of 20, Holmes began his career as the world's first consulting detective, taking his first case. Holmes employed a process of deductive in his work, with great success. In early 1881 he is presented as an independent student of chemistry with a variety of curious side-interests.

Holmes is also a competent cryptanalyst. He relates to Watson, "I am fairly familiar with all forms of secret writing, and am myself the author of a trifling monograph upon the subject, in which I analyse one hundred and sixty separate ciphers".

Holmes' techniques could be looked upon as the forerunner of modern forensic sciences:

The use of footprints, shoe prints, horseshoe prints, carriage wheel tracks, and bicycle tracks to identify actions at a crime scene (A Study in Scarlet, "The Adventure of the Silver Blaze", "The Adventure of the Priory School")

The use of tobacco ashes and cigarette butts to identify criminals ("The Adventure of the Resident Patient", The Hound of the Baskervilles)

The use of typewritten letters to expose a fraud ("A Case of Identity")

The deduction of murder from two pieces of human remains ("The Adventure of the Cardboard Box")

The use of a fingerprint to free an innocent man ("The Adventure of the Norwood Builder") (an especially subtle case, as Holmes recognises the fingerprint as a forgery)

Personality and habits.

Watson describes Holmes as "bohemian" in habits and lifestyle. Although Holmes is described in The Hound of the Baskervilles as having a "cat-like" love of personal cleanliness, Watson also describes Holmes as an eccentric, with no regard for standards of tidiness or good order. Holmes can often be quite dispassionate and cold.

Often, he prepares dramatic traps to capture the criminal which are staged to impress Watson or one of the Scotland Yard inspectors (as at the end of "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder"). He needed Watson to share the rent of his comfortable residence at 221B Baker Street.

Holmes is generally quite fearless. He examines horrific crime scenes; he does not allow superstition (as in The Hound of the Baskervilles) or some situations to make him afraid.

On occasion Holmes and Watson carry pistols with them. Besides a pistol, Holmes uses a riding crop/ cane as a weapon.

Historically, Holmes lived from the year 1881 at 221B Baker Street, London, a flat up seventeen steps, where he shared many of his professional years with his good friend Dr Watson for some time before Watson's marriage in 1887 and after Mrs Watson's death. The residence was maintained by his landlady, Mrs Hudson.

In almost all of the stories Holmes is assisted by Watson, who is not only a friend but also his chronicler (his "Boswell").

Holmes' enemy was Professor James Moriarty ("Napoleon of Crime"), who fell, struggling with Holmes, over the Reichenbach Falls. Conan Doyle intended "The Final Problem", the story in which this occurred, to be the last that he wrote about Holmes. However, the mass of mails he received demanding that he bring back his creation convinced him to continue. His return in "The Adventure of the Empty House" Conan Doyle explained that only Moriarty fell over the cliff.

Holmes and his women.

The only woman in whom Holmes ever showed any interest was Irene Adler. According to Watson, she was always referred to by Holmes as "The Woman." In one story, "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton", Holmes is engaged to be married, but only with the motivation of gaining information for his case.

Holmesian deduction.

"From a drop of water", Holmes wrote in an essay described in A Study in Scarlet, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other." Holmes stories often begin with a bravura display of his talent for "deduction".

In the stories by Conan Doyle, Holmes often remarked that his logical conclusions were "elementary". He also, on occasion, referred to his friend as "my dear Watson". However, the complete phrase, "Elementary, my dear Watson", does not appear in any of the sixty Holmes stories. It does appear at the very end of the 1929 film, The Return of Sherlock Holmes, the first Sherlock Holmes sound film.

Some interesting facts.

It should be noted the word "Sherlock" has entered the language to mean a detective or used sarcastically if someone states the obvious.
Sherlock Holmes is the most portrayed fictional character on film, played by 75 actors in 211 movies since 1900.
5 Soviet films about Sherlock Holmes, starred in Vasiliy Livanov and Vitaliy Solomin, are accepted one of the best, even by The English.

Выводы

Список литературы

Приложение А

Госпожа Метелица

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