Судьба и творческое наследие художников России и Британии

МАОУ «Сылвенская средняя школа»

Судьба и творческое наследие художников

России и Британии

            Автор:

учащийся 9 «А» класса

Шляпников Юрий

Руководитель:

учитель английского языка I категории

Шляпникова Марина Леонидовна

п. Сылва, 2015 г.

Оглавление

1. Введение                                                                                3
2. Глава I. Судьба и творчество художников в России                        4
3. Глава II. Судьба и творчество художников в Британии                7
4. Заключение                                                                        12

     Приложение

• Задания

Введение

Живопись – это поэма в красках,

поэзия – это картина в словах.

Древнекитайский художник Ван Вэй

Painting is a language. People use it to express moods and feelings. Painting reflects our ideas and emotions. Some pictures are happy and some are sad. Some of them are serious and some can make people laugh.

     There can be no vitality in art if it doesn’t evoke a warm response in the hearts of people, if it has no links with people, with their life, interests, hopes. Art appeals to the hearts and minds of man, to his feelings and ideas and it proclaims life.

      Art belongs to the people. The history of art from the Renaissance to our days confirms this. An artist is a worthy son of his time if his art addressed to the people, when it deals with life, when it welcomes the sunrise as a wonderful symbol of man’s finest hopes.

Актуальность  данной работы очевидна, потому что тема искусства вечна.

Цель работы – ознакомление с судьбой и творческим наследием выдающихся русских и английских  художников

Работая над темой, необходимо решить следующие задачи:

• проанализировать литературу по данному вопросу;
• сделать необходимые переводы с русского на английский язык;
• создать электронные презентации по творчеству художников;
• составить задания  для учащихся по материалам данной работы;
• познакомить учащихся с судьбами художников и их знаменитыми шедеврами;

Практическая значимость данной работы несомненна, так как все материалы могут применяться в школьной урочной и внеклассной работе, а также для самостоятельных дополнительных углубленных занятий по английскому языку. Кроме того, вся собранная информация по данному вопросу может быть  использована на занятиях английского языка студентами педагогического колледжа специальности «Живопись».

В работе была использована энциклопедическая и справочная литература, а также материалы Интернет ресурсов.

Глава  I. Судьба  и творчество художников

в России

Art is long, life is short

Levitan

Isaac Ilyich Levitan, the great Russian artist, was one of the first painters of the Russian scenery to reveal its beauty. He is a real poet of the Russian countryside. Levitan developed the traditions of painters of the Russian realistic landscape school – Savrasov, Polenov, Serov and others. He found poetry in what would seem daily life.

  Levitan is a very special sort of painter. There is something in his landscapes that reflects our own moods. He deeply felt what he wanted to depict, and his brush transferred his feelings to the canvas.

 A master of landscape, he never introduced figures into it. Though if you look at “The autumn day in Soloniki”, everything seems to bring out the loneliness of the figure in the centre the trees losing their leaves, the remote, indifferent sky, the path going off into the distance. But the fact is that it was not Levitan who painted the figure. It was Chekhov’s brother Nikolai who did it.

Levitan’s art was greatly influenced by his travels along the Volga. He chose Plyoss, a small provincial town on the Volga, for his place of residence and for a subject of many of his canvases. His paintings like “Evening”, “Golden Plyoss”, “After the rain” depict the scenery of the place. They are full of subtle feeling and tenderness, but there is no sentimentality in them; Levitan’s are truly realistic.

In the closing years of his life, Levitan made several journeys abroad. He travelled to France Italy and Germany where he painted many of his landscapes. Levitan was only 49 when he died in 1900.

Levitan’s influence over lyrical landscape painters can’t be overestimated. His deep feeling for nature, love for his native land, his ability to reveal the poetry of the Russian countryside has won his paintings the love and gratitude of people.

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov

(1799-1852)

The art of “the genius Karl”, as Bryullov was called by his contemporaries, was marked by virtuosity in brushwork, unusual mastery in drawing and a brilliant knowledge of the laws of composition.

