Озеро Байкал

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Baikal is a lake of tectonic origin in the southern part of Eastern Siberia , the deepest lake on the planet , the largest natural reservoir of fresh water . The lake and coastal areas are distinguished by a unique variety of flora and fauna , most of the species of animals are endemic . Local residents and many in Russia are traditionally called Baikal by the sea .

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Geographical position Baikal is located in the center of Asia on the border of the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia in the Russian Federation. The lake stretched from the south-west to the north-east for 620 km in the form of a giant crescent. The width of the reservoir ranges from 24 to 79 km. The bottom of Lake Baikal in its deepest part is 1167 meters below the level of the World Ocean. The altitude mark of the Baikal water basin is set (as Baikal is regulated) in the 456-457 meters above sea level , but in the Pacific elevation system . As a result , the " real " level of Lake Baikal is unknown in fact .

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Depths Baikal is the deepest lake on Earth . The present value of the maximum depth of the lake - 1642 m - was established in 1983 by L.G. Kolotilo and A.I. Sulimov during the execution of hydrographic works by the expedition of the State Department of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. The maximum depth was plotted on maps in 1992 [8] and confirmed in 2002 as a result of the joint Belgian-Spanish-Russian project to create a new bathymetric map of Lake Baikal, when the depths of 1,132,788 points of the lake water were digitized If you consider that the water surface of the lake is at an altitude of 456 m above sea level , the lower point of the basin lies 1187 m below the level of the world ocean , which makes the bowl of Lake Baikal also one of the deepest continental depressions . The average depth of the lake is also very high - 744.4 m. It exceeds the maximum depths of many very deep lakes . In addition to Lake Baikal on the Earth , only two lakes have a depth of more than 1000 meters : Tanganyika (1470 m) and the Caspian Sea (1025 m).