Karl Bryullov was essentially an adherent of the Russian romantic movement. Like the French romantic painter Delacroix he often chose as his theme a dramatic historical event. One of the best known of such works was his “Last Day of Pompeii” (painted in Italy , 1830-1833, the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg), with its sharp contrast of the terrifying spectacle of nature’s blind destruction and human nobility. The masterly execution reflects the excellent training he has received at the Fine Arts Academy in St. Petersburg, whose member he was made and where he was later to teach.

The painting was a tremendous success both in Russia and abroad. It was acclaimed by Walter Scott, and the artist was awarded a gold medal at an art exhibition at the Louvre in 1834. Bryullov was elected honorary member of the fine Arts academies of Milan, Bologna, Florence and Parma. At home he was henceforth the recognized coryphaeus of academic painting.

He shared the romantic interest in the East and made a trip around Greece and Turkey in the 1830s. He made some masterly sketches of fighters of the Greek liberation struggle, which served as material for his subsequent large water colour “Sweet Waters Near Constantinople”.

He excelled as a portrait painter. One of his best portraits was painted for a lottery, of which the proceeds were to be devoted to buying a self pupil his freedom. The pupil was Taras Shevchenko, who was to become the Ukrainian national poet and artist.

In his self-portrait (1848, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow) he depicts himself ailing physically and morally after an illness which had overtaken him at the height of his powers. The rich, varied palette – the pale, wan face, the golden curls, the deep, warm red of the armchair and the dark-brown shirt – testify to more than a passing familiarity with the 17th century Flemish masters.

His habit of keeping his eyes wide open to reality, a result of his training at the Academy, ensured that his romanticism always retained strong undercurrents of realism.

Dmitry Annenkov

(1965 -   )

"There is no still-life in nature! Everything lives and moves, everything inhales and exhales, everything changes every minute ", - said the French art critic Torah-Bjurzhe. And the greatest master of a still-life Sharden confirmed: " In Fine Art it is necessary to use feeling instead of paints ".

Dmitry Annenkov is a very modern, popular and fashionable artist of still-lives nowadays. He was born in Moscow in 1965. Dmitri graduated from the Moscow Stroganov’s art-industrial institute. He is a member of the Moscow Union of artists. Today the artist cooperates with galleries of  France, Norway and the USA.

His favourite theme is a still-life. "Dead nature"... It may be so. In order to become a subject of a still-life fruit and vegetables should be picked up, animals and birds are killed, fishes, cockleshells and sea animals are caught, flowers are cut off. It is sad, but nevertheless the creative work of the artist does all these things "eternally live" though they represent "dead nature" (the word "still-life" is translated like this). Things are placed in a certain interior, combined together and a certain picture turns out. Everything becomes a symbol. The meanings of these symbols even have a philosophical aspect.

Annenkov’s works are really interesting, sometimes they are like successfully executed photos with its philosophy. Looking at Dmitry Annenkov's pictures you feel how the artist is interested in the surrounded world. He paints each subject with the feeling of personal representing. The artist pays attention to the each smallest bagatelle. In his pictures we can see the reflections of subjects and people on smooth surfaces of the subjects, transferring almost inaudible presence of the person which just read the letter or had breakfast, the child playing teddy bears. Dmitry Annenkov is the real master of a still-life. He is the top specialist in it. He reaches the perfection, revealing plastic riches of the subject world and creating the unique mood and feeling.

Глава II. Судьба художников в Британии

Art is a veil rather than a mirror.

Oscar Wilde

John Constable

Glossary

Windmill – ветряная мельница

To perfect himself – совершенствоваться

A profound sensation – абсолютная сенсация

Snail – улитка

Shell – раковина

Haystack – стог сена

Text

One of the greatest English landscape painters was John Constable (1776 – 1837). He was born in Suffolk on June 11, 1776. His father was a farmer and he sent his son to work in one of his windmills. While working, John observed changes in the weather, and thanks to that he got excellent knowledge of atmospheric changes and effects. He liked to make drawings of the scenery around him.

Constable was sent to London to learn art. He tried to perfect himself as a painter. In1799 he became a student of the Royal Academy. He worked very hard and in a few years’ time, he exhibited his finest pictures. His power at the time, though unrecognized, was at its highest. His first masterpieces were “The Stratford Mill”^[1], “The Hay Wain”^[2], “Salisbery Cathedral”^[3], “The Waterloo Bridge”^[4], etc.

Some of Constable’s pictures were taken to Paris and created a profound sensation there. He received two gold medals; his pictures were honourably hung in the Louvre. His merits were recognized in France, but not in England. His studio was full of unsold pictures. After his death the pictures greatly increased in value.

The life of Constable was as closely connected with his mill as the life of a snail with its shell. He never looked for effects in nature, he painted nature as he saw it. Almost all his pictures are painted in one and the same place. Thanks to that he could learn about the atmospheric changes, the influence of light and the weather. He was one of the first to understand that a small place could yield a lot of landscapes depending on the lighting and the time of day. Many years later Claude Monet (a French painter) followed up that idea in the series of landscapes with a haystack.

Joshua Reynolds

Glossary

Clergyman – священник

Witty – остроумный

Patronage – покровительство

Prosperous – процветающий

Sitter – позирующий (художнику, скульптору и т. п.)

Allegory – аллегория

Period costume – костюм какой-либо эпохи

Overtone – намек, подтекст

Text

Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723 – 1792) replaced William Hogarth as the dominant painter in the second half of the18th century. He was born in Devonshire on July 16, 1723, and was educated by his father, a clergyman and the master of the free grammar school in the place. He wanted his son to be a doctor, but the boy wanted to paint very much. At the age of eight, he made a perfect drawing of the school. And that astonished his father greatly.

When Reynolds was 18, he went to London to study art at Thomas Hudson, an artist and portrait painter. In two years, he began to paint portraits. Reynolds was very witty, clever and friendly. He got on well with people. One of his friends suggested a trip to Italy. There Reynolds spent some years, learning the art of old masters. He was deeply impressed by Michelangelo. To the end of his life, Michelangelo remained for Reynolds the supreme figure in art.

After his coming back to London, Reynolds painted a lot of portraits, as there were many women who wanted to appear as angels and men who wished to arrear as heroes and philosophers in his pictures. His popularity was great. Famous scientists, writers, politicians, philosophers visited his hospitable house. He also played a very important role in politics.

In 1760, the London world of art was greatly impressed by the public picture show of the Society of Artists. That was the idea of Reynolds. Then the artists asked for help and patronage from King George III to found the Royal Academy. And in 1768 the Academy was founded. Reynolds was its first president. Later he was appointed the King’s painter.

Reynolds’s life was peaceful and happy. He was a prosperous and successful artist, and he created his wonderful portraits. He idealised The faces of sitters, but  they didn’t lose the likeness. He wanted  to paint not only a portrait, but a historical picture or allegory, that’s why he dressed the sitters in period costumes and even introduced mythological or allegorical overtones.

Reynolds’s best paintings are “The Portrait of the Actress Sarah Siddons”^[5], “Venus and Cupid”^[6], “Captain Robert Orme”^[7], the portrait of the King’s family, etc.

Thomas Gainsborough

Glossary

Violoncello – виолончель

Harp – арфа

Hautboy – гобой

Impulsive – импульсивный

Easy irritated person – очень раздражительный человек

Generous – великодушный

To merge –сливаться, соединяться

Single whole – единое целое

Harmony of mood – гармония настроения

Mother-of-pearl – жемчужный

Text

Thomas Gainsborough (1727 – 1788) painted portraits and landscapes. He was born in Sudbury, Suffolk, in 1727. His father was a cloth merchant; his mother painted flower-pictures and approved of her son’s desire to draw. His father sent Thomas to London to study art when he was 12. He stayed in London for 8 years. In 1746, he fell in love with a charming girl, Margaret Burr, and married her. Two daughters were born of this marriage.

Gainsborough’s career as a painter started very successfully. He painted both small-sized portraits and landscapes. Then he moved to Bath, which was the general resort of wealth and fashion at that time. In Bath Gainsborough became a fashionable artist, portraying the aristocracy, wealthy merchants and artists. He didn’t produce small paintings any more, but full-length, life-size portraits. He liked music very much, and there he began to learn playing some musical instruments, for example, the violoncello, the harp, and the hautboy. His pictures were musical too.

First Gainsborough began to exhibit his paintings with the London Society of Artists. He was a member of the Royal Academy, but then he broke off relations with it. He moved his paintings to a house in Pall Mall (a street in London) exhibited them there every year.

Thomas Gainsborough was tall, fair-haired handsome man, very impulsive and easily irritated, but generous and kind. He was a self-taught artist and didn’t make the traditional trip to Italy to learn art. He relied on his own remarkable instinct in painting. But he had a considerable influence on the artists of the English school.

Thomas Gainsborough was famous for the truth, elegance and refinement of his portraits and for the simple beauty of his landscapes. He painted 800 portraits and more then 200 landscapes. He created a form of art in which the sitters and the background merge into a single whole. They are in direct contact, in a harmony of mood.

 Among the famous works are the portraits of Mrs Gainsborough, Mrs. Sheridan, the actress Sarah Siddons, his self-portrait, “At the Cottage Door”, ^[8] “Going to the Market”,^[9] etc. Gainsborough was also famous for the so-called “Blue portraits”, for example “Lady in Blue”,^[10] “The Blue Boy”,^[11] and others. His blue colours are very expressive and unusual. It’s a combinations of tones such as silver, mother-of-pearl, lilac, pink. His works are poetic, elegant and graceful. His landscapes started the remarkable English landscape painting.

Cecil Kennedy

        Cecil Kennedy will be best remembered for his minutely detailed depictions of flowers, though he also worked as a portraitist. His greatest works are admired for their exquisite detail and artful compositions, and many of these were produced during the 1960’s. His wife Winifred created the brilliant flower arrangements, usually in a vase from their collection of mid-eighteenth century Waterford vases, which continually inspired his work.

        Kennedy was born into a large artistic Victorian family. He was the youngest of thirteen children. His grandfather was an artist who had lived in France, sketched with Jean Baptiste Camille Corot (1796-1875) and exchanged drawings with him. His father was a landscape painter and four of his brothers were artists. His brother Charles, who died in the influenza epidemic of 1918, was a particular influence on him. In the early thirties he met and married Winifred Aves. She became his inspiration and for sixty-four years they worked together as a creative team.

        In the Second World War he was called up and fought in the British Army in Europe. He was in Antwerp during the winter of 1944 where he sought out and befriended Flemish painters. It was a time for reflection, and studying Flemish and Dutch still life paintings in their natural setting brought about a definite change in his painting style. He maintained contact with Flemish artists up to his death.

Cecil Kennedy had many important patrons. Queen Mary bought his work, as did the Duke of Windsor and the Astors. Queen Mary is quoted as saying "When I see Cecil Kennedy’s pictures I can smell the flowers and hear the hum of the bees." She noticed he had painted a ladybird on a flower stem. Thereafter all his paintings contained a ladybird. Lord Thompson of Fleet, a friend and patron, wrote about him and commented that "his pictures conveyed a joy of life and artistic creativity."

Kennedy had an important exhibiting career, showing before the age of twenty-four at both the Royal Scottish Academy and the Royal Hibernian Academy, regularly at the Royal Academy and in the provinces. From the 1950’s until the 1970’s, he exhibited regularly with the Fine Art Society, who were keen advocates of his work. He was awarded a silver medal at the Paris Salon in 1956 and a gold medal in 1970. He was recently celebrated in a retrospective of contemporary flower painting, Three Flower Painters, held at the Richard Green Gallery in 1997. Mr Green was one of several art dealers to champion Kennedy’s unsurpassed eminence in the genre of flower painting, blending botanical accuracy and sensual effects.

Kennedy’s artful juxtapositions of modern exotic hybrids blooms and humble favourites like field grasses, as well as the plant species celebrated in the works of the Old Masters revealed his knowledgeability as a plantsman as well as an artist. While studying in the great national collections of the major artistic centres, London, Paris, Antwerp and Zurich, he fell under the influence of the Old Masters, from whom he derived his meticulous technique. The novelty of his all white arrangements reflected an awareness of twentieth century horticultural innovations as well such as Vita Sackville-West’s ‘white garden.’

Заключение

Судьба художника вовсе времена была нелегкой. И наше время нелегко быть художником.  Как и раньше художник должен бороться за место под солнцем - писать картины, устраивать выставки и по возможности продавать свои работы. Но сделать свою персональную выставку сейчас дорого: аренда помещения, реклама и все прочее требуют от художника больших финансовых вложений. Однако, мы живем в век высоких технологий и это намного облегчает жизнь современных художников. Например, существует виртуальная галерея художников, где представлены работы всех направлений живописи от строгого академизма до новомодных поп-арта и шаржей, статьи об искусстве, обсуждение работ, выставки и новости культуры. Сегодня  ознакомиться с творчеством художников можно в сети Интернет, потому что есть сайты-галереи картин изобразительного искусства, которые предлагают зрителям бытовые и жанровые картины, натюрморты, городские и морские пейзажи, анималистическую и портретную живопись и еще много интересного. Любую работу можно купить, заказать копию и пообщаться с автором.  

В своей работе мы собрали небольшой материал на английском языке  о судьбах и творческом наследии выдающихся русских и английских  художников. Для этого часть информации была специально переведена с русского языка на английский.

В работе представлены художники разной направленности – портретисты, пейзажисты и мастера натюрморта.

По творческому наследию каждого представленного художника создана презентация.

В работе представлены разноплановые задания к текстам о судьбах художников и их творческом наследии.

Приложение  

I. Задания по творчеству Левитана

Answer the questions.

1. What is Levitan famous for as a painter?

2. Why can he be called a very special sort of painter?

3. What genre did he paint in?

4. What was Levitan’s art greatly influence by?

5. Why can you say that Levitan’s influence over lyrical landscape painters can’t be overestimated?

Translate into English:

1. Левитан, знаменитый русский художник, считается мастером русского пейзажа.

2. Левитан, изображая пейзажи, передавал настроение.

3. Мастер пейзажа, Левитан развил традиции русской реалистической пейзажной школы.

4. Многие картины Левитана, полные нежности, но реалистичные, изображают плёс.

5. Трудно переоценить влияние Левитана на русское искусство.

II. Задания по творчеству Брюллова

Choose the correct answer.

1. What is the famous picture of Bryullov?

a) «Last Day of Pompeii»;

b) «The autumn day in Solonki»;

c) «The Stradford Mill».

2. What did Bryullov win a gold medal for?

a) for good behavior;

b) for an art exhibition at the Louvre;

c) for excellent picture.

3. In this connection the picture was written «Sweet waters near Constantinople?»

a) a trip around Greece and Turkey;

b) great landscape;

c) a result of his training at the Academy.

III. Задания по творчеству Констебля

Choose the correct answer.

1. Where did Constable’s father send him to work?

a) to a hospital;  b) to one of his windmill;  c) to a shop.

2. When did he become a student of the Royal Academy?

a) in 1799;  b) in 1800;  c) in1790.

3. Where were Constable’s merits as a painter recognized?

a) in England;  b) in Germany;  c) in France.

VI. Задания по творчеству Рейнольдса

Translate into Russian:

1. When Reynolds was 18, he went to London to study art at Thomas Hudson, an artist and portrait painter.
2. He was deeply impressed by Michelangelo.
3. Famous scientists, writers, politicians, philosophers visited his hospitable house.

V. Задания по творчеству Гейнсборо

Answer the questions.

1. What genre did he paint in?

2. Where to send father to Thomas, he studied drawing?

3. What Famous portraits Gainsborough?

V. Задания по творчеству Кеннеди

Answer the questions.

1. What did Cecil Kennedy draw?

2. How many children were in the Victorian family?

3. What medal had been awarded Kennedy in 1970?